INTRODUCTION.
Care of Tools and Bench.
It is important that a beginner should become impressed with the importance of keeping his tools in the best condition. Good results can be obtained only when tools are kept sharp and clean, and used only for the purposes for which they are made. Tools properly sharpened and properly used permit one to work easily as well as accurately. When it becomes necessary for the worker to use undue strength because of the dullness of his tools, “troubles” begin to accumulate and the “pleasure of doing” is soon changed to despair.
Orderliness and carefulness, with knowledge and patience are sure to bring good results; just as a lack of them will bring failure.
The bench top must not be marked with pencil or scratched unnecessarily. Chisel boards are to protect the top from any accidental cuts and should always be used for that purpose. Bench tops that are scraped and shellaced or oiled every other year ought to remain in as good condition as when new except for the few accidental marks too deep to remove, which the thoughtless boy may have inflicted.
Good workers take pride in keeping their benches in good order. Tools that are not in immediate use should be placed in their racks that they may not be injured or cause injury to the worker. At the close of the period the bright parts of tools that have come in contact with perspiring hands should be wiped off with oily waste kept for that purpose. All tools should then be put away in their proper places and the top of the bench brushed clean.
The beginner should also understand that, important as are the results he may be able to produce in wood, more serious results are being produced in himself in the habits he is forming. Carefulness, neatness, accuracy, ability to economize in time and material, ability to “think” and “to do” because of the thinking, honesty, orderliness—these are some of the more important results that are oftentimes overlooked.
CONTENTS.
| Introduction. | ||
| Care of tools and bench | [3] | |
| PART I. | ||
| Tools and Elementary Processes. | ||
| Chapter I.—Laying-out Tools; Their Uses | [9] | |
| [1]. The rule; [2]. The try-square; [3]. The framing square; [4]. The bevel; [5]. The marking gage; [6]. The pencil gage; [7]. Splitting gage; [8]. The mortise gage; [9]. The Dividers; [10]. Pencil and knife. | ||
| Chapter II.—Saws | [20] | |
| [11]. Saws; [12]. The crosscut saw; [13]. The rip-saw; [14]. The back-saw; [15]. The turning saw; [16]. The compass saw; [17]. Saw filing. | ||
| Chapter III.—Planes | [28] | |
| [18]. Planes; [19]. Setting the blade; [20]. Adjustment of the iron; [21]. The jack-plane; [22]. The smooth-plane; [23]. The jointer; [24]. The block-plane; [25]. The wooden plane; [26]. Planing first surface true; [27]. Face side, face edge; [28]. Planing first edge square with face side; [29]. Finishing the second edge; [30]. Finishing the second side; [31]. Planing the first end square; [32]. Finishing the second end; [33]. End planing with the shooting board; [34]. Rules for planing to dimensions; [35]. Planing a chamfer. | ||
| Chapter IV.—Boring Tools | [46] | |
| [36]. Brace or bitstock; [37]. Center bit; [38]. The auger bit; [39]. The drill bit; The gimlet bit; [40]. Countersink bit; [41]. The screwdriver bit; [42]. The brad-awl; [43]. Positions while boring; [44]. Thru boring; [45]. Boring to depth. | ||
| Chapter V.—Chisels and Chiseling | [53] | |
