Fig. 202.
Fig. 203.
Frequently, the fibers grow around the tree as in [Fig. 202], or several layers may grow obliquely in one direction and the next series grow obliquely in the opposite direction, [Fig. 203]. Boards cut from such trees will be cross grained or twisted.
The surface of the wood under the bark is seldom smooth. Usually these hollows are filled even by the addition of one or two new rings of growth. However, in some woods as maple, the unevennesses are maintained, the high places being added to as are the low. [Fig. 204]. A board cut tangentially from the tree in which the depressions are small and numerous will have “birds’ eyes”. Dormant buds frequently cause small cone-shaped elevations, which tho covered with successive layers of new wood, retain their shape. Cross sections of these cones will appear on the sawed board as irregular circles with a dark speck in the center.
Fig. 204.
Fig. 205.
FELLING RED SPRUCE WITH THE SAW. ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, NEW YORK.