Mr. Cordeaux has already shown to us the apparently abnormal statistics on the south coast of England, birds crossing towards England and flying north-west all through the migratory season between August 16th and December. I am inclined to look upon these data as indications of the wide-spread waves of the general migration, extending both farther north and farther south. According to the amount of pressure at the starting-points [or possibly the increased area northward occupied in a particularly fine nesting season, as in 1880] will the wideness of the area be which is passed over by the migratory flocks. I think the rules known to apply in the dispersal and extension of range of species are, in some respects, applicable also to the greater and more extensive waves of migration.

I could say more regarding the peculiarity of nesting sites being occupied year after year by the same pairs of birds, or of well-known sites being vacated for a few seasons, and again occupied; or I might dilate upon some curious statistics of the continuous recurrence of foreign species at the same localities, or along the same line of country, but I fear to occupy space with theory only, until we have a larger accumulation of solid material.

As regards severity of weather apart from winds, unusually early winter was reported from Scandinavia, it having begun there in October (vide 'Field,' Oct. 16th, 1880, p. 590).

Attention should be drawn also to the admirable work being done on the subject of migration by Mr. J. J. Dalgleish (Bull. Nuttall. Orn. Club), and by Mr. Percy E. Freke (Sc. Proc. Ryl. Dub. Soc, vol. ii., n. s., p. 373, and vol. iii., n. s., separate?). These gentlemen also now propose to colour, or have already finished, maps showing the distribution of the occurrences of American birds in Europe recorded in their papers, which cannot fail to be of much service in our work. We would like to see not only American species mapped out in Europe, but rare European occurrences in Great Britain.

Finally, in endeavouring to arrive at conclusions regarding the causes of migrational phenomena in 1880, we have taken into consideration—1st. The value of the heights of lanterns above the sea, as against the colour and intensity of lights in 1879; and we have taken more account of the vertical area of birds' flight in 1880 than in 1879. 2ndly. We have compared the effects of prevailing north-west winds in 1879 pressing laterally upon the lines of migration to those of 1880, which being easterly and north-easterly have had the contrary effect of spreading out the migration again, or at least has not deflected it to the same extent; and also, the effect of causing birds to migrate at greater elevations, and, where the gales have been most severe, to bear them away above the range of vision and carry vast numbers out to sea, until, weary and exhausted, they have ceased to be able to guide themselves, and again, involuntarily, lowered, to be picked up senseless and stunned on board the ships, or to perish in thousands in the ocean. And lastly we have hinted at the wideness of the migratory waves depending upon the pressure at the starting-points, or upon the larger north and south area occupied in the breeding-season of 1880, besides some other minor details.

WEST COAST OF ENGLAND.

Forms of enquiry and letters of instruction were sent to thirty-nine lighthouses and light-vessels on the west coast of England; from twenty-nine returns have been received; from five, letters mentioning the scarcity of birds.

The following are the stations from which co-operation was asked, commencing with the most northerly. Returns have been received from those marked with an *, and from those marked with a † letters without returns:—

