The second photograph, exhibited by Mrs. Haig Thomas (Exhibit No. K 4), is of three sisters who were also photographed in Granada. The eldest is of the dark, typical "Arab type," so well recognised by Spaniards wherever it is seen in Spain. The second sister is clearly much lighter in hair and fairer in complexion than her sister. The nose, too, is very distinct in both. The baby is fair. It is impossible, of course, to trace the remote ancestry of these sisters, and Mrs. Haig Thomas obtained no information as to their parents, but from what we know of Spanish history the case suggests a possible segregation of Moorish from Gothic features after the intermixture of the two races, by marriage, had occurred. But the question is extremely complex. It is impossible to say to what extent the inhabitants of modern Spain represent in varying degrees a commingled race of Phœnicians and Iberians, of these with Romans and Goths, and of all with Moors, themselves at the time of the conquest of Spain a mixed race. All that can be said with any degree of probability is that these various races have more or less intermingled [E] during the long history of Spain, and that the flaxen hair and blue eyes among its inhabitants are the heritage which the Goths have left them.
[E] I advisedly use the word intermingled and not blended.
EUROPEAN v. AMERICAN RED INDIAN.
For the facts of the segregation of European and Indian eye-colour, I am indebted to two friends who resided for many years in different parts of Canada, and who do not desire their names published.
The first case of this kind (Pedigree Chart, No. K 5) of segregation of racial eye-colour is that of the offspring from a marriage between a blue-eyed Scotchman and a black-eyed, full blood American Red Indian woman. [F] They had a son and a daughter, and the eyes of both were Indian brown. This brown differs from that of European eyes, and can usually be distinguished by observers who know the two races well. The half-breed son (No. 2, Generation B) married a full blood Indian woman (No. 1), who also had Indian brown eyes, and by her had four children. Two of them were babies at the time my informant knew them, and we may leave them out of account. The other two, a son and daughter (Nos. 2 and 1, Generation C), had Indian brown eyes. This result is in accord with Mendelian expectations.
[F] This is the same family as Family 5 described in connection with Segregation of Nose Form in exhibit K 2a.
The half-breed Indian daughter (No. 4, Generation B) of the blue-eyed Scotchman and Indian mother married a Welshman (No. 5, B) with hazel eyes. They had seven children. Of these, two—a son and daughter (No. 7 and 11, Generation C)—had blue eyes. The remaining children—with the exception of a baby, whom my informant had seldom seen—had eyes of varying shades of brown. Two (Nos. 9 and 12, C) had European brown, one dark Indian brown, and one Indian brown eyes (Nos. 8 and 10, C).