Guided by these principles, we obtain the following table comprising all the householders of the class in question, in the district of Korotoyak:
| In the class. | In the district at large. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total households | 1999 | 20282 | ||
| Membership of an average household: | ||||
| Males and females | 10.1 | 7.3 | ||
| Adult male work | 2.1 | 1.7 | ||
| Half-workers | 0.6 | 0.4 | ||
| Landholding: | ||||
| Communal land (dessiatines)— | ||||
| a. To 1 adult male worker | 11.5 | 8.3 | ||
| b. To 1 household | 24.4 | 14.2 | ||
| Rented land, to 1 household (dessiatines) | 5.1 | 4.2 | ||
| Horses, to 1 household | 2.7 | 1.8 | ||
| Gross income from farming minus expenses, taxes, rent and wages paid: to 1 household, rubles | +2.09 | -26.97 | ||
| Households classified with regard to— | ||||
| Labor forces: | Per cent. | Per cent. | ||
| Having 1 adult male worker | 29 | 47 | ||
| Having 2 adult male workers | 41 | } 71 | 30 | } 49 |
| Having 3 adult male workers | 30 | 19 | ||
| Total | 100 | 96 | ||
| Landholding: | ||||
| Owning from 15 to 25 dessiatines | 72 | 25 | ||
| Owning above 25 dessiatines | 28 | 9 | ||
| Total | 100 | 34 | ||
| Tenants of rented land | 54 | 42 | ||
| Live stock: | ||||
| Keeping 2 horses | 45 | 33 | ||
| Keeping 3 horses | 38 | 16 | ||
| Keeping 4 or more horses | 17 | 7 | ||
| Total | 100 | 56 | ||
The class in question occupies the top of the village. It owes its economic independence to the fact that the majority of the households represent a co-operation of at least two adult male workers, assisted by half-workers, as well as to the favorable circumstance that the size of the farm exceeds by about one-half, relatively to the number of workers, the average in the district. The number of working horses is accordingly increased in the same ratio, three horses constituting about the average to a farm, while about one half of the households at large fall short of even the average two to a farm.
Another branch of the same class is formed by those householders with whom trade and commerce are as important a source of revenue as agriculture, as shown by the balance below:
DISTRICT OF KOROTOYAK.
| Items. | Households, or concerns. | Receipts. Rubles. | Expenses. Rubles. | Balance. Rubles. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross income from sale of produce | 1366 | 211237 | ||
| Taxes | 48626 | |||
| Rent | 79550 | |||
| Wages paid | 16113 | |||
| All to farming | 211237 | 144289 | +66948 | |
| Gross income from trade and commerce | 1384 | 230527 | ||
| Expenses of housekeeping | 171705 | |||
| All to trade and commerce | 230527 | 171705 | +58822 | |
| Total | 1366 | 441864 | 315994 | +125770 |
| Net profit to 1 household | 9207 |
The net profit drawn from trade and commerce enables these householders to enlarge their farming, with the exception of a very small minority who have devoted themselves entirely to trade, and do not turn to farming.[116] The economic level of this section is shown in the following table:
| Class I., D. of Korotoyak. | Average size of a farm, dessiatines. | Land rented (by 1 household) dessiatines. | Tenants (in every 100 households). |
|---|---|---|---|
| Farmers merely | 24.4 | 5.1 | 54 |
| Traders | 21.9 | 11.4 | 73 |
| In the district at large | 14.2 | 4.2 | 42 |