The Heavens Above: A Popular Handbook of Astronomy

by J. A. Gillet; W. J. Rolfe

INDEX

• A.
• Aberration of light, [38].
• Aerolites, [304].
• Aldebaran, star in Taurus, [340], [342].
• Algol, a variable star, [343], [358].
• Almanac, perpetual, [82].
• Alps, lunar mountains, [126].
• Altair, star in Aquila, [336].
• Alt-azimuth instrument, [13].
• Altitude, [12].
• Andromeda (constellation), [343], [346].
  • nebula in, [376].
• Angström's map of spectrum, [164].
• Antares, star in Scorpio, [347].
• Apennines, lunar mountains, [122], [124].
• Aphelion, [47].
• Apogee, [44].
• Aquarius, or the Water-Bearer, [350].
  • cluster in, [354].
• Aquila, or the Eagle, [336].
• Arcturus, star in Boötes, [335], [365], [370].
• Argo, or the Ship, [360].
  • nebula in, [383].
  • variable star in, [360].
• Aries, or the Ram, [350].
• Asteroids, [223], [241].
• Astræa, an asteroid, [241].
• Auriga, or the Wagoner, [342].
• Azimuth, [13].
• B.
• Betelgeuse, star in Orion, [340], [370].
• Berenice's Hair (constellation), [334].
• Bode's law, [241].
  • disproved, [273].
• Boötes (constellation), [334], [335].
• C.
• Calendar, the, [80].
• Callisto, moon of Jupiter, [250].
• Cancer, or the Crab, [350].
  • tropic of, [61].
• Canes Venatici, or the Hunting-Dogs, [334].
• Canes Venatici, nebula in, [384].
• Canis Major, or the Great Dog, [342].
• Canis Minor, or the Little Dog, [340].
• Capella, star in Auriga, [340], [343].
• Capricorn, tropic of, [61].
• Capricornus, or the Goat, [350].
• Cassiopeia (constellation), [332].
  • new star in, [362].
• Castor, star in Gemini, [340], [370].
• Caucasus, a lunar range, [124].
• Centaurus, star-cluster in, [355].
• Cepheus (constellation), [334].
  • nebula in, [387].
• Ceres, the planet, [241].
• Cetus, or the Whale, [346].
  • variable star in, [359].
• Charles's Wain, [330].
• Circles, great, [4].
  • diurnal, [8].
  • hour, [16].
  • small, [4].
  • vertical, [12].
• Clock, astronomical, [18].
  • time, [78].
• Coma Berenices, or Berenice's Hair, [334].
• Comet, Biela's, [293].
  • and earth, collision of, [316].
  • Coggia's, [297].
  • Donati's, [296].
  • Encke's, [293].
  • Halley's, [291].
  • of 1680, [290].
  • of 1811, [290].
  • of 1843, [295].
  • of 1861, [297].
  • of June, 1881, [300].
• Comets, appearance of, [274].
  • and meteors, [313].
  • bright, [274].
  • chemical constitution of, [318].
  • development of, [277].
  • number of, [288].
  • orbits of, [282].
  • origin of, [287].
  • periodic, [286].
  • physical constitution of, [314].
  • tails of, [279].
  • telescopic, [275], [281].
  • visibility of, [281].
• Conic sections, [48].
• Conjunction, [91].
  • inferior, [130].
  • superior, [130], [136].
• Constellations, [325].
  • zodiacal, [32].
• Copernican system, the, [44], [53].
• Copernicus, a lunar crater, [120], [129].
• Corona Borealis, or the Northern Crown, [336].
• Corona Borealis, new star in, [363].
• Corvus, or the Crow, [339].
• Crystalline spheres, [41].
• Cycles and epicycles, [42].
• Cygnus, or the Swan, [338].
• D.
• Day and night, [57].
  • civil, [77].
  • lunar, [108].
  • sidereal, [74].
  • solar, [74].
• Declination, [16].
• Deimos, satellite of Mars, [239].
• Delphinus, or the Dolphin, [338].
• Deneb, star in Cygnus, [338], [370].
• Dione, satellite of Saturn, [259].
• Dipper, the Great, [330], [366], [369], [370].
  • the Little, [331].
  • the Milk, [347].
• Dissociation, [163].
• Dominical Letter, the, [81].
• Draco, or the Dragon, [331].
• E.
• Earth, density of, [85].
