The Economics of the Russian Village

by Isaac A. Hourwich

Classes.	Zadonsk.		Korotoyak.		Nizhnedevitsk.
	Households.	Per cent.	Households.	Per cent.	Households.	Per cent.
Employers	609	4	829	4	1067	5
Employees (farm laborers engaged yearly or per season)	2733	17	1891	9	2313	12
Total peasant population	15704	100	20282	100	20072	100

[115] Households with 2 and those with 3 horses are counted together in the tables; yet given the number of horses, the membership of every group, is found by solving two equations with two unknown quantities.

[116] There are, all told, 103 households of traders who do not work on their farm, i. e., 8 per cent. of all the traders, or 0.5 per cent. of the total peasant population of the district of Korotoyak.

[117] We find among the traders a large minority whose farms do not exceed the average; still the lack of communal land is made up by the greater development of tenure, as shown in the following table:

D. of Korotoyak.	Total.		Tenants.		Rented land to 1 household upon an average (dessiatines).
	Households.	Per cent.	Households.	Per cent.
Traders owning from 1 to 5 dessiatines	59	5	48	81	5.9
” ” ” 5 to 15 ”	444	35	311	70	8.6
” ” ” 15 to 25 ”	392	31	288	73	9.7
” ” above 25 ”	370	29	271	73	17.3
Total	1265	100	918	73	11.4

[118]

Households.	Farmers merely. Per cent.	Traders. Per cent.
Without adult male workers	..	3
With 1 adult male worker	29	24
With 2 adult male workers	40	33
With 3 or more adult male workers	31	40
Total	100	100

[119]

Classes (in the District of Korotoyak).	Employing farmers.		Laborers employed.
	Households.	Rate within the class (per cent.).	Per cent.		To 1 household.
Traders	296	22	43	} 59	1.5
Mere farmers	161	8	16		1
In all the rest of the district	372	2	41		1.1
Total	829	4	100		1.3

[120]