[154] Boutmy, Studies in Constitutional Law, pp. 98-99.

[155] Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties, Vol. I, p. 20.

[156] Federalist, No. 10.

[157] For a discussion of the causes of present-day corruption, see an article by Professor Edward A. Ross in The Independent, July 19, 1906, on "Political Decay: An Interpretation."

[158] In the enabling acts for the admission of Nebraska and Nevada (1864), Colorado (1875), North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington (1889), and Utah (1896), we find the provision that the state constitution shall not be repugnant to the Constitution of the United States and the principles of the Declaration of Independence.

[159] See Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. VI, p. 469.

[160] Goodnow, Municipal Home Rule, p. 20.

[161] Municipal Problems, p. 9.

[162] Goodnow, Municipal Home Rule, p. 23.

[163] Goodnow, Municipal Home Rule, pp. 24-26.