—A standard plane of the present time is shown in [Fig. 44]. The bottom of this plane is of iron. [Fig. 45] shows a plane with the same adjustments in which the bottom is of wood. Planes are made in different sizes. As certain lengths are more suitable for certain kinds of work they have been given distinguishing names such as jack-plane, smooth-plane, fore-plane, jointer. [Fig. 44] shows the jack-plane.

Fig. 44.

Fig. 45.

The two irons of the plane, the plane-iron or plane-bit, and the cap-iron are fastened together by means of a stout screw. [Fig. 46].

This cap-iron serves a double purpose. First: It stiffens the plane iron; second, it serves to bend and break the shaving and thereby prevent a splitting action in front of the cutting edge. This action would surely occur were the grain in the least unfavorable and the cap-iron not used. [Fig. 47].

  1. Plane-Iron.
  2. Cap-Iron.
  3. Plane-Iron Screw.
  4. Cap.
  5. Cap-Screw.
  6. Frog.
  7. “Y” Adjustment.
  8. Adjusting Nut.
  1. Lateral Adjustment.
  2. Frog Screw.
  3. Handle.
  4. Knob.
  5. Handle “Bolt & Nut”.
  6. Knob “Bolt & Nut”.
  7. Handle Screw.
  8. Bottom.