CONTENTS
| [PART I] | ||
| HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | ||
| CHAPTER | PAGE | |
| [I.] | The Regions of Peru | [1] |
| [II.] | The Rapids and Canyons of the Urubamba | [8] |
| [III.] | The Rubber Forests | [22] |
| [IV.] | The Forest Indians | [36] |
| [V.] | The Country of the Shepherds | [46] |
| [VI.] | The Border Valleys of the Eastern Andes | [68] |
| [VII.] | The Geographic Basis of Revolutions and of HumanCharacter in the Peruvian Andes | [88] |
| [VIII.] | The Coastal Desert | [110] |
| [IX.] | Climatology of the Peruvian Andes | [121] |
| [X.] | Meteorological Records From the Peruvian Andes | [157] |
| [PART II] | ||
| PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE PERUVIAN ANDES | ||
| [XI.] | The Peruvian Landscape | [183] |
| [XII.] | The Western Andes: the Maritime Cordillera Or Cordillera Occidental | [199] |
| [XIII.] | The Eastern Andes: The Cordillera Vilcapampa | [204] |
| [XIV.] | The Coastal Terraces | [225] |
| [XV.] | Physiographic and Geologic Development | [233] |
| [XVI.] | Glacial Features | [274] |
| [Appendix A.] Survey Methods Employed in the Construction ofthe Seven Accompanying Topographic Sheets | [315] | |
| [Appendix B.] Fossil Determinations | [321] | |
| [Appendix C.] Key to Place Names | [324] | |
| [Index] | [327] | |
| TOPOGRAPHIC SHEETS | ||
| Camaná Quadrangle | [114] | |
| Aplao " | [120] | |
| Coropuna " | [188] | |
| Cotahuasi " | [192] | |
| La Cumbre " | [202] | |
| Antabamba " | [282] | |
| Lambrama " | [304] | |
PART I
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER I
THE REGIONS OF PERU
LET four Peruvians begin this book by telling what manner of country they live in. Their ideas are provincial and they have a fondness for exaggerated description: but, for all that, they will reveal much that is true because they will at least reveal themselves. Their opinions reflect both the spirit of the toiler on the land and the outlook of the merchant in the town in relation to geography and national problems. Their names do not matter; let them stand for the four human regions of Peru, for they are in many respects typical men.
The Forest Dweller
One of them I met at a rubber station on the lower Urubamba River.[1] He helped secure my canoe, escorted me hospitably to his hut, set food and drink before me, and talked of the tropical forest, the rubber business, the Indians, the rivers, and the trails. In his opinion Peru was a land of great forest resources. Moreover, the fertile plains along the river margins might become the sites of rich plantations. The rivers had many fish and his garden needed only a little cultivation to produce an abundance of food. Fruit trees grew on every hand. He had recently married the daughter of an Indian chief.
Formerly he had been a missionary at a rubber station on the Madre de Dios, where the life was hard and narrow, and he doubted if there were any real converts. Himself the son of an Englishman and a Chilean woman, he found, so he said, that a missionary’s life in the rubber forest was intolerable for more than a few years. Yet he had no fault to find with the religious system of which he had once formed a part; in fact he had still a certain curious mixed loyalty to it. Before I left he gave me a photograph of himself and said with little pride and more sadness that perhaps I would remember him as a man that had done some good in the world along with much that might have been better.