A History of England, Period I. Mediæval Monarchy

by J. Franck Bright

[INDEX]

Acre, siege of, [119];
taken by Richard I., [120]
Adela, daughter of Robert of Flanders, marries Cnut, [54]
Ælfgar, son of Leofric, given Harold’s earldom of the East Angles, [22];
succeeds his father as Earl of Mercia, [23]
Ælfgyfu, wife of King Edwy, [12], [13]
Ælfric, Ealdorman of the Mercians, deserts Wiltshire and Salisbury, [17]
Æthelbald, son of Æthelwulf, marries Judith, [6];
conspires against his father, [6]
Æthelberht, Bretwalda, King of Kent, first Christian king, [3]
Æthelberht, King of Wessex and Kent, [6]
Æthelflæd, daughter of Alfred, Lady of the Mercians, [9];
her castles, [10]
Æthelfrith, King of Northumbria, [2]
Ætheling, legitimate son of the royal family, [34]
Æthelmær, brother of Stigand, Bishop of the East Angles, [49]
Æthelred, King of Wessex and Kent, repels the Danes, [7]
Æthelred the Unready, his enmity to Dunstan, [15];
his weak rule, quarrels with Cumberland and Normandy, [16];
marries Emma, massacres the Danes, [17];
flies to Normandy, is recalled and restored, [18];
dies, [19]
Æthelstan, son of Eadward, incorporates Bernicia, his supremacy acknowledged by Scotland, [11]
Æthelwine, Bishop of Durham, receives Robert de Comines, [46];
deprived and outlawed, [49];
at Hereward’s camp, [50];
made prisoner, [51]
Æthelwulf, King of Wessex, fights against the Danes, forms a connection with Rome, divides his kingdom, [6]
Agriculture, the early system, [28];
ignorance of, causes famine, [72];
neglected, [87];
effect of the Black Death on, [229];
sheep farms, [256];
improvement in, [267]
Aldan, missionary from Iona, [4]
Alan Fergant of Brittany joins Philip of France against William I., marries William’s daughter Constance, [53];
his son joins Matilda, [82]
Alexander II. of Scotland, swears fealty to John, [132]
Alexander III. of Scotland, swears fealty to Edward 1., [172];
dies, [181]
Alexander II., Pope, sends a ring and banner to William I., [25]
Alexander III., Pope, acknowledged by France and England, lives at Sens, [94];
anxious to secure Henry II.’s friendship, gives Becket slight support, [96];
receives him on his flight from England, returns to Italy, Frederick of Germany still refuses to acknowledge him, intercourse forbidden by Henry II. between him and England, [98];
appoints legates to examine Becket’s case, [99];
removes the excommunications, [100];
he suspends Becket, [100];
sends a commission, [100];
after Becket’s death sends legates for a formal inquiry, [101];
Henry II. promises adhesion to, [103]
Alfred the Great, anointed at Rome, [6];
conquers the Danes at Ashdown, [7];
makes peace, [7];
improves the fleet, [8];
flies from the Danes, [8];
defeats them at Edington, [8];
makes the Treaty of Wedmore, [8];
establishes supremacy over Northumbria, [9];
his character, [9]
Alfred, son of Æthelred, retires to Normandy, [19];
returns to Essex and is murdered, [21]
Alice, sister of Philip II., quarrel concerning, [112];
repudiated by Richard I., [118]
Allodial proprietor, or freeman, [33]
Alphege, Archbishop of Canterbury, killed by the Danes, [18];
reburied with honour by Cnut at Canterbury, [20]
Amiens, award of, [162]
Angles, come from Sleswig, [1];
settle in England, [2]
Anjou [see [Fulk] and [Geoffrey]], Henry II. conquers, [91]
Anselm, Fitz-Arthur, delays the funeral of William I., [55]
Anselm, Abbot of Bec, made Archbishop of Canterbury, [61];
reforms the Church, opposes William II., William accuses him of remissness in an expedition against Wales, [62];
he retires to Rome, [62];
recalled by Henry I., [63];
threatens to excommunicate Robert’s friends, [65];
swears fealty to Matilda, [69];
asserts the independence of the Church, goes to Rome, submits to a compromise at Bec, holds a synod at Westminster, [71]
Appellants, impeach the friends of Richard II., [248]
Appellants against Gloucester promoted, [252];
deprived, [276];
conspire against Henry IV., [277]
Armagnacs, quarrel with Burgundians, [284-290];
have charge of the war, [292]
Army, house-carls, [20];
militia, [25];
javelins and axes the national weapons at Battle of Hastings, [26];
arrows at Battle of the Standard, [80];
change in character of, [225], [227];
raised by contract, [268]
Arras, congress of, [314]
Artevelt, alliance with Edward III., [219];
offers to make Prince of Wales Count of Flanders, murdered, [224]
Arthur, son of Geoffrey of Brittany, guardianship claimed by Philip II., [111];
supported by Longchamp, [121];
Richard I.’s recognition of, not renewed, supported by Philip, [126];
does homage to him, deserted by him, [127];
besieges Queen Eleanor, [128];
his death, [129]
Arundel, Bishop of Ely, Chancellor, [247];
deposed, [249];
Archbishop of Canterbury, banished, [252];
supports Henry IV., [254];
deprived of his chancellorship, [288]
Arundel, Lord, one of the Lords Appellants, [248];
arrested, [251];
executed, [252]
Ascough, minister under Suffolk, [318];
executed, [320]
Assize of Clarendon and of Northampton, [106], [108]
Augustine, the Missionary, comes to England, [3]
Auxerre, Treaty of, [284];
its effect, [290]
Badby; burnt, [288]
Bagsecg, a Danish leader, [7]
Baldwin of Flanders takes Philip II. prisoner, [124]
Baldwin of Redvers rebels against Stephen, [79]
Balliol, John, claims the Scotch throne, [182];
decided by Edward I., [183];
his position, [183];
his rebellion, [185]
Balliol, Edward, first invasion of Scotland, [216];
second invasion, [217]
Bamborough, founded by Ida, [2];
Mowbray besieged in, [59]
Banking-houses of Italy, [179];
of Bardi, [224]
Bari, Council of, [62]
Barons of the Exchequer, [75], [106];
assessed the taxes, [114]
Battles—
Agincourt, [295]
Arsouf, [120]
Assandun, [19]
Auray, [234]
Aylesford, [2]
Bannockburn, [203]
Basing, [7]
Beaugé, [301]
Blore Heath, [325]
Boroughbridge, [207]
Bouvines, [136]
Bramham, [282]
Brenneville, [68]
Brentford, [19]
Brunanburh, [11]
Châlons, [172]
Cressy, [225], [227]
Cricklade, [10]
Deorham, [2]
Dol, [104]
Dunbar, [185]
Edington, [8]
Ellandune, [5]
Englefield, [7]
Evesham, [167]
Ferrybridge, [328]
Formigny, [319]
Halidon Hill, [217]
Hastings, [26]
Heathfield, [3]
Hedgeley Moor, [329]
Hengestesdun, [5]
Herrings, the, [308]
Hettin, [111]
Hexham, [329]
Ipswich, [18]
Lewes, [163]
Lincoln, [83], [142]
Maldon, [16]
Maserfield, [4]
Merton, [7]
Mortimer’s Cross, [327]
Mount Badon, [2]
Navarette, [235]
Neville’s Cross, [228]
Northampton, [325]
Ockley, [6]
Orford, [19]
Otterbourne, [249]
Pataye, [310]
Pen Selwood, [19]
Poitiers, [231]
Puysac, [67]
Radcot, [248]
Reading, [7]
Rochelle, [236]
Sherstone, [19]
Shrewsbury, [280]
Stamford Bridge, [26]
Sluys, [220]
St. Albans, [323], [327]
St. Cloud, [284]
Swanage, [8]
Tenchebray, [66]
Tewkesbury, [335]
The Standard, [80]
Thetford, [7]
Towton, [328]
Verneuil, [305]
Wakefield, [327]
Wilton, [7], [84]
Basset, the Justiciary, hangs forty-four thieves at one Court, [74]
Beauchamp, Guy, second Earl of Warwick, opposes Gaveston, [200];
beheads him, [202]
Beauchamp, Thomas, fourth Earl, one of the Lords Appellant, [248];
arrested, [251];
exiled, [252]
Beauchamp, Richard, fifth Earl, succeeds York in France, [315]
Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, quarrels with Gloucester, [306];
lends troops to Bedford, [311];
legate, attacked by Gloucester, [312];
at Arras, [314];
visits Edinburgh, [315];
head of peace party, [316];
dies, [318]
Beaumont, Robert, Count of Mellent, good adviser of William I. and II., [62];
supports Henry I., his large property, [65];
dies, [68]
Beaumont, Waleram, Count of Mellent (son of Robert), opposes the Church, [81], [82];
offers the crown to Theobald, [83]
Beaumont, Robert, Earl of Leicester (second son of Robert), offers the crown to Theobald, [83];
joins Henry of Anjou, [85];
left in charge of England, [91];
ordered to pronounce sentence against Becket, [98];
joins the Great Rebellion, [104]
Beaumont, Henry de (no relation to Counts of Mellent), favourite of Edward II., [201], [204]
Bec, compromise at, [71]
Beck, Anthony, Bishop of Durham, agent of Edward I., [172];
sent to Scotland, [181]
Becket, first employed by Archbishop Theobald, [91];
made Chancellor, [92];
his magnificence, arranges Prince Henry’s marriage, [92];
joins in Henry II.’s war with France, [93];
made Archbishop, [95];
changes his life, resigns his temporal offices, [95];
upholds the encroachments of the Church, case of Philip Brois, [95];
accepts the Constitutions of Clarendon, then retracts, [95];
his reason for objecting, summoned to a council at Northampton, [96];
charges against him, [97];
his courage, leaves the court before judgment is given, and escapes to Gravelines, [98];
puts himself under the protection of Louis VII., [98];
favourably received by the Pope, [98];
he excommunicates his enemies, retires to Sens, [99];
meets the legates, but refuses to retract, suspended by the Pope, repeats his excommunications, [100];
Henry yields, but refuses the kiss of peace, [100];
at Fretheval he receives the kiss and a safe-conduct to England, returns, and continues his excommunications, his death, [101];
Henry does penance at his shrine, [105];
his bones removed to Canterbury Cathedral, [143]
Bedford. [See [John].]
