1546. Charles V. takes the field against the Protestants, proclaimsthe Elector, John Frederick, and Landgrave Philip of Hesse, outlaws. Gains
1547. 24th April, the battle of Muhlberg. Raises
1548. Duke Maurice to the electorate of Saxony, and prescribes the interim, which is not accepted by Magdeburg.
1551. Magdeburg declared to be under the imperial ban, and besieged in vain by the Saxons.
1552. Henry II. of France (1547–1559), in alliance with the Protestant princes, takes Metz, Toul, and Verdun.
1552. The treaty of Passau secures to the Protestants equal rights with the Catholics.
1547–1553. Edward VI. nine years old. The Duke of Somerset governs the kingdom as Protector. The Reformation is favoured, and makes progress.
1553. Mary persecutes the Protestants, and in 1558 loses Calais.
1556. Charles V. abdicates, and dies on the 11th of September, 1558, in Spain.
Fifth Visitation.