Fig. 30. Stud and Joist Patterns
The term "header" is also used to designate the studding, or joist in the case of double doors, placed horizontally over window and door openings, [Fig. 28.] Studding cut in below window openings forms the stool, also known as header. The illustration shows the manner of framing for openings of different widths. A small single window may require but one thickness of 2" × 4". A medium sized opening will have a header of two pieces of 2" × 4". Where the opening is rather large, as in the case of double door openings, two joists will be set on edge over the opening as header.
13. Walls and Partitions; Joists and Rough Floors.—A study of Figs. [16], [17], [18], [19], [20] and [29] should give an understanding of the essential members of the framed wall of a building, and their relations one to another.
Whether side walls shall be framed and raised before the rough or false floor of the first story is laid will depend upon the type of sill construction made use of. In laying off studs, joists, etc., a pattern is first framed. These patterns are afterward used in the building and are therefore counted in with the total number of pieces to be framed. To these patterns, stops and fences are attached near the two ends and at the middle, [Fig. 30.] The other studs or joists of similar dimensions are laid off one at a time by superimposing these patterns and marking about them with pencil, [Fig. 31.]
Fig. 31. Marking Joists from Pattern
Fig. 32-a. |
Fig. 32-b. |
Fig. 32-c. |
| Corner Post Types | ||
Ribband or ribbon boards and plates are laid off by placing them alongside the "lay-out" for the studs made upon the sills, and transcribing the marks to the ribband board and plate by means of try-square and pencil. Sometimes ribband boards and plates are laid off by measurement, as are sills.
Fig. 33. Corner Post Being Plumbed and Stayed