110.†St. Bees: on the Head, L.H. Fixed; visible 25 miles. Robert Pizey.
111.*Morecambe Bay, L.V.; revolving red light, flash every 30 seconds. Fog signal, one blast every 2 minutes. Henry Clavell.
112.*Air, L.H.; on the Point. Fixed, visible 9 miles, white, except over West Hoyle Bank, between the bearings of S.E. 1/4 S. and W. 3/4 S., where it shows red. C. H. Aveston.
113.Menai, L.H.; on Trwyn du Point. Fixed, red; visible 9 miles. Bell in fog; three times in quick succession every 15 seconds.
114.*Skerries, L.H.; Highest Island. Fixed, visible 16 miles. Fog signal, one blast every 3 minutes. J. Garrett.
115.*Holyhead Breakwater, L.H.; 66-1/2 feet above high water. Red; flashes every 7-1/2 seconds; visible 13 miles. Appears as a fixed red light at a distance of 3 or 4 miles. Bell in fog (three times in quick succession) every 15 seconds. Fog horn nearly continuous when mail packets passing into harbour. Richard Prichard.
116.*North Stack, Fog Horn Station, L.H. Bell sounded during fog; small white light revolving in 1-1/2 min., occasionally shown 40 feet above sea and 30 yards N. of S. Stack L.H. Gun fired every 10 minutes during fog when mail packets approaching. John Harvey, gunner.
117.*South Stack, L.H.; on S. Stack rock off N.W. point of Holyhead Island; revolving every minute; visible 20 miles. W. R. Burgess.
118.*St. Judwall, L.H., 151 feet above high water, occulting, light of 8 seconds duration, followed by eclipse of 2 seconds, white and red; also a fixed red light (not occulting) from a window 16 feet below the high light. William Davies.
119.*Caernarvon Bay, L.V.; revolving with white and red flashes at intervals of 20 seconds, in order of two white and one red; visible 10 miles. Fog signal, one blast every 2 minutes. W. Bowen.
120.*Bardsey, L.H. Fixed; visible 17 miles. Fog syren one blast every 5 minutes. Thomas Bowen.
121.Cardigan Bay, L.V. Red; revolving every 30 seconds; visible 10 miles going in.
122.Bull Point, L.H. White triple flashes. Fog signal, three blasts quickly every 2 minutes. George Knott.
123.*South Bishop, L.H.; revolving every 20 seconds; visible 18 miles. Gong in fog. John White.
124.*Smalls, L.H. Fixed, white; visible 17 miles. Bell sounded during foggy weather, and a rocket every half hour. W. Boulton.
125.*Great Castle Head, L.H. (2). Fixed, white, 112 and 76 feet above high water.
126.*Milford (Low), L.H. Fixed, red. G. Baker.
127.Milford (High), L.H. Fixed, red, 48 feet above sea.
128.*Caldy, L.H., S. of Island. Fixed; visible 20 miles; bright to seaward, red in direction of Old Castle Head and Woolhouse Shoal. W. Ebben, P. K.
129.*Helwick, L.V.; revolving every minute; visible 10 miles. Fog horn, blasts of 5 seconds duration at regular intervals of 2 minutes. Thomas Cornell, mate.
130.*Scarweather, L.V.; revolving red, three times a minute, 38 feet above level of sea; visible 10 miles. Fog syren, two blasts quickly every 2 minutes. Henry Jenkins.
131.*Nash (Lower W.), L.H. Fixed; visible 17 miles. John Richards.
132.*Nash (E. or high), L.H. Fixed; visible 19 miles; red. Hy. Nicholas.
133.Breaksea, L.V. Flashing every 15 seconds; 38 feet above sea; fixed red light at a lower elevation. Gong in fog.
134.*Flatholm, L.H., S. point of Island. Fixed; visible 18 miles. W. Dale, P. K.
135.*Usk, L.H., W. side of entrance to river. Fixed; visible 11 miles; white and red. Amos Russell.
136.†Avon, L.H.. E. of entrance. Fixed; visible 13 miles; white seaward. William Taylor.
137.*Burnham, L.H. (2). Upper intermittent; visible 15 miles. Lower, fixed; visible 9 miles. William Lewis.
138.*Bideford, L.H. (2). Low light visible from half-flood to half-ebb, 14 and 11 miles. Leading lights for crossing the Bar. Edward Roberts.
139.Lundy Fog Gun Station. During fog and thick weather, rocket every 10 minutes; explodes at height of 600 feet. John Morgan.
140.*Lundy, L.H., 1/2 mile from S. end of Island (2), in one tower. Upper visible 30 miles, revolving every 2 minutes. Low light fixed, only visible between bearings of S. by E. and N.E. James Parsons.
141.†Hartland Point, L.H., 120 feet above high water; revolving, 30 seconds, two white and one red. Fog signal, blasts of 5 seconds duration every 2 minutes. John Griffiths.
142.†Trevose Head, L.H., on N.W. extremity (2). Fixed; visible 20 and 17 miles. W. Bowen.
143.*Godrevy, L.H. Flashing every 10 seconds; visible 15 miles. A fixed red light in same tower, 27 feet below flashing light; visible from S. by E. to S.E. Richard Trahair.
144.*Bishop Rock, L.H., on S. W. Rock. Scilly. Fixed; visible 16 miles. Bell in fog every 10 seconds.
145.*Scilly, L.H., St. Agnes, on summit of Island; revolving every half-minute; visible 17 miles. E. L. Davis.
146.*Sevenstones, L.V. White, revolving. Syren fog signal, three blasts quickly every 2 minutes. Daniel Norton.
147.*Longships, L.H., on highest rock off Land's End. Fixed; visible 16 miles. Bell in foggy weather. William Jones.
148.†Wolfrock, L.H., 8 miles S.S.W of Land's End, 110 feet above high-water mark; revolving alternate flashes of red and white; visible 16 miles. In fog a bell. W. D. Crask.

To the Elder Brethren at Trinity House our thanks are due for their kind permission to make use of the light stations for taking observations; and to the Trinity Superintendents, Mr. Davison (Holyhead), Mr. Evans (Weyland), and Mr. Tregarthen (Penzance), we are obliged for willing assistance.