Belesme, Robert de, son of Roger of Montgomery, opposes William II., [57];
quarrels with Grantmesnil, [58];
succeeds his brother Hugh as Earl of Shrewsbury, [59];
constant opponent of Henry I., his great possessions, [65];
Henry takes four castles from him, [66];
he retires to Normandy, [66];
taken prisoner by Henry at Bonneville, [67];
his cruelties, [73]
Benedictine rule, introduced into England by Dunstan, [15];
abbey established at Chester by Anselm, [61]
Bercta, Christian wife of Æthelberht, [3]
Berengaria, daughter of Raymond of Barcelona, betrothed to Richard I., [93];
marries him, [118]
Bernicia, a division of Northumbria, [2];
conquered by Æthelstan, [11];
made an earldom by Dunstan, [15]
Bigod, Roger, supports Henry I. against Robert, [65]
Bigod, Hugh (son of Roger), takes the Earldom of East Anglia (Norfolk), [79];
declares for Henry II., [86];
surrenders castles, [91];
joins the Great Rebellion, [104]
Bigod, Roger, fourth Earl of Norfolk, one of the council, [159]
Bigod, Hugh (his brother), escapes, [164]
Birinus, converts Wessex, [4]
Black Death, [229];
its effect on labour, [267]
Black Prince, at Cressy, [227];
his expedition, [229];
at Poitiers, [231];
in Aquitaine, [234], [285];
illness, [236];
his political party, [239];
dies, [240]
Blanche of Castile, engaged to Louis, [127];
rules France, [145];
defeats Henry, [148]
Blanchelande, Treaty of, [52]
Blanchetaque, ford of, [225], [293]
Bocland, explained, [31]
Bohun, third Earl of Hereford, refuses to command the army for Guienne, [187]
Bohun, fourth Earl, marries daughter of Edward I., chief of the baronial party, [202];
killed, [207]
Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury, [151];
wastes his see, [154];
lives abroad, [158];
collects an army, [164]
Borough, origin of, [32]
Bouchier, Robt., [1]st lay chancellor, [221], [239]
Bouchier, Thomas, archbishop and chancellor, [322]
Breakspear, the only English Pope, Adrian IV., [90];
grants Ireland to Henry I., [91]
Brember, Sir Nicholas, impeached, [248];
executed, [249]
Brétigny, Peace of, [233]
Bretwalda, title of the dominant chief, [2]
Brian Fitz-Count, grandson of William I., holds Wallingford for Matilda, [82];
attests her oath, [83];
defends Wallingford against Stephen, [85]
Brihtnoth, fights the Battle of Maldon, [16]
Brihtric, brother of Eadric Streona, [17]
Britons expel the Romans, [1];
invite the Saxons, [1];
their possessions in the West, [3];
independent north of the Dee, [5]
Brittany, suzerainty of, given up by Louis VI. to Henry I., [67];
Henry II. gets a hold upon it by securing Nantes, [92];
Earl Conan grants it to Henry II, [99];
does homage to France, [127];
alliance with England, [145];
disputed succession in, [222];
war in, [243];
alliance with Henry V., [298];
with France, [307];
with England, [307];
with France, [313];
receives the Tudors; 336;
banishes them, [347]
Bruce, claim to the Scotch throne, [182];
an English judge, [191]
Bruce, Robert, grandson of the claimant, [191];
murders Comyn, crowned, [192];
reconquers Scotland, [199];
wins Battle of Bannockburn, [203];
his offer of peace rejected, [204];
excommunicated, [205];
truce with, [206];
promises help to the rebel barons, [207];
title acknowledged by Edward II., [208];
war with Edward III., marriage treaty, [214];
dies, [216];
his use of infantry, [227]
Bruce, Edward, accepts the throne of Ireland, [204];
killed, [205]
Buckingham. [See [Stafford].]
Burgundy, Duke of (uncle of Charles VI.), disputes power with Orleans, [280]
Burgundy, John, murders Orleans, [282];
negotiates with Henry V., [291];
holds aloof from the war, [292];
joins the Queen’s party, [298];
deserts Rouen, [299];
murdered, [300]
Burgundy, Philip, son of John, negotiates with Henry V., [300];
alliance with Bedford, [304];
alliance weakened by Gloucester, [305];
obtains the Netherlands, [306];
renewed alliance, [307];
quarrel with Bedford, [312];
alliance with France, [314]
Burgundy, Charles the Bold, marries Margaret, sister of Edward IV., [331];
alliance with Edward against France, [337];
death of, [336]
Burgundy, Mary of, proposals of marriage for, [336];
marries Maximilian, dies, [339]
Burhred, King of Mercia, [7], [8]
Burnell, Chancellor, [172];
his advice, [179]
Cade, Jack, his rebellion, [320]
Calais, siege of, [228]
Calne, Dunstan’s synod at, [15]
Calverley, general of the Free Companies, [234]
Castles, built by Eadward, the nucleus of towns, [10];
built by William I. as garrisons, [43], [45-47];
set up in Wales, [59];
Wales kept in subjection by, [70];
multiplied in Stephen’s reign, a sign of anarchy, [80];
tortures perpetrated in them, [87];
number of, [90];
put down by Henry II., [90]
Catesby, favourite of Richard III., [345];
speaker of his Parliament, [346];
couplet on him, [347]
Catherine of France, marries Henry V., [300]
Caxton, introduces printing, [353]
Ceawlin, a Bretwalda, [2]
Cenwulf, Christian king of Mercia, [4]
Ceolwulf, a Danish agent, king of Mercia, [8]
Ceorl, or freeman, [29]

Cerdic, a Saxon leader, [2]
Chancellor of the Exchequer, his duties, [75];
head of the secretaries, [106]
Chandos, English general in France, [234], [235]
Charlemagne corresponds with Offa, [5];
checks the Danes, [5]
Charles d’Albret, Constable of France, [292];
his character, [293]
Charles IV. demands homage of Edward II., [209]
Charles VI., accession, [234];
foments rebellion in Aquitaine, [235];
his daughter marries Richard II., [251];
his madness, [290];
dies, [302]
Charles VII., becomes Dauphin, [298];
rescued by Duchâtel, [299];
succeeds to the throne, [302];
character of, [304]:
crowned at Rheims, [310];
enters Paris, [315]
Charter, the Great. [See [Magna].]
Charter of Henry I., [64];
of Stephen, [78]
Chartres, treaty of, [189]
Chateau-Gaillard, taken by Philip, [129]
Chaucer, [271], [273], [274]
Chester, conquered by Ecgberht, [5];
a Danish burgh, [8];
taken by William, [48];
made a Palatine county, [51];
constant fighting with Wales, [58]
Chicheley, Archbishop of Canterbury, persecutes the Lollards, [289];
grants money for the French War, [291]
Chinon, peace of, [136];
renewed, [143]
Church, organized by Theodore of Tarsus, [4];
increased importance of, [14];
Dunstan’s reforms, [15];
its important position at the time of the Conquest, [36];
marriage of the clergy permitted, [36];
ecclesiastical and secular jurisdiction separated, [38], [49];
its national character, [48];
William I. tries to Romanize it, [38], [48];
marriage of the clergy forbidden by Lanfranc, [49];
William I. head of, [49];
general improvement of, [50];
oppressed by William II., his bad appointments, [60];
archbishopric vacant four years after Lanfranc’s death, [61];
want of discipline in, [61];
Anselm defends ecclesiastical rights, [62];
his reforms, [62];
Irish and Scotch bishops acknowledge the supremacy of Canterbury, [62];
laymen forbidden to confer investitures, [62];
dispute between Anselm and Henry I. as to the supremacy of the Church or State, [71];
ends in a compromise at Bec, [71];
decrees against abuses in the Church at a synod at Westminster, [71];
its civilizing power, [71];
continued bad appointments in, [72];
its influence secures Stephen the throne, [77];
its great power, [78];
offended by Stephen, espouses Matilda’s cause, [81], [82], [83];
mediates a compromise between Stephen and Prince Henry, [86];
gives scutage in Henry II.’s wars with Wales, [91];
and with France, [93];
abuses arising from the clergy not being amenable to the secular courts, [94];
claims upheld by Becket, [95], [96];
Richard I.’s ransom chiefly paid by, [123];
dispute as to the election of archbishops, [130];
interdict in John’s reign, [131];
money extorted from, [133];
rights secured by Magna Charta, [138];
supports De Burgh, [143];
Langton resists Papal tyranny, [144], [146], [147];
society formed against foreign priests, [148];
opposes Des Roches, [150];
joins the lay opposition, [152];
revival in, [153];
foreign priests, [155];
Papal extortions, [158];
Statute of Mortmain, [175], [196];
half their property demanded by Edward I., [185];
refuses further grants, [186];
outlawed, [187];
represented in Parliament, [194];
quarrel with Edward II., [209];
Edward III. attempts to exclude the Bishops from Parliament, [221];
begins to be disliked by the people, [238], [239];
attacked by Wicliffe, [245], [267];
Statute of Provisors, [250];
hated by the people, [266];
supported by Henry IV., [284];
persecutes the Lollards, [289];
urges Henry V. to the French war, [290];
grants him the incomes of priories held by foreigners, [291];
remains prosperous during the war, [318];
retains its property during the Wars of the Roses, [340];
loses spirituality and sympathy with the people, [350]
Cistercian order, Henry II. threatens to expel it for receiving Becket, [99]
Clare, Richard de, Earl of Gloucester, head of the Barons, [159];
quarrels with De Montfort, [161];
commands the baronial party, dies, [162]
Clare, Gilbert de, Earl of Gloucester, joins De Montfort, [162];
on the committee, [164];
deserts De Montfort, [166];
rejoins the baronial party, [168];
governor in Edward I.’s absence, [172]
Clarence. [See [Lionel] and [Thomas].]
