Fig. 6.
In [Fig. 5], is shown a sectional drawing. Sectional drawings represent an object as it would appear if cut, with the part nearer the worker removed. Sections are indicated by “cross hatching,” the lines being equally spaced and drawn at an angle of 45 degrees.
Screws and nails are represented as in [Fig. 6].
Fig. 7.
3. Projection and Relation of Views.
—The names and the relative positions of three views are shown in [Fig. 7]. From these it will be seen (1) that the different views are arranged with reference to the front view, so that the part of a side view which is nearest the front view represents a part of the front of the object, (2) that the corresponding horizontal measurements of top and front views are alike, (3) that the corresponding vertical measurements of front and side views are alike, (4) that the corresponding vertical measurements of the top view and horizontal measurements of a side view are alike.
4. Letters and Figures.
—Letters are usually made freehand, light ruled lines at the top and bottom acting as guides. A simple style of letter and figure is shown in [Fig. 8]. They are placed in spaces that the proportion of the parts may the more readily be seen. They may be narrowed or widened by changing the width of the spaces, and shortened or lengthened by changing the height of the spacer.
