4. To Lay Out Hip or Valley Rafter.—
| a. | Plumb cut.—(Cf. column 7) = 49 deg. 50 min. |
| b. | Side cut.—(Cf. column 17) = 17 deg. 40 min. This also gives miter cut at end of hip tail for fascia, and also the miter cut of the bird's mouth joint of valley rafter, where it must be cut out to fit the angle of the plate. |
| c. | Length of hip or valley rafter.—(Cf. column 13) 10½ (run of common rafter) × 17.03" (length of octagon hip or valley per foot of run of common rafter) = 14' 10.82" = 14' 10⅞" (.82 = ⅞, columns 3 and 4). |
| d. | Seat cut.—(Cf. column 10) = 40 deg. 10 min. Use protractor and T-bevel. |
| e. | Tail for hip or valley rafter.— (1) Length. Determined as for hip or valley, horizontal projection of tail or length of lookout of common rafter becoming multiplier. (2) End cut. Use same number of degrees as for plumb cut of hip or valley. |
| f. | Backing of hip.—(Cf. column 22) = 74 deg. 50 min. |
| g. | Drop of hip when no backing is used.—(Cf. column 24) = 5/16". |
5. To Lay Out Jacks.—
| a. | Plumb cut.—Same as for common rafter. |
| b. | Side cut.—(Cf. column 15) = 17 deg. |
| c. | Length.—(Cf. column 20) = 12/5 that for square roof of same pitch. When set 16" centers = 12/5 × 21¾" = 52¼", common difference. Proceed accordingly. |
| d. | Tail for jack.—Same as for common rafter. |
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APPENDIX V
MISCELLANEOUS ESTIMATING
Excavations. Excavations are estimated in terms of the cubic yard, 27 cubic feet. The price per yard will vary according to the nature of the soil.
Where ground is not level, the plot should be divided into squares, each square being figured as to its cubical contents and the various amounts combined.
ANALYSIS OF COST FACTORS PER CUBIC YARD