Clarence, George, son of Richard of York, marriage, [332];
supports Wells’ rebellion, [333];
accompanies Warwick, [334];
joins Edward, [335];
quarrels with Richard, [336];
his death, [337]
Clifford, killed at St. Albans, [323];
northern lord, opponent of the Nevilles, [324]
Clifford (his son), killed at Ferrybridge, [328]
Clifford, executed by Richard III., [347]
Cnut, son of Swegen, acknowledged King of England by the Danes, compelled to retreat, [18];
Edmund cedes to him Northumbria and Mercia, acknowledged King of England on Edmund’s death, banishes the royal family, [19];
desires to form a Scandinavian empire, his code of laws, goes to Rome, [20]
Cnut, King of Denmark, threatens to invade England, [54];
dies, [55]
Cobham, Lord, joins York, [321]
Coinage, false, forbidden, [64];
issued, [72];
severe punishment against, [74];
habit of breaking it, [74];
private coinage, [86];
renewed by Edward I., [175];
described in Edward III.’s time, [258], [259]
Columba founds Iona, [4]
Comitatus, body of warriors attending a chief, [30]
Commendation, explained, [31];
reasons for, [33]
Comyn, member of the regency, [181];
his claim to the throne, [182]
Comyn, John, regent, [190];
makes a treaty with Edward I., [191];
murdered, [192]
Conan, a citizen of Rouen, rebels against Robert, [57]
Conan, Prince of Brittany, marries a daughter of Henry I., [67];
grants Brittany to Henry II., [99]
Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem, [119], [120]
Constance, daughter of William I., marries Alan Fergant of Brittany, [53]
Constance, marries Geoffrey, son of Henry II., [99];
upholds Arthur’s claims, [126]
Constantine, King of Scotland, receives Guthrith, defeated by Æthelstan, acknowledges his supremacy, [11]
Constitutions of Clarendon, produced by Henry II., [95];
description of, [96];
Becket accepts and recants, [96];
Henry II. promises to abrogate, [103]
Conversion of the English, [3]
Convocation, origin of, [193]
Copsige, Earl of Bernicia, killed in a revolt, [44]
Cornwall, British possession, [3];
submits to Wessex, [5];
alliance with the Danes, [5]
Cosne, siege of, [301]
Cotentin given to Robert of Normandy, [65]
Councils—
of Bari, [62];
of Rome, [62];
of Clarendon, [95];
of Northampton, [96];
of Lyons, [154]
Courcy, fights in Ireland, [103];
suppressed by De Lacey, [132]
Courtenay, Thomas, sixth Earl of Devonshire, with York, [320];
at war with Lord Bonville, [321];
joins Henry VI., [323];
beheaded, [329]
Courtenay, John, eighth Earl (brother of Thomas), killed at Tewkesbury, [335]
Courts (of law and justice) before the Conquest, [32-34];
modified by William I., [37], [38];
by Henry I., [74-76];
dispute between secular and ecclesiastical, [94], [96];
reorganized by Henry II., [106], [107], [108];
superiority of central courts increased, [124], [125]
Cressingham, Treasurer of Scotland, [186];
defeated by Wallace, [189]
Cromwell, Ralph, treasurer, [313];
joins York, [321]
Crusades, Robert pledges Normandy to be free to join in, [59];
his success at Dorylæum and Ascalon, [65];
Ivo of Grantmesnil at the siege of Antioch, [65];
preached by St. Bernard, [84];
Henry II. promises to go on one, [103];
causes for the third, [110];
urged by the Pope, [111];
preached by Heraclius, Bishop of Jerusalem, [111];
bad effect of, in England, [116];
of Richard I., [117-121];
perversions of, [153];
made excuse for taxes, [146], [155]
Cumberland, overrun by Danes, [8];
refuses to pay the Danegelt, [16];
a Scotch district, [51];
William II. peoples it from the destroyed villages near Winchester, [58];
David I. does homage for, [79]
Curia Regis, established by William I., [38];
organized by Henry I., [75];
has no legislative authority, [76];
reconstituted by Henry II., [106];
restricted to five persons, [107]
Customs, origin of, [174]
Cymric, a Saxon leader, [2]
Cytric of Northumbria does fealty to Æthelstan, [11]
Danes, first appearance of, [5];
winter in Thanet, [6];
conquer Northumbria and East Anglia, [7];
further conquests, treaty of Wedmore, [8];
in Ireland, [11], [14];
in the Lothians, [14];
fresh invasions in Æthelred’s reign, [15];
massacred by Æthelred, [17];
fresh invasion under Thurkill, [17]
Danegelt, begun by Æthelred at Sigeric’s advice, [16];
imposed by William I. on Cnut’s threatened invasion, [54];
Henry II. makes scutage take its place, [93];
farmed, [113];
renewed by Richard I., [125]
Danelagu, country granted to the Danes, [10];
joins Swegen, [18]
Danish burghs, names of, [8];
Edmund Ironside gets possession of them, [18]
David of Wales, his rebellion and death, [176]
David I., King of Scotland, supports Matilda’s claims, conspiracy to make him King of England, invades England, [79]
David II. of Scotland, marries Jane, sister of Edward III., [214];
deposed by Balliol, takes refuge in France, [217];
invades England, taken prisoner, [228];
his conduct as prisoner, [231];
released, [232]
Decretals, False, note, [94], [96]
Deira, southern division of Northumbria, [2]
De Lacey. [See [Lacey].]
Derby, son of Henry of Lancaster, sent to Gascony, [224]
Dermot, King of Leinster, carries off O’Ruark’s wife, [102];
does homage to Henry II, Strongbow marries his daughter, [102]
Despenser, Thomas, made Earl of Gloucester, [252];
deprived, [276];
executed, [277]
Despensers, favourites of Edward II., [204];
power increases, [205];
quarrel with the Welsh marchers, banished, [206];
recalled, [207];
triumphant, [208];
prevent Edward II. from going to France, [209];
executed, [210]
Devonshire. [See [Courtenay].]
Domain, royal, origin of, [31], [33];
increased by William I., [43];
granted by Stephen to his new earls, [80];
source of royal revenue, [113]
Domesday-Book, a register of land, [38];
entries of “waste” in it, [47];
Hereward’s property mentioned in, [51];
made by William I., [55];
Ralph Flambard proposes to complete it, [57];
surveyors for it examined on oath, [108];
a similar survey ordered by Richard I., [125]
Dominicans, in England, [153]
Dress, in Edward III.’s time, [263]
Dublin, a Danish town, conquered by Strongbow, surrendered to Henry II., [102];
colonized by English, [103]
Dunois, French general, [310]
Dunstan, legends concerning him, [12];
his life, [13];
his imperial rule, [14];
his reform of the Church, [15];
his enemies force him to retire, [15]
Dyfed, a province in Wales, granted to Arnulf of Montgomery, [59]
Dymock, joins Wells’ rebellion, [333]
Eadgar the Peaceful, Dunstan raises him to an imperial position, [14], [15]
Eadgar, grandson of Edmund Ironside, Harold elected king instead of, [24];
elected king by the Southern Witan, [41];
offers the crown to William, [41];
attempts a rebellion, flies to Scotland, [45];
returns, [46];
received by Malcolm Canmore, [51];
serves with Robert of Normandy, taken prisoner at Tenchebray, but set free, [66];
dies, [67]
Eadred, conquers Northumbria, [11];
his reign, [13]
Eadric Streona, his bad influence, marries Æthelred’s daughter Edith, [17];
his treachery, [18];
Cnut employs him to kill Edwy, [19];
made Earl of Mercia, [20];
put to death, [20]
Eadric the Forester, or the Wild, ravages Hereford, [44];
supports Eadgar against William I., [45];
besieges Shrewsbury, and is defeated, [46], [47];
goes with William to Scotland, [52]
Eadward the Elder, his reign, [10], [11]
Eadward the Martyr, [15]
Eadwine, King of Northumbria, [3]
Ealdred, Archbishop of York, offers William I. the crown, [41];
death of, [49]
Ealdorman, origin of, [29];
rise of, [31];
duties of, [32]
Earl, origin of, [29], [35]
Earldoms, Dunstan divides Northumbria into three, [14];
Cnut divides England into four, [20];
Godwine’s family obtain large, [22];
William I. limits their size to one county each, [37], [43];
only three in 1131, [80];
Stephen creates many, [80]
East Anglia, foundation of, [2];
subject to Kent, conversion of, conquered by Eadwine, [3];
conquered by Danes, [7];
helps Hasting against Alfred, [9];
acknowledges the supremacy of Wessex, [10];
supports Dunstan’s party, [13];
repels the Danish invasion in Æthelred’s reign, [16];
resists the Danes under Ulfcytel, [17];
Cnut makes it an earldom, [20];
helps Harold against William I., [26];
Ralph of Gwader, Earl of, [52];
Bigod becomes Earl of, [79]
Ecgberht, King of Wessex, secures its supremacy, [5]
Edith, daughter of Godwine, marries Edward the Confessor, [21];
dies, [53]
Edmund, King of East Anglia, [7]
Edmund, King, [11];
makes Osulf Earl of Northumbria, [12];
grants part of Strathclyde to Scotland, [12]
Edmund Ironside marries the wife of Sigeferth, [18];
chosen king by London, [19];
fights five battles against the Danes, [19];
gives up Northumbria and Mercia to Cnut, [19]
Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury, [147];
causes Des Roches’ fall, [150];
his death, [151];
his reforms, [153]
Edmund, son of Henry III., accepts the kingdom of Sicily, [157];
governor in Henry III.’s absence, [172];
negotiates with Philip IV., [184]
Edmund, fifth son of Edward III., Duke of Cambridge and York, fighting in France, [235];
his marriage, [236];
friendly to Richard II., [249], [251];
assists Lancaster, [253]
Edmund, Earl of March, ignored by Henry IV., [276];
attempted escape, [280];
reinstated by Henry V., [288];
conspiracy to crown him, [292]
Edmund, Duke of Rutland, son of Richard of York, escapes to Ireland, [325];
beheaded, [327]
Edward I., governor of Gascony, [156];
engaged to Eleanor, [157];
a reformer, [160];
joins his father against the Barons, [162];
prisoner after Lewes, [163];
desire for his release, [164];
escapes, [166];
wins battle of Evesham, receives De Montfort’s property, [167];
goes on a crusade, [168];
his coronation, [172];
his character, [173];
conquers Wales, [175], [176];
mediator between France and Aragon, [178];
checks disturbances, banishes the Jews, [179];
proposes a marriage treaty with Scotland, [181];
death of his wife, [182];
awards the crown of Scotland, [183];
war with France, [184];
with Scotland, [185], [186];
outlaws the clergy, [187];
arbitrary taxation, [187], [188];
goes to Flanders, [188];
makes treaty of Chartres, [189];
marries Margaret, [190];
defeats Wallace, [190];
second conquest of Scotland, [191];
death, [192]
Edward II., betrothed to Maid of Norway, [181];
governor in Edward I.’s absence, [187], [188];
betrothed to Isabella, [190];
his character 197;
favours to Gaveston, first expedition to Scotland, [198];
imprisons the Templars; 199;

second invasion of Scotland, [200];
restores Gaveston, flies from Lancaster, [202];
third invasion of Scotland, Bannockburn, [203];
accepts Lancaster as Minister, [205];
