Page.
1.[Frontispiece]—Pons Ælii restored.
The site of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the Pons Ælii of the Romans, is here shewn. The ground on which it stands, rising abruptly from the bed of the river Tyne, to the height of about an hundred feet, is cut into three very remarkable tongues of land by four ravines, permeated by as many streams, which all disembogue in the Tyne. The easternmost and largest of these tongues of land is that formed by the Ouseburn and Pandon-dean; the smallest by Pandon-dean and the Lort-burn; and the westernmost, wheron stands the castle, and formerly the Roman station, by the Lort-burn and Skinner-burn. Extensive suburbs probably occupied all these eminences.
2.[Title]—Modern Buildings on the site of Pons Ælii.
The Norman keep of the Castle of Newcastle-upon-Tyne; the Church of St. Nicholas; and the court-house for the county of Northumberland, built upon the site of the south-east corner of the station of Pons Ælii.
3.Plan of the course of the Roman Wallfacing [1]
PART I.—AN EPITOME OF THE HISTORY OF ROMAN OCCUPATION IN BRITAIN.[1]
4.Initial letter—altar from Corbridge[1]
5.Coin of Claudius—DE BRITANNIS[4]
6.Coin of Vespasian—ROMA RESURGES[6]
7.Coin of Hadrian—ADVENTUS BRITANNIÆ[11]
8.Coin of Hadrian—BRITANNIA[12]
9.Coin of Severus—VICTORIÆ BRITTANICÆ[19]
10.Coin of Carausius—reverse, a galley[22]
11.Coin of Carausius—reverse, a lion[22]
12.Coin of Magnentius—reverse, Christian monogram[24]
13.Base of column—Housesteads[24]
PART II.—A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LINE OF THE WALL.[43]
14.Initial Letter—Roman Nails[43]
15.Plan of Barrier between Cilurnum and Magna—Plan of Cilurnum[[1]] and contiguous Works—Plans of individual Stationsfacing [45]
16.Section of Works, near eighteenth mile-stone[52]
17.Section of Works, west of Carraw[52]
18.Mural Slab—Ala II. Asturum[61]
19.Altar to Fortune—Coh. I. Batavorum[62]
20.Altar to Jupiter—Coh. I. Tungrorum[63]
21.Written-Rock, on the river Geltfacing [81]
22.Letters on the Written-Rock[82]
23.Form of Wall-Stone[83]
24.Junction of the west wall of Birdoswald with the Wall[84]
25-27.Broaching of the Wall Stones[85]
28-31.Marks on the Stones[86]
32.Sections and Elevations of the Masonry of the Wallfacing [89]
33.Herring-bone Masonry[91]
34.Written-Rock at Fallow-field-fell[102]
PART III.-LOCAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS.[103]
35.Initial Letters—Balusters from the Wall[103]
36.Altar to Jupiter—Coh. IV. Lingonum[109]
37.Plan of Wallsend, Segedunum; Section of Mountain and Works at Bradleyfacing [113]
38.Wallsend, looking Eastfacing [115]
39.Plan of Pons Æliifacing [126]
40.Mercury, Pons Ælii[129]
41-44.Coins of Hadrian found in the Bridge, Pons Ælii[131]
45.Coin of Severus found in Bridge, Pons Ælii[131]
46.Slab to the Campestral Mothers[140]
47.Altar to Mars[142]
48.Altar to Mars[143]
49.Fragment of the Wall, near Denton[145]
50.The Works at Heddon-on-the Wallfacing [149]
51.The Works near Carr-hillfacing [156]
52.Mural Slab—Leg. II. Aug.[163]
53.Slab—Fulgur Divom[164]
54.The Wall at Bruntonfacing [169]
55.Remains of Roman Bridge over North Tynefacing [170]
56.Miscellaneous Antiquities, Chesters, Cilurnumfacing [170]
57.Vault at Cilurnum[173]
58.Hypocausts at Cilurnum[174]
59.Ground Plan of Hypocausts, Cilurnum[175]
60.River God, Cilurnum[178]
61.Hypocaust, Cilurnumfacing [178]
62.Funereal Slab, Cilurnum[184]
63.Funereal Slab of Horse Soldier, Cilurnum[185]
64.Slab—Ala II. Asturum[186]
65.Statue of Cybele, Cilurnum[189]
66.Group of Carved Stones, Cilurnum[190]
67.Miscellaneous Antiquities, Cilurnumfacing [191]
68.Samian Warefacing [192]
69.Roman Spears, etc.facing [192]
70.The Works, Tepper-moorfacing [197]
71.Slab—Coh. I. Batavorum[198]
72.Approach to Sewingshieldsfacing [200]
73.Busy Gap[208]
74.Junction of West Wall of Housesteads, Borcovicus, with the Wall[216]
75.Ground Plan of Gateway, Housesteads[216]
76.Outside View of the West Portal, Housesteads[217]
77.Inside View of West Portal, Housesteads[217]
78.Housesteads, Borcovicus, from the Eastfacing [220]
79.Broken Columns, Borcovicusfacing [225]
80.Sculptured Figures, Borcovicusfacing [225]
81.Sculptured Figures, etc.facing [225]
