NEW YORK.
A. C. ARMSTRONG & SON,
714 Broadway.
CONTENTS TO VOL. II.
| BOOK IX.—A.D. 1195-1198. | |
| FOURTH CRUSADE. | |
| The empire of Saladin divided among his successors—The civil warsthence arising—Dynasty of the Ayoubites—Extensive empire of Afdhal,son of Saladin—His civil contests—Alaziz, sultan of Egypt, takes armsagainst his brother—Nazr-Allah, vizier of the sultan Afdhal—Malek-Adel—Civilcommotions of Palestine—Agitated state of the Christiancolonies—Bohemond III. governor of Antioch, taken prisoner—Hospitallersand Templars—Pope Celestine III. instigates the fourth crusade—HenryVI., emperor of Germany, engages to assist—Diet of Worms—Hostilitiesat Ptolemaïs—Death of Henry of Champagne—Jaffa capturedby the Mussulmans—Siege and battle of Berytus—Malek-Adel defeated—Fallandus,the Sicilian historian—Henry VI. of Germany conquersNaples and Sicily—Progress of his arms in Palestine—The Saracensdefeated—Death of Henry VI.—Massacre of the garrison of Jaffa—St.Martin—Causes of the failure of this crusade, and its mischievous consequences—Cruelcharacter of Henry VI | pp. [1-35.] |
| ———— | |
| BOOK X.—A.D. 1198-1204. | |
| FIFTH CRUSADE. | |
| Rousseau’s opinion of the Crusaders—Enthusiasm and valour of theChristian troops—Causes which led to the fifth crusade—Instigated byPope Innocent III.—His quarrel with Philip of France—Death ofRichard I. of England—Preaching of Foulkes in favour of the crusade—ThibaultIV., count of Champagne, engages in the crusade—Louis,count of Chartres—Preaching of Martin Litz—Villehardouin, marshalof Champagne—Baldwin, count of Flanders—Commercial greatness ofVenice—Dandolo, the doge of Venice—He engages to assist the Crusaders—Gauthierde Brienne—Sums advanced by Venice—Death andcharacter of Thibault—Count le Bar—Death of Eude III., duke ofBurgundy—Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, elected commander of thecrusade—Famine in Egypt and Europe—Death of Foulkes—Pecuniaryexactions of Venice—Revolt of the city of Zara—Dandolo’s address tothe Venetians in favour of the Crusaders—Isaac, emperor of Constantinople,dethroned—Siege of Zara—The Abbot de Cernay—Quarrelsbetween the Venetians and the French Crusaders—Address of Philip ofSwabia to the French barons—Policy of Malek-Adel—Reproaches ofInnocent III. against the Crusaders at Zara—Character of the emperorAlexius—Capture of Corfu—Conquests of the younger Alexius, son ofIsaac—Description of Constantinople—Besieged by the Crusaders—TheVarangians—Speeches of Rossi and Conon de Bethune—Capture ofConstantinople—Alexius dethroned—Isaac and his son Alexius restoredto the sovereignty—The Crusaders become the allies of the Greeks, andthe protectors of the Greek empire—Their communications with thepope | pp. [36-99.] |
| ———— | |
| BOOK XI.—A.D. 1198-1204. | |
| Character of the Greeks—Position of Alexius the younger—His proposalsto the Crusaders—Disputes between the Greeks and the Latins onarticles of faith—Contentions with the Bulgarians—Conflagration ofConstantinople—Imbecility and bigotry of the emperor Isaac—Statue ofMinerva destroyed—Insurrectionary spirit in Constantinople—Famine inEgypt—Contests between the Greeks and the Latins—Greek fire—Treacheryof Mourzouffle—He murders young Alexius, and ascends thethrone—Character of Alexius—Mourzouffle’s contests with the Latins—Isdethroned—Death of Isaac—Lascaris chosen emperor—Abandons thecity—Constantinople taken possession of, and plundered by the Latins—Destructionof the works of art—Statues of Bellerophon, Hercules, andHelen, destroyed—Reverence for relics and images—Fanaticism ofMartin Litz—Fragment of the “true cross”—Virtues of Dandolo, thedoge of Venice—Baldwin, count of Flanders, elected emperor of Constantinople—Theconquered lands distributed among the Crusaders—ThomasMorasini elected patriarch of Constantinople—Correspondencebetween Baldwin and the pope—Death of Marguerite of Flanders, wife ofBaldwin—Conquests of Leo Sguerre—Michael Angelus Comnenus gainsthe kingdom of Epirus—Lascaris proclaimed emperor at Nice—Mourzoufflecaptured and executed—Column of Theodosius—Quarrels betweenBoniface, marquis of Montferrat, and Baldwin—Boniface invades Greece—TheGreeks rebel against the domination of the Latins—Victories of theBulgarians—Defeat and Massacre of the Latins—Bravery of Henry ofHainault—Incidents of Baldwin’s life—Death of Dandolo—Boniface isslain—Characters of the Greeks and the Franks—Their different historians—Disputesrespecting the sovereignty of Cyprus—Death ofGauthier de Brienne—Policy of Innocent III.—Knowledge of Greekdiffused in the West—Refinement of the Venetians, and commercial greatnessof Venice | pp. [100-184.] |