favours the Despensers, [206];
fourth invasion of Scotland, [208];
quarrels with the Church, with France, [209];
taken prisoner, [210];
murdered, [211]
Edward III., engaged to Philippa, [210];
made king, [211];
overthrows Mortimer, [215];
receives Balliol’s fealty, his claim to the French throne, [217];
prepares for war, [219];
assumes the title of King of France, wins the battle of Sluys, [220];
displaces his ministry, quarrels with Stratford, [221];
supports John of Montfort, [222];
lands at La Hogue, [225];
battle of Cressy, [227]
Edward IV., takes refuge in Calais, lands with Warwick, [325];
collects troops, [326];
enters London, [327];
wins the battle of Towton, [328];
his first Parliament, [329];
his marriage, [300];
his Burgundian policy, [331];
imprisoned by Warwick, [333];
escapes to Flanders, [334];
wins the battle of Barnet, [335];
quarrels with Clarence, [336];
expedition to France, [337];
projects of marriage, [338];
death and character, [339]
Edward V., brought to London, [342];
deposed, [343];
murdered, [345]
Edward, son of Henry VI., born, [322];
marries Anne of Warwick, [334];
killed, [335]
Edward, son of Edward IV., captured, [343];
murdered, [345]
Edward, son of Richard III., dies, [347]
Edward, son of Æthelred, kept in Normandy, [19]
Edward, son of Edmund Ironside, sent abroad, [19];
dies, [23]
Edward the Confessor, elected king, [21];
his love of Frenchmen, [22];
his character and death, [24];
names Harold his successor, [25]
Edwin, son of Ælfgar, succeeds to his earldom of Mercia, [24];
defeated by Tostig, [26];
deserts Harold, [26];
hopes to be elected king, [40];
refuses to assist Eadgar, [41];
reinstated in his earldom, [44];
joins a rebellion, but submits to William I., [45];
joins Hereward’s rebellion, [50];
is killed, [50]
Edwy, King, legends concerning him, [12];
banishes Dunstan, [13];
divides the kingdom with Eadgar, [13]
Eleanor, divorced wife of Louis VII., marries Henry of Anjou, [85];
her claim to Toulouse causes war between England and France, [92];
she urges her sons to rebellion, [103];
is disliked by Henry, [109];
restrains John in Richard’s absence, [122];
boldly opposes him, [123];
assists John against Arthur, [126];
besieged in Mirabeau, [128]
Eleanor, daughter of Henry II., marries Alphonso of Castile, [109];
connects England with Spain, [114]
Eleanor of Provence, marries Henry III., [151];
assaulted by the Londoners, [162];
assembles an army, [164]
Eleanor of Castile, marries Edward I., [157];
her death, [182]
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., proposed marriages for, [338], [345], [347]
Ella, leader of the Saxons, called Bretwalda, [2]
Ella, King of Northumbria, [7]
Emma, daughter of Richard the Fearless, marries Æthelred, [17];
followed by many Normans, [17];
retires to Normandy, [19];
marries Cnut, [20]
Emma, sister of Fitz-Osbern, marries Ralph, [52];
defends Norwich, [53]
English language, Provisions of Oxford published in, [160], [170];
becomes the language of the people, [271];
statute of Parliament in, [272];
made national by Chaucer, [273]
Englishry, law of, explained, [48]
Equitable power, meaning of, [76]
Esplechin, treaty of, [220]
Essex, Earl of, judicial duel between him and De Montfort, [91]
Ethel, land held by hereditary succession, [31]
Ethelbald, King of Mercia, [4]
Ethelric, Bishop of Selsey, [49]
Eustace of Boulogne, husband of Edward the Confessor’s sister, [22];
attacks William’s town of Dover, [44]
Eustace, son of Stephen, Henry of Winchester demands from Matilda his foreign possessions for him, [84];
Stephen brings him forward in opposition to Prince Henry, [85];
dies, [86];
Papal bull obtained to prevent his coronation, [92]
Exchequer Court organized by Roger of Salisbury, [75];
origin of the name, [106]
Exeter, conquered by the Danes, [8], [17];
faithful to Harold, [44];
desires independence, [45];
captured by William, [45]
Exeter, Earl of. [See [Holland].]
Eye, castle of, given to Becket, [92];
he borrows money on, [97]
Falconbridge. [See [Neville].]
Fastolf, Sir John, at battle of the Herrings, [308];
at Pataye, [310]
Faukes de Breauté, destruction of, [145]
Ferrand of Flanders, [133];
attacks Philip II., [134]
Ferrars of Derby joins the Great Rebellion against Henry II., [104]
Feudal system existed in England before the Conquest, [28];
its institutions in Germany before the Saxon invasion, [29];
origin of the connection between vassal and lord, [30];
German institutions introduced into England, [31];
connection between land and judicial power, [33];
every man made the man of the King, [35];
its natural growth checked by William I., [37];
fresh institutions introduced, [37];
unbridled in Stephen’s reign, [78];
introduction of new nobles, [137];
chivalry takes its place, [270]
Finance. [See [Taxes].]
Fitz-Gerald, son of Nesta invades Ireland with Strongbow, [102]
Fitz-Gilbert, fights against Wales, [78];
dies, [79]
Fitz-Gilbert at Marlborough, [82]
Fitz-Osbern, made Earl of Hereford, [43];
the North left in his charge, [44];
given the castle of York, [46];
subdues the Rebellion in the West, [47]
Fitz-Osbern, Roger, his conspiracy, [52], [53]
Fitz-Peter, Geoffrey, Justiciary, [125];
Earl of Essex, [126];
character and death, [135]
Flanders, Philip, Count of, threatens to invade England, [100];
joins the Rebellion against Henry II., [104]
Fleet, improved by Alfred, [9];
made powerful by Eadgar, [14];
collected by Æthelred against the Danes, [17];
condition of, in Edward III.’s reign, [261], [262]
Flemings, Henry I., colonizes Wales with, [70]
Folcland, public land, [31];
becomes royal domain, [33];
made crown property by William I., [43]
Food, profusion of, [264]
Franchise explained, [76]
Franciscans, their success in England, [153]
Frankpledge, described, [35];
cannot be proved before the Conquest, [37];
used by Henry I. as the basis of his police system, [74];
the Hundred Court saw to its being carried out, [76]
Frederick Barbarossa, asserts the supremacy of the secular power; sets up a rival Pope Victor IV., [94];
on Victor’s death sets up Pascal III., [98];
asks for two daughters of Henry II. for his son, and for Henry of Saxony, [99];
punishes Henry for deserting him, [109];
dies on his way to the third crusade, [119]
Free Companies of France, [232-234]
Free-holders degenerate into villeins, [35]
Froissart, his account of Gloucester, [251];
describes Richard II.’s rule, [253]
Fulk IV. of Anjou, assists Maine against William I., [52];
against William II., [59];
assists Henry I. against Robert, [66];
supports William Clito against Henry I., [68];
is won back by Henry, [68];
turns against him on Robert’s death, [69]
Fulthorpe, betrays Richard II.’s plans to Gloucester, [248];
convicts Scrope and Mowbray, [281]
Gascoigne, Judge, refuses to convict Scrope and Mowbray, [281];
removed, [288]
Gascony, De Montfort’s government of, [156]
Gaston de Bearn, his rebellion, [156];
treaty with Edward I., [172]
Gaveston, Piers, favourite of Edward II., banished, [198];
returns, [199];
anger of the Barons against, banished, [200];
returns, beheaded, [202]
Geoffrey, Bishop of Coutances, relieves Montacute, [47];
opposes William II., [57]
Geoffrey, son of Fulk of Anjou, marries Matilda, [70];
invades Normandy, [79];
Stephen purchases a truce from, [79];
Theobald proposes that the crown of England should be offered him, [84];
dies, [85]
Geoffrey of Lusignan, quarrels with Richard, [112]
Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Chronicle, [271]
Geoffrey, son of Henry II., marries Constance of Brittany, [99];
joins the Great Rebellion against his father, [104];
is pardoned, [105];
joins Henry against Richard and his father, [110];
joins John against Richard, [111];
hurt by his father’s partiality to John, claims Anjou, his father refuses, he flies to France, and dies, [111]
Geoffrey, natural son of Henry II., repels a Scotch invasion, [104];
made Bishop of Lincoln, [105];
made chancellor, attends Henry at his death, [112], [113];
made Archbishop of York in exchange for the chancellorship, [117];
promises not to enter England in Richard’s absence, [117];
comes, and is arrested by Longchamp, [121];
John takes his part, [121]
Geraldus Cambrensis, the historian, his parentage, [70]
Gerberoi, reconciliation at, [54]
Gerbod, the Fleming, stepson of William I., made Earl of Chester, [51]
Gesith, comrade of the king, [30]
Gisors, treaty of, [67];
dispute concerning, [110];
meeting at, [111]
Godwine, made Earl of Essex, [20];
gets the South of England for Harthacnut, practically rules himself, accused of murdering Alfred, his eloquence secures the throne for Edward, his daughter Edith marries the king, [21];
his national policy opposed to Edward’s French policy, obtains more earldoms for his family, [22];
his rivalry with Leofric, banished, [22];
returns in triumph, his death, [23];
his support of the secular clergy, [25];
his domains confiscated to William I., [43]
Gospatric, Earl of Northumberland, invades Cumberland, [51]
Gregory the Great sends missionaries to England, [3]
Grey of Ruthyn, taken prisoner, [278];
ransomed, [279]
Grey, Thomas, engaged to the heiress of the Duke of Exeter, [331];
Earl of Dorset, [341];
has charge of Edward V., apprehended, [342];
beheaded, [343]
Grey, Richard, [341];
takes sanctuary at Westminster, [342]
Grostête, Bishop of Lincoln, his reforms, [153]
Gryffith, his insurrection, [70]
Gualo, Papal Legate, [141];
recalled, [143]
Guilds, described, [259-261], [352], [353]
Guingamp, not granted to Henry II. with Brittany, [99]
Gurth, fourth son of Godwine, made Earl of East Anglia, [23];
killed at battle of Hastings, [27]
Guthrum, Danish invader, King of East Anglia, [7];
conquers Wareham and Exeter, baptized under the name of Æthelstan, [8]
Gutred, King of Northumbria, [9]
Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, meets Richard I. at Cyprus, [118];
besieges Acre, allies himself to Richard, [119];
Richard, knowing his incompetence, makes Henry of Champagne king instead of him, [120]
Gwynneth, his insurrection, [91]
Gytha, mother of Harold, flies to the Channel Isles, [45]
Halfdene, Danish leader, [7];
overruns Strathclyde, [8]
Harfleur, capture of, [292]
Harklay, defeats Lancaster at Boroughbridge, [207];
executed, [208]
Harold, son of Cnut, a barbarian, made King by Godwine, [21]
Harold, son of Godwine, outlawed and goes to Ireland; his Earldom given to Ælfgar, [22];
returns in triumph, succeeds to his father’s earldom, fights successfully against Ælfgar and the Welsh, [23];
elected King, [24];
