CONTENTS TO VOL. III.
| BOOK XV.—A.D. 1255-1270. | |
| EIGHTH CRUSADE. | |
| Christian cities of Palestine fortified by Louis IX.—Quarrels amongthe Crusaders—Divisions among the Saracens—Aibek, sultan of Egypt,assassinated—Chegger-Adour, the sultana, assassinated—The Moguls, orTartars, capture Bagdad—Koutouz elected sultan of Egypt—The Mogulscapture the principal cities of Syria—The general terror inspired amongthe Mussulmans and Christians—Apprehensions of Bela IV., king ofHungary—Assassination of Koutouz—The Mamelukes of Egypt—Bibarsproclaimed sultan of Egypt—Declares war against the Christiansof Palestine—The Mamelukes defeat and expel the Tartars from Palestine—Constantinoplerecaptured by the Greeks, and the Latins expelled—TheChristians defeated by the Mamelukes, and Palestine laid waste—Cæsarea,Arsouf, and Sefed besieged and captured—Slaughter of theChristians—Mohammedanism not a religion of the sword—Charlemagne’scareer—Capture of Jaffa by the sultan of Egypt—Bohemond forms atreaty with Bibars—Antioch captured and destroyed, and the inhabitantsslaughtered—Quarrels of the popes with the sovereigns of Europe—Royalfamily of Swabia—Charles, count of Anjou, crowned by the popeas king of Sicily—Mainfroy—Conraddin disputes the crown of Sicily—LouisIX. determines upon a fresh crusade to the Holy Land—The illustriouspersonages who take the cross in his support—Joinville declines toaccompany him—Abaga, khan of the Tartars, sends ambassadors toRome—Pope Clement IV. supports the new crusade—The clergy opposethe levying of contributions—A council held at Northampton for aidingthe crusade—James king of Arragon, and Edward prince of England,engage in the crusade—Death of Clement IV.—The Crusaders arrive atTunis—Historical notice of Tunis—The Mohammedans resist the Crusaders—Sicknessand mortality among the Crusaders—Death of theduke de Nevers—Illness and fervent devotion of Louis—His death—Charlesof Anjou lands at Tunis, and takes the command of the Crusaders—Returnsto France with the bodies of his father, wife, and brother—Thevirtue? and piety of Louis IX.—Prince Edward of England arrivesin Palestine—Nazareth captured by the Crusaders—Prince Edward returnsto England—Thibault elected pope, under the title of Gregory X.—Heconvokes the council of Lyons for reviving a new crusade—Curiousdocument issued by Humbert de Romanis—Three pretenders to thethrone of Jerusalem—The continued victories of Bibars—His death andcharacter—Death of Gregory X.—Revolt in Sicily—The Sicilian vespers—Kealaoun,the sultan of Egypt, concludes a treaty with the Christiansof Ptolemaïs, and enters into treaties with European princes—Fort ofMargat captured by the Mussulmans—Sieur Barthélemi becomes a Mohammedanrenegade—Tripoli captured and destroyed, and the Christiansslaughtered—Description of Ptolemaïs—Chalil elected sultan of Egypt—TheMussulman sect of Chages—Ptolemaïs captured and destroyed byChalil—Virgins of St. Clair self-mutilated and destroyed—Death ofWilliam de Clermont—Devoted heroism of the Templars—Capture anddestruction of Tyre, Berytus, Sidon, and all the Christian cities along thecoast of Palestine | pp. [1-91.] |
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| BOOK XVI.—A.D. 1291-1396. | |
| ATTEMPTED CRUSADES AGAINST THE TURKS. | |
| Pope Nicholas IV. attempts to revive a fresh crusade against the East—Sendsmissionaries to the Tartars—Their contests with the Mussulmansrevive the hopes of the Christians—Argun, the Tartar chief—Conquestsof the Tartars—Cazan, the Mogul prince, sends ambassadors tothe Pope—Clement IV. proclaims a crusade at the council of Vienna—Exploitsof the Hospitallers—Conquests and wealth of the Templars—Accusationsagainst them—Philip le Bel of France takes the cross—Hisdeath—Philip le Long—His death—Charles le Bel—His death—RaymondLulli preaches a fresh crusade—Philip of Valois convokes anassembly at Paris for reviving a fresh crusade—Renewed