  • flattened at poles, [55].
  • form of, [53].
  • in space, [56].
  • seen from moon, [109].
  • size of, [55].
  • weight of, [83].
• Eccentric, the [43].
• Eccentricity, [46].
• Eclipses, [210].
  • annular, [219].
  • lunar, [210], [214].
  • solar, [216].
• Ecliptic, the, [27].
  • obliquity of, [28].
• Ellipse, the, [45], [49].
• Elongation, of planet, [130].
• Enceladus, moon of Saturn, [259].
• Epicycles, [42].
• Epicycloid, [107].
• Epsilon Lyræ, a double star, [356].
• Equator, the celestial, [7].
• Equinoctial, the, [7].
  • colure, [16].
  • elevation of, [9].
• Equinox, autumnal, [29].
  • vernal, [16], [29].
• Equinoxes, precession of, [31], [85].
• Eta Argus, a variable star, [360], [383].
• Europa, moon of Jupiter, [250].
• F.
• Faculæ, solar, [177].
• Fomalhaut, star in Southern Fish, [350].
• Fraunhofer's lines, [164], [371].
• G.
• Galaxy, the, [326].
• Ganymede, moon of Jupiter, [250].
• Gemini, or the Twins, [340].
• Georgium Sidus, [271].
• H.
• Hercules (constellation), [336].
  • cluster in, [353].
  • orbit of double star in, [357].
  • solar system moving towards, [367].
• Herschel, the planet (see [Uranus]).
• Herschel's hypothesis, [392], [396].
• Horizon, the, [5].
• Hyades, the, [342], [350].
• Hydra, or the Water-Snake, [340].
• Hyperbola, the, [49].
• Hyperion, moon of Saturn, [259].
• I.
• Io, moon of Jupiter, [250].
• Irradiation, [90], [113].
• J.
• Japetus, moon of Saturn, [259].
• Job's Coffin (asterism), [338].
• Juno, the planet, [241].
• Jupiter, apparent size of, [245].
  • distance of, [245].
  • great red spot of, [249].
  • orbit of, [244].
  • periods of, [246].
  • physical constitution of, [246].
  • rotation of, [248].
  • satellites of, [250].
    • eclipses of, [252].
    • transits of, [254].
  • volume of, [245].
  • without satellites, [255].
• K.
• Kant's hypothesis, [391].
• Kepler, a lunar crater, [129].
• Kepler's system, [44].
  • laws, [46].
  • star, [362].
• Kirchhoff's map of spectrum, [164].
• L.
• Laplace's hypothesis, [392].
• Latitude, celestial, [30].
• Leap year, [81].
• Leo, or the Lion, [334].
• Leonids (meteors), [312].
• Libra, or the Balances, [347].
• Libration, [102].
• Longitude, celestial, [30].
• Lyra, or the Lyre, [338].
  • double star in, [356].
• M.
• Magellanic clouds, the, [389].
• Magnetic storms, [190].
• Magnetism and sun-spots, [190].
• Mars, apparent size of, [236].
  • brilliancy of, [237].
  • distance of, [235].
  • orbit of, [235].
  • periods of, [237].
  • rotation of, [239].
  • satellites of, [239].
  • volume of, [236].
• Mercury, apparent size of, [226].
  • atmosphere of, [228].
  • distance of, [225].
  • elongation of, [227].
  • orbit of, [225].
  • periods of, [227].
  • volume of, [226].
• Meridian, the, [12].
• Meridian circle, [17].
• Meridians, celestial, [31].
• Meteoric iron, [305], [307].
  • showers, [310].
  • stones, [305].
• Meteors, [300].
  • August, [311].
  • light of, [309].
  • November, [312].
  • sporadic, [310].
• Meteoroids, [308].
• Micrometers, [20], [153].
• Milky-Way, the, [326].
• Mimas, moon of Saturn, [259].
• Mira, a variable star, [359].
• Moon, apparent size of, [87], [89].
  • aspects of, [91].
  • atmosphere of, [109].
  • chasms in, [123].
  • craters in, [119].
  • day of, [108].
  • distance of, [86].
  • eclipses of, [210].
  • form of orbit, [97].
  • harvest, [101].
  • hunter's, [102].
  • inclination of orbit, [97].
  • kept in her path by gravity, [51].
  • librations of, [102].
  • mass of, [90].