story of his oath to William, prepares to resist William’s invasion, [25];
conquers Tostig, forms his camp at Senlac, [26];
killed in the battle, [27];
strong party for his family in the West, [44];
his sons dispersed, [45];
land in Devonshire, [46];
defeated and escape to Ireland, [47]
Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, his exploits, joins Tostig, slain, [26]
Harthacnut, King of South of England, [21]
Hasting, a Danish pirate, [9]
Hastings, his claim to the Scotch throne, [181]
Hastings, of the new nobility, [341];
joins Richard, [342];
beheaded, [343]
Haverfordwest, colonized by Flemings, [70]
Heathenism, sustained by Penda, [3];
succumbs to Oswi, [4]
Hélie de la Fléche, resists William II. in Maine, [59];
assists Henry I. against Robert, [66];
William Clito intrusted to him, [67];
flies with him, tries in vain to rouse the nobles in his favour, [67]
Henry I., quarrels with Robert, [53];
heir-apparent, [56];
joins Robert against Conan of Rouen, [57];
besieged in Mont St. Michel, [58];
hunting in the New Forest, crowned, [63];
conciliates England, his marriage, character of his policy, [64];
overcomes Robert and his partisans, [65], [66];
unites England and Normandy, [67];
his son’s death, [68];
war against William Clito, [69];
his death, [70];
his dispute with Anselm, [71];
his administration, [74-76]
Henry II., born at Le Mans, [112];
comes to England, succeeds to Anjou, his marriage, [85];
his character, [89];
his reforms, [90];
fights in Anjou, Scotland, and Wales, [91];
his friendship for Becket, marriage treaty with Louis VII., goes to war for Toulouse, [92];
introduces scutage, [93];
objects to clerical courts, [94];
produces the Constitutions of Clarendon, [95];
his dispute with Becket, [96-98];
invades Wales, obtains Brittany, [99];
reconciliation with Becket, [100];
his behaviour at Becket’s death, [101];
his conquest of Ireland, [102], [103];
suppresses the great insurrection, [104];
makes peace with France, [105];
his legislation, [106-108];
his position in Europe, [109];
difficulties with his sons, [110-112];
his death, [113];
his administration, and importance in Europe, [113], [114]
Henry III., declared of age, [144];
quarrels with De Burgh, [147];
fails in Poitou, [148];
becomes his own Minister, his marriage, [151];
second expedition to Poitou, [154];
his favour for foreigners, [155];
quarrel with De Montfort, [156];
accepts the kingdom of Sicily, [157];
promises reform, [159];
swears to the Provisions of Oxford, [160];
gets absolved from his vows, [161];
at the battle of Lewes, [163];
dies, [168]
Henry IV., made Earl of Derby, [247];
friendly to Richard II., [251];
quarrels with Norfolk, [252];
returns from banishment, [253];
captures Richard, [254];
his coronation, [275];
his difficulties, [277];
expedition to Scotland, [278];
his quarrel with the Percies, [279], [280];
captures Prince James of Scotland, [281];
his submission to the Commons, [282];
his failing health, [283];
his foreign policy, [284];
his Church policy, his jealousy of the Prince of Wales, [285], [286]
Henry V., in command of the war in Wales, [278];
at the battle of Shrewsbury, [280];
head of the Council, [283];
his character as Prince, [286];
his popularity, [287];
his Church policy, [288], [289];
his reasons for the French war, [290];
his preparations, [291];
he captures Harfleur, [292];
battle of Agincourt, [293], [295];
his friendship for Sigismund, [297];
his second invasion of France, [298];
besieges Rouen, [299];
makes the Treaty of Troyes, [300];
enters Paris, dies, [301]
Henry VI., his education intrusted to Warwick, [302];
coronation, [311];
marriage, [316];
his interview with York, [321];
first fit of imbecility, recovers, [322];
wounded at St Albans, [323];
second fit of imbecility, his recovery, [324];
he attempts reconciliation, [325];
deserted after the battle of Northampton, [326];
rescued by the Queen at the second battle of St. Albans, [327];
escapes to Scotland, [329];
captured and imprisoned, [330];
re-crowned, [334];
murdered, [336]
Henry of Poitou, Abbot of Peterborough, his bad character, [72]
Henry the Lion of Saxony, Frederick I. asks for Henry II.’s daughter for him, [99];
he marries Matilda, [109];
rival of Frederick, deserts him, [109];
asks the help of Henry II., [109]
Henry, son of Henry II., marries Margaret of France, [92];
crowned, [100];
demands actual possession of part of his kingdom, [103];
objects to his brother John’s marriage-treaty, [103];
befriended by Louis VII., joins the Great Rebellion against his father, [104];
is conquered, his dependants have to abjure their fealty to him, [105];
is reconciled with his father, [105];
his character, [110];
demands homage from his brothers, is refused, dies, [110]
Henry VI., Emperor of Germany, marries Constance of Sicily, [118];
keeps Richard I. in prison, [122];

receives his homage for England, [123]
Henry of Lancaster, second son of Edmund, joins Isabella against Edward II., [210];
his opposition to Mortimer, [215];
member of Edward III.’s council, [216]
Henry, Bishop of Winchester, brother of Stephen, secures him the throne, [77];
upholds the dignity of the Church, escorts Matilda, demands the See of Salisbury for his nephew, [82];
when Stephen refuses, declares his adhesion to Matilda, [83];
alienated by her refusal of his request for Eustace, demands Stephen’s release, besieged by Matilda at Winchester, [84];
deprived of his legatine authority, [85];
mediates a compromise between Henry and Stephen, [86];
retires to Clugny, [90]
Henry d’Almeyne, son of Richard, King of the Romans, prisoner after battle of Lewes, [163];
desires conciliatory policy, [168];
murdered, [172]
Heraclius, Bishop of Jerusalem, preaches a crusade, [111]
Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, defeats Jasper Tudor, killed, [332]
Hereford. [See [Bohun].]
Hereward, attacks the monastery of Peterborough, collects the old English exiles, [50];
is defeated and escapes, legends concerning his death, [51]
Hidage explained, [113]
Hide of land explained, [31]
Hildebrand. [See [Pope Gregory VII].]
Holland, Sir John, brother of Richard II., kills a friar, [246];
kills the Earl of Stafford, [247]
Holland, Duke of Exeter, flies to Scotland with Henry VI., [329];
murdered, [336]
Horsa, Jutish Ealdorman, [1];
killed, [2]
House-carls, explained, [20];
used tyrannically, [21];
faithful to Harold, [26]
Howard, Sir John, counsellor of Edward IV., [338];
supports Richard III., [341];
made Duke of Norfolk, [344];
at the battle of Bosworth, [348]
Hubba invades England, [6]
Hubert de Burgh, has charge of Arthur, [129];
defeats French fleet, [142];
Regent, [143];
destroys his enemies, [145];
his rule, [146];
prevents Henry III.’s expedition to France, [147];
his fall, [148];
character, [149];
property restored, [150]
Hugh, Bishop of Rouen, deserts Stephen, [83]
Hugh of Avranches, Earl of Chester, assists Odo, [54];
loses and wins back Anglesey, [59];
invites Anselm to establish Benedictine Abbey at Chester, [61]
Hugh de Grantmesnil, holds large property in England, [46];
opposes William II., [57];
quarrels with Belesme, [58]
Hugh of Neufchâtel receives Robert of Normandy, [53]
Hugh de Pudsey, Bishop of Durham, joins the Great Rebellion against Henry II., is conquered, [105];
buys the earldom of Northumbria, [116];
supplanted by Longchamp, becomes his enemy, [117];
produces his grievances against him, [121]
Humphrey, fourth son of Henry IV., Duke of Gloucester, proposed Regent in England, [302];
President of the Council, [304];
marries Jacqueline, [305];
quarrels with Beaufort, [306];
persecutes the Lollards, [312];
head of the war party, [313];
his claim on Flanders, [315];
his obstinacy, [316];
his death, [317];
his literary tastes, [353]
Hundred, analogous to the German Pagus, [29];
England divided into, [31]
Hundred Court, in Saxon times, [32];
connected with the Curia Regis by Henry I., [75], [76];
its duties, [76]
Huntingdon, Earl of, deprived, [276];
conspires against Henry IV., [277];
executed, [277]
Impeachment, first instance of parliamentary, [240];
by the Lords Appellant, [248]
Ingvar invades England, [6]
Interdict in John’s reign, [131]
Investitures, dispute as to, [71]
Ireland, Danes in, [11];
Harold’s sons fly there, [22], [45];
granted to Henry II. by Adrian IV., [91];
condition of, Strongbow’s invasion, Henry II.’s conquest of, [102];
land granted to his followers, [103];
John restores order in, [132];
Edward Bruce King of, [204];
English government re-established, [205];
Richard II.’s expedition to, [250];
his second visit to, [253]
Irish Church, accepts Roman discipline, [102]
Isaac of Cyprus, conquered by Richard I., [118]
Isabella de la Marche, marries John, [128];
marries Count de la Marche, [154]
Isabella of France, marries Edward II., [190];
insulted at Leeds, [207];
goes to France, [209];
conspires against Edward II., [210];
deposes him, [211];
her rule, [213];
her deposition, [216]
Isabella of France marries Richard II., [251];
her restoration demanded, [278]
Isabella, wife of Charles VI., joins the Burgundians, [298]
Itinerant justices, sent out by Henry I., [75];
by Henry II., [107], [108]
Ivo of Taillebois, [50]
Ivo of Grantmesnil, [65]
Ivry, siege of, [305]
Jacqueline of Hainault, [305]
Jacquetta of St. Pol, marries Bedford, [312]
Jane, sister of Henry III., marries Alexander II., [143]
Jane, sister of Edward III., marries David II., [214]
Jane of Montfort defends Brittany, [222]
Jane Shore does penance, [343]
James I. of Scotland, captured and educated by Henry IV., [281];
released, marries Joan Beaufort, [305];
makes alliance with France, invades England, murdered, [315]
James III. of Scotland, his character, [338]
Jerusalem, kingdom of, refused by Robert, [65];
character of, [111];
overwhelmed by Saladin, [119]
Jews, admitted to England by William I., [115];
their condition, persecuted by Richard, [116];
by John, [133];
banished by Edward I., [179]
Joan of Arc, [308-311]
Joanna, daughter of Henry II., marries William of Sicily, [109];
imprisoned by Tancred, [118];
restored to Richard I., accompanies him to Palestine, [118];
marries Raymond of St. Gilles, [124]
John, Duke of Bedford, third son of Henry IV., Lieutenant of England, [291];
Regent in France, [302], [303];
character, marriage, [304];
visits England, [306];
returns, renews alliance with Burgundy and Brittany, [307];
captures Joan of Arc, [311];
his second marriage, [312];
visits England, [313];
dies, [314]
John, Bishop of Oxford, sent to the Pope, [98];
his excommunication by Becket, [99];
it is removed by the Pope, [100];