| [46]. Chisels; [47]. Horizontal paring across the grain; [48]. Vertical paring; [49]. Oblique and curved line paring; [50]. Paring chamfers; [51]. The firmer gouge; [52]. Grinding beveled edge tools; [53]. Whetting beveled edge tools; [54]. Oilstones; [55]. Sharpening the chisel; [56]. Sharpening plane-irons; [57]. To tell whether a tool is sharp or not. | ||
| Chapter VI.—Form Work; Modeling | [65] | |
| [58]. Making a cylinder; [59]. The spokeshave; [60]. Making curved edges; [61]. Modeling. | ||
| Chapter VII.—[1]. Laying Out Duplicate Parts; [2]. Scraping and Sandpapering; [3]. Fastening Parts | [70] | |
| [62]. Laying out duplicate parts; [63]. Scraping; [64]. Sandpapering; [65]. Hammers; [66]. Nails; [67]. Nailing; [68]. Nailset; [69]. Withdrawing nails; [70]. The screwdriver; [71]. Screws; [72]. Fastening with screws; [73]. Glue; [74]. Clamps; [75]. Gluing. | ||
| PART II. | ||
| Simple Joinery. | ||
| Chapter VIII.—Type Forms | [84] | |
| [76]. Joinery; [77]. General directions for joinery; [78]. Dado; [79]. Directions for dado; [80]. Cross-lap joint; [81]. Directions for cross-lap joint, first method; [82]. Directions for cross-lap joint, second method; [83]. Glue joint; [84]. Directions for glue joint; [85]. Doweling; [86]. Directions for doweling; [87]. Keyed tenon-and-mortise; [88]. Directions for key; [89]. Directions for tenon; [90]. Directions for mortise; [91]. Directions for mortise in the tenon; [92]. Blind mortise-and-tenon; [93]. Directions for tenon; [94]. Directions for laying out mortise; [95]. Directions for cutting mortise, first method; [96]. Directions for cutting mortise, second method; [97]. Miter joint; [98]. Directions for miter joint; [99]. Dovetail joint; [100]. Directions for dovetail joint. | ||
| Chapter IX.—Elementary Cabinet Work | [105] | |
| [101]. Combination plane; [102]. Drawer construction; [103]. Directions for rabbeted corner; [104]. Directions for dovetail corner; [105]. Directions for drawer; [106]. Paneling; [107]. Cutting grooves; [108]. Haunched mortise-and-tenon; [109]. Rabbeting; [110]. Fitting a door; [111]. Hinging a door; [112]. Locks. | ||
| PART III. | ||
| Wood and Wood Finishing. | ||
| Chapter X.—Wood | [116] | |
| [113]. Structure; [114]. Growth; [115]. Respiration and transpiration; [116]. Moisture; [117]. Shrinkage; [118]. Weight; [119]. Other properties; [120]. Grain. | ||
| Chapter XI.—Lumbering and Milling | [126] | |
| [121]. Lumbering; [122]. Milling; [123]. Quarter sawing; [124]. Waste; [125]. Lumber transportation; [126]. Seasoning; [127]. Lumber terms and measurements. | ||
| Chapter XII.—Common Woods | [138] | |
| [128]. Classification. Coniferous woods; [129]. Cedar; [130]. Cypress; [131]. Pine; [132]. Spruce. Broad-leaved woods; [133]. Ash; [134]. Basswood; [135]. Birch; [136]. Butternut; [137]. Cherry; [138]. Chestnut; [139]. Elm; [140]. Gum; [141]. Hickory; [142]. Maple; [143]. Oak; [144]. Sycamore; [145]. Tulip wood; [146]. Walnut. | ||
| Chapter XIII.—Wood Finishing | [150] | |
| [147]. Wood finishes; [148]. Brushes; [149]. General directions for using brush; [150]. Fillers; [151]. Filling with paste filler; [152]. Stains; [153]. Waxing; [154]. Varnishes; [155]. Shellac; [156]. Shellac finishes; [157]. Oil or copal varnishes; [158]. Flowing copal varnish; [159]. Typical finishes for coarse-grained woods; [160]. Patching; [161]. Painting. | ||
| Appendix I.—Additional Joints | [164] | |
| Appendix II.—Wood Finishing Recipes | [171] | |
| [1]. Wax; [2]. Water stains; [3]. Oil stains; [4]. Spirit stains. | ||
| Appendix III.—Working Drawings | [173] | |
| [1]. Instruments; [2]. Conventions; [3]. Projection and relation of views; [4]. Letters and figures; [5]. Constructions; [6]. Order of procedure. | ||