If in the form of an address to the physicians of Germany, I express the wish to see such a melancholy state of things remedied, the nature of the subject requires that, with the exception of the still prevailing Cholera, remarkable universal epidemics should be selected for investigation. They form the grand epochs, according to which those epidemics which are less extensive, but not, on that account, less worthy of observation, naturally range themselves. Far be it from me to recommend any fixed series, or even the plan and method to be pursued in treating the subject. It would, perhaps, be, on the whole, most advantageous, if my honoured Colleagues, who attend to this request, were to commence with those epidemics for which they possess complete materials, and that entirely according to their own plan, without adopting any model for imitation, for in this manner simple historical truth will be best elicited. Should it, however, be found impracticable to furnish historical descriptions of entire epidemics, a task often attended with difficulties, interesting fragments of all kinds, for which there are rich treasures in MSS. and scarce works in various places, would be no less welcome and useful towards the great object of preparing a collective history of epidemics.

Up to the present moment, it might almost seem that the most essential preliminaries are wanting for the accomplishment of such an undertaking. The study of medical history is everywhere at a low ebb;—in France and England scarcely a trace remains, to the most serious detriment of the whole domain of medicine; in Germany too, there are but few who suspect what inexhaustible stores of instructive truth are lying dormant within their power; they may, perhaps, class them among theoretical doctrines, and commend the laborious investigation of them without being willing to recognise their spirit. None of the Universities of Germany, whose business it ought to be to provide, in this respect, for the prosperity of the inheritance committed to their charge, can boast a Professor’s chair for the History of Medicine; nay, in many, it is so entirely unknown, that it is not even regarded as an object of secondary importance, so that it is to be apprehended that the fame of German erudition, may, at least in medicine, gradually vanish, and our medical knowledge become, as practical indeed, but at the same time as assuming, as mechanical, and as defective, as that of France and England. Even those noble institutions, the Academies, in which the spirit of the eighteenth century still lingers, and whose more peculiar province it is to explore the rich pages of science, have not entered upon the history of Epidemics, and by their silence have encouraged the unfounded and injurious supposition, that this field is desolate and unfruitful.

All these obstacles are indeed great, but to determined and persevering exertion they are not insuperable; and, though we cannot conceal them from ourselves, we should not allow them to daunt our spirit. There is, in Germany, a sufficiency of intellectual power to overcome them; let this power be combined, and exert itself in active co-operation. Sooner or later a new road must be opened for Medical Science. Should the time not yet have arrived, I have at least endeavoured to discharge my duty, by attempting to point out its future direction.


CONTENTS.


PAGE

[General Preface]

v

[Hecker’s Address]

ix

THE BLACK DEATH.

[Translator’s Preface]

xxiii

[Preface]

xxvii

CHAPTER I.

[General Observations]

1

CHAPTER II.

[The Disease]

2

CHAPTER III.

[Causes—Spread]

11

CHAPTER IV.

[Mortality]

21

CHAPTER V.

[Moral Effects]

32

CHAPTER VI.

[Physicians]

50

Appendix:—
[I. The Ancient Song of the Flagellants]

68

[II. Examination of the Jews accused of poisoning the Wells]

74

THE DANCING MANIA.

[Translator’s Preface]

81

[Preface]

85

CHAPTER I.
DANCING MANIA IN GERMANY AND THE NETHERLANDS.

[Sect. 1.—St. John’s Dance]

87

[2.—St. Vitus’s Dance]

91

[3.—Causes]

94

[4.—More ancient Dancing Plagues]

97

[5.—Physicians]

100

[6.—Decline and Termination of the Dancing Plague]

103

CHAPTER II.
DANCING MANIA IN ITALY.

[Sect. 1.—Tarantism]

107

[2.—Most Ancient Traces.—Causes]

110

[3.—Increase]

116

[4.—Idiosyncracies.—Music]

119

[5.—Hysteria]

126

[6.—Decrease]

129

CHAPTER III.
DANCING MANIA IN ABYSSINIA.

[Sect. 1.—Tigretier]

133

CHAPTER IV.

[Sympathy]

139

Appendix:—
[I. Extract from “Vita Gregorii XI.,” &c.]

153

[II. From “Chronicon Magnum,” &.c]

154

[III. From “die Limburger Chronik,” &c.]

155

[IV. From “die Chronica van Coellen,” &c.]

156

[V. From “an Account of Convulsive Diseases in Scotland,” &c.]

157

[VI. Music for the Dance of the Tarantati, &c.]

167

THE SWEATING SICKNESS.

[Preface]

177

CHAPTER I.
FIRST VISITATION. 1485.

[Sect. 1.—Eruption]

181

[2.—The Physicians]

185

[3.—Causes]

187

[4.—Other Epidemics]

188

[5.—Richmond’s Army]

190

[6.—Nature of the Sweating Sickness.—Preliminary Investigation]

191

CHAPTER II.
SECOND VISITATION. 1506.

[Sect. 1.—Mercenary Troops]

193

[2.—New Circumstances]

196

[3.—Sweating Sickness]

197

[4.—Accompanying Phenomena]

198

[5.—Petechial Fever in Italy. 1505]

199

[6.—Other Diseases]

203

[7.—Blood Spots]

205

CHAPTER III.
THIRD VISITATION. 1517.

[Sect. 1.—Poverty]

208

[2.—Sweating Sickness]

209

[3.—Causes]

211

[4.—Habits of the English]

212

[5.—Contagion]

215

[6.—Influenzas]

218

[7.—Epidemics of 1517]

223

CHAPTER IV.
FOURTH VISITATION. 1528, 1529.

[Sect. 1.—Destruction of the French Army before Naples, 1528]

228

[2.—Trousse-Galant in France, 1528, and the following years]

235

[3.—Sweating Sickness in England, 1528]

238

[4.—Natural Occurrences.—Prognostics]

240

[5.—Sweating Sickness in Germany, 1529]

246

[6.——————————the Netherlands]

254

[7.——————————Denmark, Sweden, and Norway]

255

[8.—Terror]

257

[9.—Moral Consequences]

261

[10.—The Physicians]

264

[11.—Pamphlets]

270

[12.—Form of the Disease]

278

CHAPTER V.
FIFTH VISITATION. 1551.

[Sect. 1.—Eruption]

290

[2.—Extension and Duration]

291

[3.—Causes.—Natural Phenomena]

295

[4.—Diseases]

297

[5.—John Kaye]

301

CHAPTER VI.
SWEATING SICKNESSES.

[Sect. 1.—The Cardiac Disease of the Ancients. (Morbus Cardiacus.)]

306

[2.—The Picardy Sweat. (Suette des Picards—Suette Miliaire.)]

315

[3.—The Roettingen Sweating Sickness]

324

[Chronological Survey]

330

[Catalogue of Works referred to]

339

[Appendix.]—A Boke, or Counseill against the Disease commonly called the Sweate, or Sweatyng Sicknesse. By Jhon Caius

353


THE BLACK DEATH.