| ———— | |
| BOOK XII.—A.D. 1200-1215. | |
| SIXTH CRUSADE. | |
| Famine in Egypt, and its frightful consequences—Destructive earthquake—Saadi,the Persian poet—Earthquake and famine in Palestine—Agitatedstate of Palestine—Death of Amaury, king of Jerusalem—Deathof Bohemond III.—Pope Innocent III. stimulates the westernworld to the deliverance of the Holy Land—State of Palestine andJerusalem—John of Brienne accepts the young queen of Jerusalemin marriage—Agitated state of Europe—Malek-Adel renews hostilitiesagainst the Christians—John of Brienne takes possession of Ptolemaïs—Firstdawnings of the Reformation—The Albigeois, the Vaudois, andother reforming sects—Papal crusade against them—Spain at war withthe Saracens and Moors—Cardinal de Courçon preaches the crusade—PhilipAugustus king of France, and John king of England, engage inthe crusade—Dominant spirit and political contentions of Pope InnocentIII.—Battle of Bouvines—The pope assembles the council ofLateran, and stimulates all Europe to the holy war—His death andcharacter—Censius Savelli chosen pope, under the title of Honorius III.—Heurges the crusade—Andrew II., king of Hungary, engages in it—Paganismof Prussia in the thirteenth century—Political state of Palestine—Thethrone of Syria abdicated by Malek-Adel—Melik-Kamel, thesultan of Cairo—Mount Tabor—Political state of Hungary—Her kingreturns from Palestine—The tower of Damietta captured by the Crusaders—Deathand character of Malek-Adel—Decline of the empireof the Ayoubites—Cardinal Pelagius instigates the prosecution of thecrusade, and proceeds to Egypt—Panic amongst the Mohammedans—Conspiracyto dethrone the sultan of Cairo—Battle before the walls ofDamietta—Piety of St. Francis—The Mohammedans propose conditionsof peace—Damietta captured, and the inhabitants destroyed by famine—Thecity assigned to John of Brienne—His speech against the invasion ofEgypt—Obstinacy of Cardinal Pelagius—The Mohammedans burn thefleet of the Crusaders on the Nile, and compel them to capitulate—Melik-Kamelenters into a treaty of peace, by which Damietta is surrendered tothe Mussulmans—Death of Philip Augustus of France—John of Briennerevisits Europe—Oppressions of the Christians of Palestine—TheGeorgians—Invasions of the Tartars—Marriage of Frederick II., emperorof Germany, with the heiress of the king of Jerusalem—Acknowledgedto be king—Persecutions of the Albigeois—Contests with the Moors inSpain—War of factions in Italy—The Guelphs and Ghibellines—Frederickof Germany engages in the holy war, sets sail, and returns to Otranto—GregoryIX. succeeds Pope Honorius—His rage against Frederick of Germany—Frederickarrives at Ptolemaïs, and concludes a treaty with Melik-Kamel—Deathof Conraddin, sultan of Damascus—Frederick acknowledgedking of Jerusalem—Hostility of the Christians—He quits Palestinefor Europe—His victories in Lombardy—Excommunicated by GregoryIX.—Treaty with his holiness—The pope determines on renewingthe holy war—Thibault V., king of Navarre, and Pierre de Dreux, engagein it—Council of Tours for promoting the cause of the Crusaders—Deathsof Peter and of Robert Courtenay—Decline of the Latin empirein Constantinople—John of Brienne called to the throne—His death—Baldwin,his son-in-law, driven from the throne—Frederick of Germanyexcommunicated—He invades Italy and besieges Rome—Desolating civilwar—Death of Melik-Kamel—Agitated state of Palestine—Battle ofGaza—Death of Gregory IX.—Richard, duke of Cornwall, joins theCrusaders at Ptolemaïs, but soon returns to Italy—Pope Celestine IV.—Disturbancesin the reign of Innocent IV.—Pilgrims buy off their vows—Wretchedstate of Palestine—Political pretensions of the popes—Stateof Europe—General reflections on the crusades—Songs of the Troubadours—Leprosyin the West—Crusades against Prussia and the Albigeois—Thesanguinary wars in the name of religion | pp. [185-311.] |
| ———— | |
| BOOK XIII.—A.D. 1242-1245. | |
| SEVENTH CRUSADE. | |
