Enfranchisement of, in Europe during the crusades, [iii. 284-287].
Civilization weakens the spirit of fanaticism, [ i. xxi].
Increasing spread of, in Europe, [iii. 229].
Progress of, during and after the crusades, [iii. 251] et seq.
Clement IV. supports the second crusade undertaken by Louis IX., [iii. 26], [iii. 27].
Death of, [iii. 36].
—— V., Pope, proclaims a crusade at the council of Vienna, [iii. 97].
—— VII., his abortive attempts to arouse Christendom against the Turks, [iii. 215], [iii. 218].
Imprisoned by Charles V., [iii. 216].
Clergy assume arms in the crusades, [ i. 55].