sent as Becket’s escort, [101];
made Bishop of Norwich, [105]
John de Grey, Bishop of Norwich, elected Archbishop of Canterbury, great administrator, [130];
governor in Ireland, [132]
John (King), marries Alice of Savoy, [103];
favourite of Henry II., [109];
war with Richard, [110], [111];
Henry II.’s grief at his rebellion, [113];
his great possessions, [117];
tries to secure the succession, [121];
restrained by his mother, purchases Philip’s favour, [122], [123];
his party destroyed, [123];
nominated successor, crowned at Rouen and Westminster, [126];
his strong position, [127];
excites the anger of his subjects, [128];
kills Arthur, loses Normandy, [129];
quarrels with the Church and the Pope, [131];
is excommunicated, settles Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, [132];
his extortions, joins the League, [133];
dethroned by the Pope, [134];
is reconciled with the Church, goes to Poitou, [135];
defeated at Bouvines, [136];
signs Magna Charta, [137];
attempts to break it, [139];
dies, [140]
John of Gaunt, fourth son of Edward III., commanding in France, marriage, [236];
assumes the government, [237], [239];
renewed power, [240];
protects Wicliffe, [240];
hated by the people, [240], [244];
head of the Council, [243];
deserts Wicliffe, [245];
character of his government, [245], [246];
goes to Spain, [246];
returns, [251];
dies, [253]
John, King of France, [229];
taken prisoner at Poitiers, [231];
liberated, [233];
dies, [234]
Judith, daughter of Charles the Bald, ancestress of Matilda, wife of William I., her three marriages, [6]
Jurisdiction, early organization of, [32];
connected with the possession of land, [33], [36];
of the Witan, [34];
old machinery retained by William, [37];
ecclesiastical separated from secular, [38], [94];
private, [87];
punishment of corrupt judges, [179]
Jury, origin of, [108]
Justiciary, his duties, [38];
president of the Curia Regis, [75]
Kemp, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellor, [321];
dies, [322]
Kenilworth, last stronghold of the Barons, [167];
Dictum of, [168]
Kent, Earl of, half-brother of Edward II., his conspiracy and death, [215]
Kent, Earl of, his conspiracy against Henry IV., beheaded, [277]
King, the origin of, [30];
his personal relation becomes territorial, [33];
his office elective, [34];
becomes supreme landowner, [37];
practically irresponsible, [38];
position of William I., [42];
of Henry I., as feudal lord, [64];
his equitable power, his power of making laws and levying taxes, [76];
misery caused by a weak king, [78], [86], [87];
rivalry with the Church, [94], [105];
his judicial power, [107];
opposition to his overstrained power, [125], [137], [138], [159];
view of his position in a political poem of Henry III.’s time, [169], [170];
desire of Edward I. for despotism, [173];
opposition of his clergy and barons, [187], [188];
his legislative power, [193];
Edward II.’s prerogative restricted by the Ordinances, [201];
Richard II.’s despotism, [253];
Henry IV.’s power checked by the Commons, [282], [283];
character of Edward IV.’s monarchy, [330], [340]
Knowles, general of the Free Companies, [234], [235];
opposes Wat Tyler, [244]
Lacey, Hugh de, does homage for land beyond Hereford, [59]
Lacey, Hugh (his nephew), sent as envoy to O’Connor, [102];
made Earl of Meath, [103]
Lacey, Hugh de (son of Earl of Meath), obtains the kingdom of Ulster, [132]
La Hire, French general, [310]
Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of, opposition to Gaveston, [200];
his great possessions, Edward II. flies from, [202];
made minister, [205];
joins Hereford in rebellion, [206];
surrenders, is beheaded, [207]
Land, how apportioned by the Saxons in England, [31];
tenure becomes military, [37];
granted to Normans by William I., [43]
Landrica, his jurisdiction, [33];
his position, [34]
Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, connects the Church with Rome, [38];
establishes ecclesiastical courts, [49];
England left in charge of, [53];
supports William II., [56];
restrains him, [57];
prevents the quarrel on investitures from reaching England, [60];
dies, [57]
Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, consecrated, [131];
opposes John, [135];
causes Pandulf’s fall, [143];
excommunicates Hubert’s enemies, [145];
his national policy, [146];
dies, [147]
Latimer, leader of a rebellion against Edward IV., [332]
La Tremouille, favourite of Charles VII., [310];
opposed to peace, [313]
Layamon, his translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Chronicle, [271]
Leicester. [See [Beaumont].]
Leofric, Earl of Mercia, [20];
competes with Godwine, [22]
Leofwine, fifth son of Godwine, outlawed, [22];
Earl of Essex and Kent, [23];
killed at Hastings, [27]
Lindisfarne, episcopal See in, [4]
Lionel, third son of Edward III., Duke of Clarence, left in command of England during the French war, [228];
governor of Ireland, [250]
Lisle, Lord, [341];
takes sanctuary, [342]
Literature, [270-274], [353]
Llewellyn, John’s son-in-law, submits to him, [132]
Llewellyn, attacks Mortimer’s lands, [162];
refuses to obey the summons of Edward I., [175];
conquered and killed, [176]
Læt, position of, [29];
origin of, [30];
settle on the demesne land, [31]
Lollards, their petition, [251];
their doctrines, [267];
persecuted by Henry IV., [285];
by Henry V., [288], [289];
by Gloucester, [312];
by Suffolk, [318]
Longchamp, Chancellor, buys bishopric of Ely, [116];
justiciary and legate, [117];
Richard I. orders his arrest, his dispute with Geoffrey and John, is dismissed, [121];
retires to France, [122]
Lothians, granted to Scotland, [14]
Louis VI., upholds William Clito, defeated at Puysac, makes peace, [67]
Louis VII., divorces Eleanor, [85];
his friendship secured by Henry II., [90];
cemented by a marriage-treaty, war with Henry II., [92];
receives Alexander III., [94];
protects Becket, [98];
war with Henry II., [100];
supports Prince Henry, [103], [104];
makes peace, [105];
jealous of Henry II.’s power, [109]
Louis VIII., engaged to Blanche of Castile, [127];
summoned to England, [139];
retires, [142];
dies, [145]
Louis XI., makes Treaty of Pecquigni, [338]
Louis of Bavaria, Emperor, dispute with the Pope, [219];
joins France against Edward III., [222]
Lovel, favourite of Richard III., [345]
Magesætas, men of Hereford, [19]
Magna Charta, [107], [137], [138], [139];
re-enacted, [168];
confirmed, [188]
Maid of Norway, betrothed, [181];
dies, [182]
Maine, Robert, Governor of, [52], [53];
William II. fights against, [59];
suzerainty of, given up by Louis VI. to Henry I., [67]
Maintainers, complaints against, [245];
explained, [270]
Malcolm I., King of Scotland, holds part of Strathclyde by military service, [12]
Malcolm II., King of Scotland, does homage to Cnut, [20]
Malcolm III., Canmore, King of Scotland, helps Eadgar, [45];
commends himself to William I., [46];
his savage invasions, [51];
marries Eadgar’s sister, does homage to William I., [52];
his wars with William II., does homage to him, killed at Alnwick, [58]
Malcolm IV., King of Scotland, resigns three counties to Henry II., [90];
does homage for Huntingdon, [91];
follows Henry to his war with France, [93]
Malet, Count of, supports Robert, [65];
banished, [67]
Manny, Sir Walter, raises siege of Hennebone, [222];
invades Picardy, [233]
Manor, origin of, [32]
Mansell, holds seven hundred livings, [152];
on Henry III.’s council, [159];
driven to France, [162];
joins Eleanor’s army, [164]
Marcel, revolutionary leader in Paris, [232]
Margaret, sister of Eadgar, marries Malcolm, [52]
Margaret, daughter of William the Lion, sent as hostage to John, [132]
Margaret, of France, marries Edward I., [190]
Margaret, marries Henry VI., [316];
character, [317];
wins battles of Wakefield and St. Albans, rescues the King, [327];
flies with him to Scotland, attempts to overthrow Edward IV., [329];
defeated at Tewkesbury, [335];
ransomed, [338]
Margaret, sister of Edward IV., marries Charles of Burgundy, [331]
Mark system, described, [28];
how carried out, [31]
Marlborough, castle of, held for Matilda, [83]
Marriage of the clergy, permitted by Dunstan, [14], [15],
forbidden by Lanfranc, [49]
Marshall, William, first Earl of Pembroke, ordered to supplant Longchamp, [121];
summoned to Rouen, [126];
advises John to disband his troops, [129];
declares Henry III. King, [141];
his character, government, [142];
death, [143]
Marshall, William, second Earl, head of the Barons at Brackley, [136];
his property attacked, [144];
quarrels with De Burgh, [146]
Marshall, Richard, third Earl, his patriotism, [149];
outlawed, murdered, [150]
Marshall, Gilbert, fourth Earl, restored to favour, [150]
Martin, Papal agent, his exactions, [154]
Mary of Burgundy, rivals for her hand, [336], [337];
marries Maximilian of Austria, [339]
Matilda, wife of William I., helps Robert, [53];
dies, [54];
her claim on Flanders, [69]
Matilda, niece of Eadgar Ætheling, marries Henry I., [64];
dies, [68]
Matilda, daughter of Henry I., marries Henry V., [67];
the Barons swear fealty to her, [69];
marries Geoffrey of Anjou, [70];
her claim passed over, [77];
David of Scotland supports her, [79];
Robert of Gloucester declares for her, [81];
lands, [82];

supported by Henry of Winchester, [83];
offends London and the Church, retires to France, [84]
Maud of Boulogne, wife of Stephen, fights for him, [81]
Mellent. [See [Beaumont].]
Mercenaries, of William I., [46], [54];
of Stephen, [81];
of Henry II., [90], [93];
of John, [133], [136], [139]
Mercia, foundation of, [2];
kingdom of, [4];
submits to Wessex, [5];
conquered by the Danes, [7];
submits to Eadward, [10];
Dunstan’s reforms in, [14], [15];
rebels against Æthelred, [16];
overrun by Danes, [18];
surrendered to Cnut, [19];
made an Earldom for Eadric, [20]
Militia, Harold’s, [26];
William II.’s, [59];
reorganized by Henry II., [109]
Milo, Constable of Gloucester, Earl of Hereford, Robert of Gloucester’s agent, [81];
fights for Matilda, [82];
attests her oath, [83];
his son Roger surrenders his castles to Henry II., [90]
Moleyns, Bishop of Chichester, Minister under Suffolk, [318];
killed, [319]
Monarchy. [See [King].]
Montgomery, Roger, fights at Hastings, [27];
made Earl of Shrewsbury, [51];
opposes William II., [57]
Montgomery, Hugh, second Earl, killed while assisting Hugh of Chester, [59]
Montgomery, Roger, third son of the first Earl, does homage for Powys, [59]
Montgomery, Arnulf, fifth son of the first Earl, does homage for Dyfed, [59]
Montgomery, Robert, eldest son of the first Earl. [See [Belesme].]