| The Tartars of the middle ages—Their history and conquests—Gengiskhan,the Tartar chief—Temugin—Prester John—Khan of the Karaites—Conquestof China, Carismia, and other extensive countries in Asiaand Europe, by Gengiskhan—His death—Victorious career of Octaï,khan of the Tartars—Hungary conquered—The warriors of Carismiajoin the sultan of Cairo, and capture Jerusalem—The Mohammedansof Syria defeated by the Carismians, and Damascus captured—TheCarismians rebel against the sultan of Cairo—They are defeated anddispersed—Barbarous hordes of the Comans—Distress of the Christians—Valeran,bishop of Berytus—Innocent IV., at the council of Lyonsdetermines on the seventh crusade, and excommunicates Frederick, emperorof Germany—Cardinals first clothed in scarlet—Louis IX., kingof France, recovers from a dangerous malady, and determines on prosecutingthe seventh crusade against the infidels—The illustrious namesengaged in it—Blanche, the queen-mother—Agitated state of Germanyand Italy—Frederick of Germany deposed by the pope—Civil conteststhence arising—The nobles of France form a league to resist the exactionsof the pope—Louis makes extensive preparations for the holy war—Theearl of Salisbury, and Haco king of Norway, engage in it—Amelioratedstate of society resulting from the crusades—Louis embarks and arrivesat Cyprus—Pope Innocent IV. takes charge of his kingdom—Marguerite,wife of Louis—Archambault de Bourbons—Sieur de Joinville—Antiochravaged by the Turcomans—Louis receives an embassy from theTartar prince, Ecalthai—Political discord among the Mohammedans—Familyof the Ayoubites—Malek-Salek Negmeddin, sultan of Egypt—Militaryand political state of Egypt at the time of the crusade—Louis IX.and the Christian forces arrive before Damietta—His address to the Crusaders—Hebesieges Damietta—Fakreddin, the Egyptian leader—Louisattacks and defeats the infidel troops—Damietta captured—Negociationswith Negmeddin—Livre Tournois—Bravery of the Bedouin Arabs—Sidoncaptured by the Mohammedans | pp. [312-392.] |
| ———— | |
| BOOK XIV.—A.D. 1248-1255. | |
| Alphonse count of Poictiers, and Hugh Lebrun count of Angoulêmeengage in the holy war—Opposition of Henry III. of England to hisbarons and the pope—Raymond, count of Thoulouse—Count d’Artois—Deathof Negmeddin—Beauty and genius of Chegger-Eddour, sultanaof Egypt—Scharmesah captured by the Crusaders—Fakreddin takes thecommand of the Egyptian forces—Treachery of the Mamelukes—Militaryoperations on the canal of Aschmoum—Terrific effects of the Greek fire—Fakreddinslain, and the Saracens defeated—Rashness of Countd’Artois, and his death—Battle of Mansourah—The Crusaders defeatedby the Mamelukes—The earl of Salisbury, Robert de Vair, and otherillustrious warriors slain—Continued contests with the Egyptians, andsevere losses of the Crusaders—Instances of devoted heroism and individualbravery—The Crusaders exposed to famine and pestilence, and theSaracens victorious—The canal of Mehallah fatal to the Crusaders—-Sufferingsand losses of the Christian army—Guy du Chatel, Gaucher deChatillon, and other distinguished Crusaders slain—Louis attempts toregain Damietta—Is defeated, and surrenders as a prisoner of war—Hisentire army annihilated by the Saracens—Sieur de Joinville taken prisoner—Agonizingsituation of Marguerite, queen of Louis—30,000 Crusadersmassacred, or taken into slavery—Religious resignation of Louis—Heenters into an abject treaty for his ransom—Revolt of the Mamelukes—Deathof Almoadan—Octaï, chief of the Mamelukes—The emirs ofEgypt—Chegger-Eddour elected sultana of Egypt, and Ezz-EddinAybek the governor—Extinction of the Ayoubite dynasty—Damiettadelivered up to the Mussulmans—Ransom paid for Louis—Consternationin France on hearing of his capture—He arrives at Ptolemaïs—Deliberateswith his knights as to their future operations—The Syrians refuseto acknowledge the authority of the Mamelukes—Civil commotions inEgypt—Chegger-Eddour marries Ezz-Eddin, and yields her regal authority—Deathof Frederick II. of Germany—Conrad, his successor, excommunicated—Jacobof Hungary—“Pastors”—Pope Innocent IV.urges the preaching of a fresh crusade—Singular message of the “OldMan of the Mountain” to Louis—A visit to his court—Cities of Palestinefortified by Louis—War between the sultans of Cairo and Damascus—Treatybetween them, and hostilities resumed against the Christians—TheTurcomans surprise Sidon, and slaughter the inhabitants—Belinas pillagedby the Crusaders—Pious devotedness of Louis—He fortifies Sidon—Deathof Blanche, queen-regent of France—Louis quits Palestine, andarrives at Paris—Excellence of Joinville’s history—On the character andmisfortunes of Louis—Damietta destroyed by the Mussulmans, and themouth of the Nile filled with stones—Rise and fall of the Mamelukes—Hospitalof Quinze-Vingts—The Tartars and Moguls—“Assizes ofJerusalem”—Characters of Frederick II. of Germany and Pope InnocentIV.—Papal crusade against Eccelino de Romano | pp. [393-493.] |
HISTORY
OF
THE CRUSADES.