persecutions ofthe Christians in Palestine—Brother Andrew of Antioch—Petrarch anapostle of the holy war—Humbert II., dauphin of Viennois, takes thecross—Hugh of Lusignan, king of Cyprus—Political troubles of France—KingJohn taken prisoner at Poictiers—Engages in a fresh crusade—UrbanV. convokes a meeting at Avignon—Peter de Lusignan, andCharles IV., emperor of Germany, engage in the crusade—Alexandriacaptured and burnt by the Crusaders—Barbary invaded by the Christianforces—Tripoli captured and burnt—Towns of Syria destroyed—Originand history of the Turks and the Ottoman empire—Their conquests andinvasion of Greece—Constantinople menaced by the Turks—Its totteringstate—The emperors of Constantinople—Amurath, the Turkish sultan—Bajazet—Twopopes at the same time—Crusade against the Turks determinedon—Bajazet defeats the Christian forces with great slaughter—Defeatsthe Hungarians—Manuel, emperor of Constantinople, visitsFrance—Distracted state of Europe—History and conquests of Tamerlanethe Tartar—The Turks defeated, and Syria overrun by the Tartars—Bajazetraises the siege of Constantinople, and is defeated by Tamerlane—Smyrnacaptured and destroyed—The Ottomans reconquer theprovinces overrun by Tamerlane—The Greek Church submits to papalauthority—The barbarities of the Turks towards the Christians—PopeEugenius exhorts the Christian states to another crusade—CardinalJulian preaches in its favour—Amurath enters into a treaty of peacewith the Crusaders, which being violated, they are defeated with greatslaughter—Ladislaus, king of Poland, and Cardinal Julian, slain—Battleof Warna—Accession of Mahomet II. to the Ottoman throne—Hisextensive empire—Besieges Constantinople—Character of ConstantinePalæologus, the Greek emperor—His great efforts in defence of hiscapital—Mahomet takes the city by storm—Death of the emperor anddestruction of the Greek empire | pp. [92-158.] |
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| BOOK XVII.—A.D. 1453-1481. | |
| CRUSADES AGAINST THE TURKS. | |
| Consternation among the Christian states at the fall of Constantinople.—Philip,duke of Burgundy, assembles his nobility at Lille—Curiousfestival held by—Enthusiasm in favour of a crusade against the Turks—BishopSylvius, John Capistran, Frederick III. of Germany, and PopeCalixtus III. endeavour to stir up the crusade—The Turks penetrateinto Hungary—Valour of Hunniades—They are defeated at Belgrade—Analarming comet—Bishop Sylvius elected Pope—Extended conquestsof Mahomet II.—He subdues Greece—The Pope convokes an assembly atMantua to urge on the crusade—His negociations with Mahomet—Bosniaconquered—Pius II. engages personally in the crusade, reaches Ancona,and dies—Scanderberg defeats the Turks—Mahomet II. swears to annihilateChristianity—The king of Persia marches against the Turks, andhis army is destroyed—Cardinal Caraffa commands a fleet of Crusaders—Sataliaand Smyrna pillaged by the Christian forces—Possessions of theVenetians and Genoese captured by the Turks—Jacques Cœur—Cyprussubjected to the Mussulmans—Taken possession of by the Turks—Rhodesbravely defended by the knights of St. John—The Turks invade Hungaryand different parts of Europe simultaneously—Defeated by Corvinus,king of Hungary—Otranto captured by the Turks, and afterwards abandoned—PopeSextus IV. implores the aid of Christian Europe againstthe Turks—Distracted state of Italy—Death of Mahomet II., anddivisions in his family—Zizim disputes the Turkish empire with Bajazet,and visits Europe—Charles VIII. of Naples, engages in a crusadeagainst the Turks—Alphonso II. of Arragon—Italy invaded, and Romepossessed by the French—Andrew Palæologus sells his claims to theempire of the East—Death of Zizim—-Bajazet declares war againstVenice—Negotiates a treaty—Undertakes an expedition against Portugal—Commercialambition of Venice—Diet at Augsburgh—Helian’s speechagainst the Venetians—Council of Lateran convoked by Julius II.