[VII]
JUNE
The star-groups that occupy the center of the celestial stage in mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere during the early evening hours of June are Boötes, often called The Hunter, (although the word means Herdsman or Shouter), which will be found overhead at this time; Virgo, The Maiden, largest of the zodiacal constellations, lying nearly due south; Canes Venatici, The Hunting Dogs; Corona Borealis, The Northern Crown, and Coma Berenices.
The gorgeous orange-hued Arcturus in Boötes and the beautiful bluish-white Spica in Virgo, like a diamond in its sparkling radiance, form with Denebola in Leo, which we identified in May, a huge equal-sided triangle that is always associated with the spring and early summer months.
To the west of Boötes, below the handle of the Big Dipper, is a region where there are few conspicuous stars. Here will be found Canes Venatici (The Hunting Dogs with which Boötes is supposed to be pursuing the Great Bear around the north pole), and, further south, Coma Berenices (Bernice's Hair).
The brighter of the two Hunting Dogs, which is also the brightest star in the entire region covered by these two constellations, appears as a beautiful blue-and-yellow double star in the telescope. It was named Cor Caroli (Heart of Charles) by the astronomer Halley in honor of Charles II of England, at the suggestion of the court physician, who imagined it shone more brightly than usual the night before the return of Charles to London. Of more interest to astronomers is the magnificent spiral nebula in this constellation, known as the "Whirlpool Nebula," appearing as a faint, luminous patch in the sky, of which many photographs have been taken with the great telescopes. This entire region, from Canes Venatici to Virgo, abounds in faint spiral nebulæ that for some reason not yet understood by astronomers are crowded together in this part of the heavens where stars are comparatively few. It is believed that there are between five hundred thousand and a million of these spiral nebulæ in the entire heavens, and the problem of their nature and origin and distance is one that the astronomers are very anxious to solve. Many wonderful facts are now being learned concerning these faint nebulous wisps of light which, with a few exceptions, are observable only with great telescopes. They reveal their spiral structure more clearly to the photographic plate than to the human eye, and some magnificent photographs of them have been taken with powerful telescopes.
Coma Berenices, south of Canes Venatici and southwest of Boötes, is a constellation that consists of a great number of stars closely crowded together, and just barely visible to the unaided eye. As a result, it has the appearance of filmy threads of light, which doubtless suggested its name to the imaginative ancients, who loved to fill the heavens with fanciful creations associated with their myths and legends. These stars form a moving cluster of stars estimated to be at a distance of about 270 light-years from the solar systems.
June—Boötes, Canes Venatici and Coma Berenicis