Montmirail, Peace of, [100]
Morkere, a Thegn of the Danish Burghs, [18]
Morkere, son of Ælfgar, elected Earl of Northumbria, [24];
defeated by Tostig, [26];
calls a Witan, [40];
hopes to be elected King, deserts Eadgar, [41];
reinstated in his Earldom, [44];
rebels and is pardoned, [45];
joins Hereward’s rebellion, [50];
made prisoner, [51]
Mortain, Count of. [See [Robert].]
Mortimer, Hugh, descended from Belesme, surrenders to Henry II., [90]
Mortimer, Roger, attacked by Llewellyn, [162];
tries to liberate Edward, [164];
succeeds, [166]
Mortimer, Roger, subdues Ireland, [205];
surrenders to Edward II., [207];
escapes from the Tower, [208];
in France with the Queen, [210];
his government, [213], [214];
made Earl of March, executed, [215]
Mortimer, Roger, fourth Earl of March, made heir-apparent, [246];
killed, [253]
Mortimer, Edward, outlawed, [252];
taken prisoner, [278];
refused leave to ransom himself, marries Glendower’s daughter, [279]
Morton, Bishop of Ely, apprehended, [343];
released, [344];
proposes marriage between Henry Tudor and Elizabeth of York, [345]
Mowbray, Robert, Earl of Northumberland, kills Malcolm at Alnwick, [58];
his conspiracy against William II., [59]
Mowbray, Roger (son of Robert’s nephew Nigel), opposes the invasion of David I., [79]
Mowbray, John, Edward I. relies upon, [191]
Mowbray, Thomas, Earl of Nottingham, one of the Lords Appellant, [248];
won over to Richard II., [251];
made Duke of Norfolk, [252];
banished, [252]
Mowbray, Thomas, joins Scrope’s rebellion, beheaded, [281]
Mowbray, John, third Duke of Norfolk, joins York, [321];
defeated at St. Albans, [327]
Neville, Ralph, Chancellor, [151]
Neville, Ralph, made Earl of Westmoreland, [252];
partisan of Henry IV., [276];
conquers Scrope and Mowbray, [281]
Neville, Earl of Salisbury, joins York, [321];
Chancellor, [322];
retires, wins the battle of Blore Heath, [325];
beheaded, [327]
Neville, Earl of Warwick, the “Kingmaker,” at St. Albans, [322];
retires to Calais, [325];
wins battle of Northampton, [326];
takes charge of Henry VI., [327];
defeated at St Albans, [327];
his power, [331];
keeps Edward IV. prisoner, pardoned, supports Wells’ rebellion, [333];
makes a treaty with Margaret, re-crowns Henry VI., [334];
killed at Barnet, [335]
Neville, John, of Montague, wins battles of Hedgeley Moor and Hexham, [329];
made Earl of Northumberland, [331];
declares for Henry VI., [334];
killed, [335]
Neville, George, Archbishop of York, Chancellor, [331];
deprived of his chancellorship, [332]
Neville, William (son of Ralph), Lord Falconbridge, at Ferrybridge, [328]
New Forest, made by William I., [39];
Richard dies there, [54];
the displaced people taken to Cumberland, [58];
death of William II. in, [60]
Nicholas of Ely, Chancellor, [159]
Nicholas of Tusculum, Papal Legate, [135]
Nigel, Bishop of Ely, nephew of Roger of Salisbury, surrenders Devizes to Stephen, [81];
joins Matilda, [83]
Normandy, connected with England by Emma, [17];
Æthelred and his sons fly there, [18], [19];
Cnut forms alliance with, [20];
Edward the Confessor’s friendship for, [21], [22];
William I. resides there, [53];
given to Robert, [53], [56];
anarchy in, [57];
pledged by Robert to William II., [59];
conquered by Philip II. from John, [129]
Northumbria, founded, [2];
claims supremacy, [3];
submits to Wessex, [5];
conquered by the Danes, [7];
helps Hasting against Alfred, [9];
acknowledges supremacy of Eadward, [10];
incorporated with Wessex, made an Earldom for Osulf, [12];
divided into three parts, [14];
surrendered to Cnut, [19];
Cnut makes it an Earldom, [20]
O’Connor, King of Ireland, war with Dermot of Leinster, [102];
submits to Henry II., [103]
Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, brother of William I., at Hastings, [27];
made Earl of Kent, [43];
left in charge of England, [44], [53];
rules severely, aims at the Papacy; William imprisons him, [54];
heads Norman opposition to William II., defeated, and retires to France, [57]
Offa, King of Mercia, [4];
his power, his dyke, [5]
Olaf, King of Norway, invades England, retires on receiving Danegelt, [16]
Oldcastle, his character, [286];
persecuted, [288];
escapes, his death, [289]
Ordainers, appointment of, [200]
Orleans, siege of, [307-310]
Orleton, Bishop of Hereford, his conspiracy, [209]
Osberht, King of Northumbria, [7]
Osulf, Earl of Northumbria, [12];
retains one third of it, [14]
Oswald, King of Northumbria, [4]
Oswi, King of Northumbria, [4]
Otho, son of Henry the Lion, brought up in England, [114];
elected Emperor, [123];
promises help to John, his rivalry with Philip of Swabia, [127];
supported by the Pope, [131];
receives money from John, [132];
crowned as Emperor, joins the Northern League, [133];
defeated at Bouvines, [136]
Otho, Papal Legate, his extortions, [146], [151]
Owen Glendower, rebellion, [278];
negotiates with the Percies, [279];
conquered, [282]
Palatine counties, established by William I., [51];
Ely made one by Henry I., [79]
Pale, English, provinces in Ireland, [103]
Pandulf, Papal Legate, forbids Philip to attack John, [134];
his government, [143]
Parliament, its origin, [106], [107];
Knights and Burghers summoned to, [165];
three Estates represented at, [185], [193], [194];
royal power restricted by, [201];
a Peer’s privileges in, [221];
construction of, in Edward III.’s reign, [237], [238];
mercantile classes introduced, [264];
power of the Commons in Henry IV.’s reign, [282], [283]
Paulinus, missionary to Northumbria, [3], [4]
Peasantry, their sufferings in Henry I.’s reign, [72], [73];
in Stephen’s reign, [86], [87];
effects of the Friars’ preachings on, [153];
disturbances in Edward I.’s reign, [179];
their love for Lancaster, [207];
effect of Black Death upon, [229];
becoming more important, [237], [238];
their insurrection under Wat Tyler, [244];
oppression of the Commons, [245];
day labourers increasing, [260], [261];
effects of Wicliffe’s preaching on, [267], [269];
the Statute of Labourers, [267], [268];
their sufferings after the French war, [318];
their hatred of Suffolk, [319];
Jack Cade’s rebellion, [320];
rebellions against Edward IV., [332], [333];
their indifference in the War of the Roses, [332], [333], [335];
increased freedom of, and poverty, [352], [353]
Pecquigni, Treaty of, [338]
Pedro the Cruel, King of Castile, supported by the Black Prince, [234];
his daughters marry John of Gaunt and Edmund of York, [236]
Penda, King of Mercia, [4]
Percy, Henry, first Earl of Northumberland, Constable, partisan of Henry IV., [276];
quarrels with him, [278], [279];
submits, [280];
escapes, [281];
killed at Bramham, [282]
Percy, Thomas, brother of the first Earl, made Earl of Worcester, [252]
Percy, Hotspur, son of the first Earl, his marriage, [279];
killed, [280]
Percy, second Earl, reinstated, [288];
killed at St. Albans, [323]
Percy, Lord Egremont, son of the second Earl, fighting with the Nevilles, [321], [323]
Percy, third Earl, killed at Towton, [329]
Peter des Roches, Justiciary, [135];
his character and policy, charges Hubert with treason, [144];
retires to the crusades, [146];
returns, causes Hubert’s fall, [148];
his rule, [149];
his fall, [150]
Peter of Savoy, uncle of Queen Eleanor, his possessions, [151];
joins her army, [164]
Peter de Aigue Blanche, Bishop of Hereford, [151];
envoy to Rome, [158];
attacked by Llewellyn, [162];
joins Eleanor’s army, [164]
Peter III., of Aragon, conquers Sicily, [177].
Peter’s Pence, begun by Æthelwulf, [6];
paid by William I., [50];
collected in Ireland, [102]
Philip I., jealous of William I., [53];
assists Robert, [54], [59];
jealous of William II., [60]
Philip II., makes peace with Henry II., [110];
claims the guardianship of Arthur, meets Henry at Gisors, [111];
declares war, [112];
goes on a crusade with Richard I., [116];
called the Lamb in Sicily, [117];
quarrels with Richard, [118];
befriends Conrad, [119];
withdraws from the Crusade, [120];
invades Richard’s dominions, [122];
tries to prolong Richard’s imprisonment, [123];
general alliance against him, [124];
helps Arthur against John, [126];
makes treaty with John, [127];
war with John, [128];
takes Normandy, [129];
league against him, [133];
victory at Bouvines, [136];
dies, [145]
Philip IV., his likeness to Edward I., [173];
quarrels with him, [184];
alliance with the Scotch, [185];
abolishes the Templars, [199]
Philip VI., his quarrel with Edward III., [218];
asks David II. to attack Edward, [228];
dies, [229]
Philip of Swabia, Emperor of Germany, [127];
makes peace with the Pope, [131];
assassinated, [132]
Philip of Burgundy. [See [Burgundy].]
Philippa, wife of Edward III., saves the lives of the men of Calais, [228]
Piers Ploughman, Vision of, [273]
Pole, Michael de la, advises retreat from Scotland, [246];
made Earl of Suffolk, dismissed, [247];
impeached, [248]
Pole, William de la, in command at the siege of Orleans, [307];
taken prisoner, [310];
arranges the marriage of Henry VI., [316];
made Marquis of Suffolk, [317];
chief Minister, unpopularity of, [318];
murdered, [319]
Pole, John de la, marries sister of Edward IV., [347]
Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln, declared heir, [347]
Police, the early system of, [35];
systematized at the Conquest, [37];
strictness of William I.’s, [39];
of Henry I., [73], [74]
Pope, Adrian IV. the only English one, [90];
grants Ireland to Henry II., [91]
Alexander III. [See [Alexander III].]