—BajazetII. dethroned, and succeeded by Selim—Disorders of Christendom—Selimconquers the king of Persia and the sultan of Egypt—Palestineand all the rival powers of the East under the domination of the Turks—Exertionsof Leo X. for reviving a crusade against them—Vida, theItalian poet—Novagero’s eulogies on Leo X.—Cultivation of Greek inItaly—Great preparations for the new crusade—Eloquence of Sadoletus,and letters of Francis I. in its favour—Sale of indulgences—Quarrels ofthe Augustines and the Dominicans—Preaching of Luther against indulgences—Solimansucceeds to the Ottoman empire—Belgrade and Rhodescaptured by the Turks—The knights of St. John expelled from Rhodes,and transferred to Malta—Francis I. made prisoner at the battle ofPavia—The Hungarians defeated by the Turks, and Louis II. slain—ClementVII. imprisoned by Charles V.—Religious distractions of Europe—Viennabesieged by the Turks—Hungary enters into a treaty of peace—Policyof Henry VIII., of Francis I., and of Charles V.—The Barbarystates taken under the protection of the Ottoman Porte—Preaching ofLuther—Heroic defence of Malta—Death of Soliman, and accession ofSelim—Capture of Cyprus—The Turks signally defeated at the navalbattle of Lepanto—Universal rejoicings throughout Christendom—Generalspread of civilization in Europe—Brilliant age of Leo X.—Themilitary power of the Turks begins to decline—Defeated by Sobieskibefore the walls of Vienna—Causes and history of their decline—TheMoors driven from Spain—State of Christendom in Europe, andprogress of the Reformation—Ignatius Loyola—Pilgrimages to the HolyLand—A spirit of resignation assumes the place of enthusiasm for thecrusades | pp. [159-250.] |
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| BOOK XVIII.—A.D. 1571-1685. | |
| Reflections on the state of Europe, on the various classes of society,and on the progress of navigation, industry, arts, and general knowledgeduring and after the crusades | pp. [251-348.] |
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| APPENDIX. | |
| Pilgrimages—Itinerary from Bordeaux to Jerusalem—Foulque of Anjou—Williamof Malmesbury—Robert of Normandy—Charlemagne—Chronicleof Tours—Letters of Bohemond, of Archbishop Daimbert, andof the principal Crusaders—Council of Naplouse—Bull of Pope EugeniusIII. for the second crusade—Letter from Saladin, detailing hiscapture of Jerusalem and the battle of Tiberias—Sermon made at Jerusalemby Mohammed Ben Zeky—Bull of Gregory VIII. A.D. 1187—Councilof Paris, held in 1188—Notes on the Greek fire—Memoir on theforest of Saron, or the enchanted forest of Tasso—Ralph Dicet—Ralphof Coggershall—Trick attempted by Saladin—Imprisonment of Richard I.—Journeyin Wales by Archbishop Baldwin—Jourdain’s letter on the“Assassins” of Syria—History of the Ismaëlians, or “Assassins”—Treatyentered into by the leaders of the Crusaders for the division ofConstantinople and the Greek empire—On the death of the marquis ofMontferrat—Fragment of Nicetas’s Chronicles on the destruction of thestatues of Constantinople by the Crusaders—Jourdain’s letter on thecrusade of children in 1212—Letter of Pope Innocent III. urging onthe crusade to the Holy Land—Poetry of the troubadours for the crusades—Funeralceremonies of the Prussians—Letter from Count d’Artoison the taking of Damietta—Letter of St. Louis on his captivity anddeliverance—List of the great officers or knights who followed St. Louisto Tunis—Instructions of St. Louis addressed on his death-bed to Philip-le-Hardi—EdwardI., king of England, and his attempted assassination—Openingof the troncs in France, and expenditure of the receipts—Memoirof Leibnitz, addressed to Louis XIV.—Capitulations betweenFrance and the Ottoman Porte—Raynouard’s note on Hanmer’s “MysteriumBaphometi Revelatum” | pp. [349-500.] |
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| General Index | p. [501.] |
HISTORY
OF
THE CRUSADES.