  • meridian altitude of, [98].
  • mountains of, [116].
  • orbital motion of, [91].
  • phases of, [93].
  • real size of, [88].
  • rising of, [99].
  • rotation of, [102].
  • sidereal period of, [92].
  • surface of, [115].
  • synodical period of, [92].
  • terminator of, [115].
  • wet and dry, [98].
• N.
• Nadir, the, [6].
• Neap-tides, [72].
• Nebula, in Andromeda, [376].
  • crab, [376].
  • dumb-bell, [383].
  • in Argus, [383].
  • in Canes Venatici, [384].
  • in Cepheus, [387].
  • in Orion, [378].
  • in the Triangle, [387].
  • in Ursa Major, [386].
• Nebulæ, [281], [330], [373].
  • annular, [373].
  • circular, [373].
  • condensation of, [385].
  • double, [375].
  • elliptical, [373].
  • irregular, [376].
  • multiple, [375].
  • spiral, [373], [384].
• Nebular hypothesis, the, [391].
• Neptune, discovery of, [271].
  • orbit of, [271].
  • satellite of, [274].
• New style, [80].
• Newcomb's theory of the stellar universe, [398].
• Newton's system, [48].
• Nodes, [97].
• Nubecula, Major, [389].
  • Minor, [389].
• Nutation, [34].
• O.
• Olbers's hypothesis, [241].
• Old style, [80].
• Ophiuchus (constellation), [347].
  • new star in, [362].
• Opposition, [91], [136].
• Orion, [341].
  • nebula in, [378].
  • the trapezium of, [356].
• P.
• Pallas, the planet, [241].
• Parabola, the, [49].
• Parallax, [37].
• Pegasus (constellation), [343], [346].
  • triple star in, [356].
• Perigee, [44].
• Perihelion, [47].
• Perseids (meteors), [311].
• Perseus (constellation), [346].
  • cluster in, [353].
• Phobos, satellite of Mars, [239].
• Pico, a lunar mountain, [127].
• Pisces, or the Fishes, [350].
• Piscis Australis, or the Southern Fish, [350].
• Planets, [39].
  • inferior, [130].
    • periods of, [132].
    • phases of, [132].
  • inner group of, [221].
  • intra-Mercurial, [230].
  • minor, [223].
  • outer group of, [222], [244].
  • superior, [134].
    • motion of, [134].
    • periods of, [137].
    • phases of, [137].
  • three groups of, [221].
• Pleiades, the, [328], [342], [351].
• Pointers, the, [330].
• Polar distance, [16].
• Pole Star, the, [7], [330], [365].
• Poles, celestial, [7], [9].
• Pollux, star in Gemini, [340], [370].
• Præsepe, or the Beehive, [350].
• Precession of equinoxes, [31], [85].
• Prime vertical, the, [12].
• Proctor's theory of the stellar universe, [398].
• Procyon, star in Canis Minor, [340].
• Ptolemaic system, the, [41].
• Q.
• Quadrature, [91], [137].
• R.
• Radiant point (meteors), [310].
• Radius vector, [47].
• Refraction, [35].
• Regulus, star in Leo, [334], [370].
• Rhea, moon of Saturn, [259].
• Rigel, star in Orion, [340], [370].
• Right ascension, [16].
• S.
• Sagittarius, or the Archer, [347].
• Saturn, apparent size of, [256].
  • distance of, [256].
  • orbit of, [255].
  • periods of, [256].
  • physical constitution of, [257].
  • ring of, [261].
    • changes in, [268].
    • constitution of, [269].
    • phases of, [263].
  • rotation of, [258].
  • satellites of, [259].
  • volume of, [256].
• Scorpio, or the Scorpion, [347].
  • cluster in, [355].
• Seasons, the, [64].
• Sirius, the Dog-Star, [340], [342], [365], [370], [371].
• Solar system, the, [41].
• Solstices, [29], [59], [60].
• Sound, effect of motion on, [168].
• Spectra, bright-lined, [158].
  • comparison of, [154].
  • continuous, [158].
  • displacement of lines in, [171].
  • of comets, [318].
  • reversed, [161].
  • sun-spot, [193].
  • types of stellar, [371].
• Spectroscope, the, [152].
  • diffraction, [157].
