[5] See, in the Appendix at the end of the volume, a bibliographical, historical, and geographical analysis of “The Itinerary from Bordeaux to Jerusalem,” by M. Walcknaer: this piece throws great light upon ancient geography, and that of the middle ages.
[6] This festival is known under the name of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, and is celebrated on the 14th of September.
[7] The voyage of St. Antony is found in three very ancient manuscripts, which may be consulted in the Imperial Library. It has been printed also in a small volume in 4to. ’See the Appendix.) The relation of the pilgrimage of St. Arculphus, arranged by Adaman in 690, was published by Gretzer of Ingoldstadt, 1619, in 4to., under this title, “De Locis Terræ Sanctæ.” It has since been published by Mabillon.
[8] Lucida plerumque recepit intervalla.—William of Tyre.
[9] A capitulary of Charlemagne, of the year 810, is conceived in these terms: “De eleemosynâ mittendâ ad Hyerusalem propter ecclesias Dei restaurandas.” Ob hoc maximè ’says Eginard) transmarinorum regum amicitias expetens, ut Christianis sub eorum dominatu degentibus refugerium aliquod ac relevatio proveniret.—Vita Caroli Magni, cap. 27, p. 101, edit. of Bredow, 12mo. Helmstadt, 1806.
[10] Claves sepulcri Domini, claves etiam civitatis et montis cum vexillo detulerunt.—William of Tyre.
[11] A relation of this pretended voyage may be found in the old chronicles. Sanuti and Robert Gaguin have mentioned it, without doubt from traditions existing in their time.
[12] At the commencement of the ninth century, pilgrims flocked thither quite from the extremities of Europe. Dicuil, who wrote in Ireland in the year 825, gives several details:—Fidelis frater ... narravit coram me ... quòd adorationis causâ in urbe Jerlm. ’Hierusalem) clerici et laïci à Britanniâ usque ad Nilum velificaverunt.—Dicuil, De Mensurâ Orbis, edit. Walcknaer, p. 17.
[13] Ibi habetur hospitale, in quo suscipiuntur omnes qui causâ devotionis illum adeunt locum, linguâ loquentes Romanâ, cui adjacet ecclesia in honore Sanctæ Maricæ; nobilissimam habent bibliothecam studio prædicti imperatoris Caroli Magni.—This passage is taken from the Voyage of the monk Bernard to the Holy Land. This monk was a Frenchman by birth; he set out for Palestine in 870 with two other monks, one of whom was of the monastery of St. Innocent, in the country of Benevento, and the other a Spanish monk. ’See an account of this pilgrimage in the Appendix.)
[14] Alii causâ negotiationis acti, alii causâ devotionis et peregrinationis.—J. de Vitry. Quod Latini devotionis gratiâ aut negotiationis advenientes.—Sanuti. Non defuerunt de occidentalibus multi qui loca sancta, licet in hostium potestate redacta, aut devotionis, aut commerciorum, aut utriusque gratiâ, visitarent aliquoties.—William of Tyre. Diversarum gentium undique prope innumera multitudo, 15 die Septembris anniversario more, in Hierosolymam convenire solet ad commercia mutuis conditionibus et emptionibus peragenda.—Voyage of St. Arculphus.