82.Figure of Victory[226]
83.Sepulchral Slab to a young Physician[227]
84.Slab to Hadrian, Bradley[232]
85.Slab to Hadrian, Milking-gap[234]
86.Altar to Fortune, Chesterholm[237]
87.Hypocaust Pillar[238]
88.Milestone at Chesterholm, Vindolanafacing [239]
89.Altar to Genius of the Pretorium[240]
90.Symbol, Leg. XX.[241]
91.Part of Slab to Hadrian[241]
92.Coping-stone, Roman ‘broaching’[242]
93.The Crags, West of Cragloughfacing [243]
94.The Wall at Steel-rigfacing [244]
95.Mural Stone, Leg. XX. V.V.[247]
96.Mile-castle at Cawfieldfacing [248]
97.Part of Slab to Hadrian[251]
98.Tablet to Hadrian[256]
99.Plan of ancient Water-course, Great Chesters, Æsicafacing [257]
100.Nine-nicks of Thirlwall[265]
101.Lamp, Fibula, Shears, and Compassesfacing [268]
102.Stone Effigy[272]
103.Section of Works near Wallend[273]
104.Slab to Hadrian, by Leg. XX. V. V.[274]
105.Altar to Jupiter, by Coh. I. Ael. Dac.[278]
106.West Gateway, Birdoswald, Amboglanna[280]
107.Mural Stone, Leg. VI. V. F.[281]
108.Birdoswald, western Rampartfacing [282]
109.Section of Works, Wallbours[283]
110.Coin of Severus, Julia[289]
111.Coin of Caracalla[289]
112.Coin of Geta[289]
113.Altar to Jupiter, Coh. II. Tungr.[290]
114.View of Pigeon Crag[292]
115.Mural Stone, Leg. II. Aug.[294]
116.Altar—ob res trans vallum prospere gestas[302]
117.Bownessfacing [313]
118.Monument to Edward I.[314]
PART IV.—THE SUPPORTING STATIONS OF THE WALL.[315]
119.Initial A, and Mural Slab, Risingham[315]
120.Tablet, Gyrum Cumbas[319]
121.Tablet found at Jarrow[323]
122.Corbridge Lanx[335]
123.Altar to Astarte[338]
124.Crypt of Hexham Abbey Church[339]
125.Slab to Severus at Hexham[340]
126.Genius of the Wall[353]
127.Altar to Jupiter for the safety of Severus[360]
128.Altar to Jupiter, Maryport[363]
129.Slab to Hadrian, Moresby[367]
130.Symbol of Leg. XX.[368]
PART V.—THE QUESTION—WHO BUILT THE WALL?—DISCUSSED.[369]
131.Initial O, bronze ornament found at Borcovicus[369]
132.Slab, Leg. II. and Leg. XX.[392]
PART VI.—MISCELLANEOUS ANTIQUITIES FOUND ON THE LINE OF THE WALL.[393]
133.Initial M, bronze ornament, an Eagle, found at Magna[393]
134.Altar, Deo Vetri[395]
135.Large Altar to Jupiter[397]
136.Altar, Genio Loci, etc.[399]
137.Altar, Deo Cocidio[401]
138.Altar, Deo Belatucadro[401]
139.Altar to Minerva[402]
140.Altar to Fortune[403]
141.Altar to Mithras[404]
142.Altar to the Sun[405]
143.Attendant of Mithras[406]
144.Altar to Mithras[407]
145.Zodiacal Tablet, Borcovicus[409]
146.Pine-apple Ornament, etc., Cilurnum[410]
147.Presumed Mithraic Sculpture, Cilurnum[410]
148.Altar to Apollo, Cawfield mile-castle[411]
149.Inscription to the Syrian Goddess, Magna[412]
150.Altar to Silvanus, Amboglanna[413]
151.Altar to the Nymphs, Habitancum[414]
152.Altar to the Gods of the Mountains, Vindobala[415]
153.Altar to Epona, Magna[415]
154.Altar, sculptured with a Toad, Cilurnum[416]
155.Altar to Viteres, Thirlwall-castle[416]
156.Altar to Viteres, Condercum[417]
157.Altar to the Dea Hamia, Thirlwall-castle[417]
158.Altar to the Three Lamiæ, Condercum[418]
159-60.Egyptian Idols[418]
161.Altar to the Transmarine Mothers, Habitancum[419]
162.Sculpture to the Deæ Matres, at Netherby[420]
163.Sculpture to the Deæ Matres, at Netherby[420]
164.Sculpture to the Deæ Matres, at Netherby[420]
165.Sculpture to the Deæ Matres, at Nether-hall[421]
166.Sepulchral Altar to the Manes of Fabia Honorata, Cilurnum[426]
167.Sepulchral Slab to the Manes of Aurelia Faia, Magna[428]
168.Sepulchral Slab to the Memory of Cornelius Victor, Vindolana[429]
169.Centurial Stone, Coh. V. Cæcilii Proculi, Cilurnum[430]
170.Centurial Stone, Cilurnum[430]
171.Vessel, in which the Thorngrafton Coins were found[434]
172-224.The Thorngrafton Coins, imperial, consular, and others[435]-441
225.Samian Ware, from Wallsend and Lanchesterfacing [445]
226.Bronze Vessels facing[445]
227.Iron Pot, Bronze Vessel, Tongs, etc.facing [445]
228.Soles of Sandals, etc. facing[445]
229.Tail piece—Romæ Æternæ Fortunæ Reduci[450]

PLATE I

A. Reid, Sc 117, Pilgrim St. Newcastle.
Plan
OF THE COURSE OF THE
ROMAN WALL
FROM THE
TYNE TO THE SOLWAY.

The Roman Barrier of the

Lower Isthmus.

PART I.
AN EPITOME OF THE HISTORY OF ROMAN OCCUPATION IN BRITAIN.