  • direct-vision, [155].
  • dispersion, [152].
• Spectrum analysis, [159].
  • solar, [164].
• Sphere, defined, [3].
  • the celestial, [5].
    • rotation of, [7].
• Spring-tides, [72].
• Stars, circumpolar, [7].
  • clusters of, [328], [350].
  • color of, [357].
  • constellations of, [325].
  • constitution of, [371].
  • distance of, [364].
  • double, [355].
  • drift of, [368].
  • four sets of, [10].
  • magnitude of, [322].
  • motion of, in line of sight, [369].
  • multiple, [356].
  • names of, [325].
  • nebulous, [373].
  • new, [361].
  • number of, [323].
  • parallax of, [364].
  • proper motion of, [365].
  • secular displacement of, [366].
  • temporary, [361].
  • variable, [358].
• Sun, atmosphere of, [149].
  • brightness of, [151].
  • chemical constitution of, [164].
  • chromosphere of, [149], [196].
  • corona of, [149], [196], [204].
  • distance of, [142].
  • faculæ of, [177].
  • heat radiated by, [150].
  • inclination of axis of, [187].
  • mass of, [140].
  • motion of, among the stars, [26].
    • at surface of, [168].
    • in atmosphere of, [172].
    • secular, [366].
  • photosphere of, [149], [175].
  • prominences of, [149], [197].
  • rotation of, [186].
  • spectrum of, [164], [171].
  • temperature of, [149].
  • volume of, [140].
  • winds on, [174].
• Sun-spots, [179].
  • and magnetism, [190].
  • birth and decay of, [185].
  • cause of, [194].
  • cyclonic motion in, [182].
  • distribution of, [188].
  • duration of, [181].
  • groups of, [181].
  • periodicity of, [189].
  • proper motion of, [187].
  • size of, [181].
  • spectrum of, [193].
• T.
• Taurus, or the Bull, [342].
  • quadruple star in, [356].
• Telescope, Cassegrainian, [23].
  • equatorial, [19].
  • front-view, [22].
  • Gregorian, [23].
  • Herschelian, [22].
  • Lord Rosse's, [25].
  • Melbourne, [25].
  • Newall, [20].
  • Newtonian, [22].
  • Paris, [26].
  • reflecting, [21].
  • Washington, [20].
  • Vienna, [20].
• Telespectroscope, the, [155].
• Telluric lines of spectrum, [165].
• Tethys, moon of Saturn, [259].
• Tides, [67].
• Time, clock, [78].
  • sun, [78].
• Titan, moon of Saturn, [259], [261].
• Toucan, star cluster in, [354], [389].
• Transit instrument, [17].
• Transits of Venus, [145].
• Triesneker, lunar formation, [123].
• Tropics, [61].
• Twilight, [62].
• Tycho Brahe's star, [361].
  • system, [44].
• Tycho, a lunar crater, [129].
• U.
• Universe, structure of the stellar, [396].
• Uranus, discovery of, [271].
  • name of, [270].
  • orbit of, [269].
  • satellites of, [271].
• Ursa Major, or the Great Bear, [330].
  • nebula in, [386].
• Ursa Minor, or the Little Bear, [330].
• V.
• Vega, star in Lyra, [336], [365], [370].
• Venus, apparent size of, [231].
  • atmosphere of, [234].
  • brilliancy of, [232].
  • distance of, [231].
  • elongation of, [231].
  • orbit of, [230].
  • periods of, [232].
  • volume of, [231].
  • transits of, [145], [234].
• Vernier, the, [15].
• Virgo, or the Virgin, [338].
• Vesta, the planet, [241].
• Vulcan, the planet, [230].
• Y.
• Year, the, [78].
  • anomalistic, [79].
  • Julian, [80].
  • sidereal, [79].
  • tropical, [79].
• Z.
• Zenith, the, [6].
  • distance, [12].
• Zodiac, the, [32].
• Zodiacal constellations, [32].
  • light, [318].
• Zones, [61].

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Transcriber's Note:

Missing or obscured punctuation was corrected.

Typographical errors were silently corrected.

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