Alexander IV., extorts money for Sicilian war, [158];
absolves Henry III. from his vow, [161]
Boniface VIII., his claim on Scotland, [191]
Boniface IX., grants Provisors, [250]
Calixtus II., mediates a treaty between Henry I. and Louis VI., [68]
Celestine III., excommunicates Longchamp’s enemies, [122]
Clement III., raised by Henry IV. of Germany, [60]
Clement IV., excommunicates the Barons, [164]
Clement VI., attempts arbitration, [223]
Gregory VII., supports William I., [25];
revives the Papacy, [49];
demands homage and Peter’s Pence, [50];
friendly relations with England, [60]
Gregory IX., his extortions, [147]
Gregory XI., restores the Papacy to Rome, [245]
Honorius III., his character, [147]
Innocent III., decides the election at Canterbury, [130];
consecrates Langton, [131];
his interdict and excommunication, [131];
declares John’s crown forfeited, [134];
his tyranny in England, [135];
disallows Magna Charta, [139];
dies, [140]
Innocent IV., his exactions, [154];
offers Sicily to Edmund, [157]
John XXII., mediates between Edward II. and the barons, [205]
Victor III., acknowledged in England, [61]
Victor IV., acknowledged in Germany, [94]
Popes, position as arbitrators, [222], [223]
Powys, granted to Montgomery, [59]
Præmunire, Statute of, [250], [266];
writ of, used against Beaufort, [312]
Privy Council, origin of, [107]
Provisions of Oxford, [159]
Provisors, Statute of, [250], [265]
Purveyance, misery caused by, [73];
restrained by Henry I., [74];
restricted by Magna Charta, [139];
checked by the Statute of Stamford, [200];
exacted by the royal Princes, [215];
complained of, [245]
Ralph of Gwader, son of Ralph the Staller, Earl of Norfolk, conspires against William I., [52];
flies to Brittany, [53]
Ralph Flambard, Justiciary, his cruelties, [57];
arrested by Henry I., [64];
escapes to Normandy, [64]
Ranulf, Earl of Chester, fights against Wales, [78];
joins Matilda, [83]
Ratcliffe, favourite of Richard III., [342], [345], [347]
Raymond of Toulouse, quarrels with Richard, [112];
marries Joanna, [124];
revenge for injury done him, [133]
Reeve, his office, [31];
his duties, [32]
Renaissance, its effects, [338], [353]
Réné, Duke of Bar, [316]
Representation, not understood in Saxon times, [34];
used in making the Domesday Book, [55];
used in inquiries for financial purposes, [125];
first used in Parliament, [165];
principle established, [172], [193], [194]
Revenue. [See [Taxes].]
Richard I., engaged to Berengaria, [93];
joins the Great Rebellion against his father, [104];
pardoned, [105];
his success in Aquitaine excites Prince Henry’s envy, [110];
his war with him, [111];
attacks Raymond of Toulouse, joins Philip II. against Henry II., receives his father’s submission, [112];
gets absolution, is crowned, [115];
sells all offices in the Kingdom, and goes on a crusade, [116];
his quarrels in Sicily, [117];
conquers Cyprus, marries Berengaria, [118];
takes Acre, [120];
relieves Joppa, makes a truce with Saladin, [121];
imprisoned in Germany, [122];
does homage to Henry VI., returns to England, [123];
his wars with Philip, his death, [124];
his heavy taxation, [125];
names John as his successor, [126]
Richard II., made heir-apparent, [240];
his interview with Wat Tyler, [244];
his favourites, [247];
his character, [248];
assumes authority, [249];
his expedition to Ireland, [250];
his marriage, [251];
his vengeance, [252];
his despotism, [253];
deposed, [254];
death, [277]
Richard III., murder of Henry VI. imputed to him, [336];
his quarrel with Clarence, [336];
captures Edward V., [342];
secures the crown, [343];
his unpopularity, [345];
his energy, [346];
death of his son, [347];
killed at battle of Bosworth, [348];
his character, [349]
Richard, Prior of Dover, succeeds Becket as Archbishop of Canterbury, [105]

Richard, brother of Henry III., Count of Poitou, quarrels with De Burgh, [146];
his patriotic efforts, goes on a Crusade, [152];
marries Sancha, [154];
refuses the Sicilies, [157];
elected King of the Romans, [158];
joins Henry against the Barons, [162];
taken prisoner at the battle of Lewes, [163]
Richard, Earl of Cambridge, son of Edward III.’s son Edmund, his conspiracy, executed, [292]
Richard of York, son of the Earl of Cambridge, in command of the war in France, [314], [315];
leader of the Plantagenet Princes, [317];
concerned in Suffolk’s death, [319];
appears in arms, [320];
duped into submission, [321];
President of the Council, [322];
victory at St. Albans, [323];
Protector, deposed, [324];
returns from Ireland, [325];
claims the throne, [326];
beheaded after Wakefield, [327]
Richard, son of Edward IV., in sanctuary, [342];
given up to Richard, [343];
murdered, [345]
Ridel, Godfrey, Becket’s enemy, made Bishop of Ely, [105]
Rivaux, Treasurer, [148];
obtains confiscated property, [150]
Rivers. [See [Woodville].]
Robert, brother of William I., fights at Hastings, [27];
made Earl of Cornwall, [45];
opposes William II., [57];
banished, taken prisoner at Tenchebray, [66]
Robert de Comines, Earl of Northumberland, murdered, [46]
Robert, son of William I., Governor of Maine, [52];
does homage for it to Philip I., [53];
his rebellion and reconciliation with his father at Gerberoi, his expedition against Scotland, [54];
Normandy bequeathed to him, [56];
his character excites feudal anarchy, [57];
makes Treaty of Caen with William II., [58];
goes on a Crusade, pledging Normandy to William, [59];
claims the throne of England, surrenders to Henry I., [65];
taken prisoner at Tenchebray, [66]
Robert of Rhuddlan, his wars with Wales, [51]
Robert of Flanders, supports William Clito, killed, [68]
Robert of Bathenton, rebels against Stephen, [79]
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, natural son of Henry I., swears fealty to Matilda, [69];
suppresses Gryffith’s insurrection, [70];
one of the three remaining Earls, renounces his fealty to Stephen, [80];
his power in the West, [81];
brings Matilda to England, [82];
takes Stephen prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, [83];
taken prisoner, exchanged for Stephen, [84];
dies, his character, [85]
Robert of Artois, persuades Edward III. to the war with France, [218]
Robert of Gloucester, translated Layamon, [271]
Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, punishes false coiners, [74];
organizes the Exchequer Court, [75];
power of his family, [81];
arrested, [81];
dies, [82]
Rotheram, Archbishop of York, Chancellor, [341];
deposed, [342]
Rouen, siege of, [299];
loss of, [319]
Russell, Chancellor, [342], [346]
Rutland, made Earl of Albemarle, [252];
title removed, [276];
conspires against Henry IV., [277]
Sac and Soc, explained, [33];
benefit of, [76]
Saladin, his power in the East, [111];
greatness of his empire, takes Jerusalem, [119];
his truce with Richard, [121]
Saladin tax, imposed by Henry II., [111]
Salisbury, Earl of, conspires against Henry IV., beheaded, [277]
Salisbury, commanding at Orleans, [307]
Salisbury. [See [Neville].]
Sanctuary, effects of taking, [149]
Say, minister under Suffolk, [318];
executed, [320]
Scotland, does fealty to Eadward the Elder, [10];
to Æthelstan, [11];
rebels, and defeated at Brunanburh, [11];
the Lothians added to it, [14];
submits to Cnut, [20];
does homage to William I., [46];
invades England, [51];
the Lowlands anglicized, [52];
war with William II., [58];
does homage for Huntingdon to Henry II., [90], [91];
does homage to Henry II., [105];
repurchases its independence from Richard I., [116];
does homage to John, [128], [132];
peace and marriage treaty with Henry III., [143];
its relations with England, [180];
extinction of the royal family, [181];
rival claimants, [182];
Balliol made king, [183];
conquered by Edward I., [186];
Wallace’s rebellion, [189], [190];
reconquered by Edward I., [191];
Bruce’s rebellion, [192];
invaded by Edward II., [198], [200];
battle of Bannockburn, [203];
truce with England, [206];
Bruce acknowledged king by Edward II., [208];
war with Edward III., [214];
Edward Balliol’s invasion, [216];
does fealty to Edward III., [217];
David Bruce’s invasion, [228];
Edward III.’s “Burnt Candlemas,” [231];
peace with England, [232];
war with Richard II., [246];
refuses homage to Henry IV., [278];
imprisonment of James II., [281];
released, [304];
murdered, [315];
truce with England, [316];
independent spirit of, [339];
truce with, [347]
Scrope, William, made Earl of Wiltshire, [252]
Scrope, Henry of Masham (nephew of the Earl), his conspiracy with Cambridge, executed, [292]
Scrope, Archbishop of York, his conspiracy with Mowbray, executed, [281]
Scutage, first instance of, [91];
second, [93];
reason for, [109];
explained, [113];
demanded by John, [136];
restricted by Magna Charta, [138];
demanded by Henry III., [148]
Sheriff, his duties, [32];
untrustworthy, [75];
court of, [76];
peculation of, [106];
restrained by Magna Charta, [139]
Shire, origin of, [31], [32]
Sibylla, wife of Robert of Normandy, [65]
Sicily, Richard I. and Philip in, [117];
genealogy of the kings of, [125];
Papal efforts to drive the Hohenstaufen from, [156];
accepted by Edmund, son of Henry III., [157];
renounced by the council, [161];
given to Charles of Anjou, [168];
conquered by Aragon, [177]
Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, succeeds Dunstan, [16]
Sigismund, visit of, [297]
Simon de Montfort, his ancestors, marriage, goes on a crusade, [152];
his government of Gascony, [156];
quarrel with Valence, [158];
surrenders his castles, [160];
quarrels with Gloucester, [161];
chief of the baronial party, [162];
wins the battle of Lewes, [163];
his rule, [164];
his parliament, [165];
killed at Evesham, his property confiscated, [167];
the people’s love for him, [169]
Siward, Earl of Northumberland, assists Edward against Godwine, [22];
mentioned in Macbeth, [23]
Slaves, causes of bondage, [29];
at the Conquest, [35];
English slaves in Scotland, [52];
forbidden by the Church, [71]
Soken, meaning of, [33]
Sokmen, [35]
Somerset, John, Lieutenant-General in France, [316];
commits suicide, [319]
Somerset, Edmund, succeeds him in France, [319];
returns, triumphs over York, [321];
killed at St. Albans, [323]
Somerset, Henry, in power, [324];
flies to Scotland, joins Edward IV., rejoins Henry VI., killed at Hexham, [329]
Stafford, Henry, second Duke of Buckingham, marries Catherine Woodville, [331];
head of the old nobility, [341];
supports Richard III., [342];
joins Henry Tudor, [345];
executed, [346]
Stafford, Sir Humphrey, defeated by Jack Cade, [320], (distant relation of the Duke’s)
Stafford, Humphrey (cousin of Sir Humphrey), Earl of Devonshire, defeated, [332]
Stafford, Sir Humphrey, prevents Buckingham from joining Henry Tudor, [346]
Stanley, one of the new nobility, [341];
apprehended, [343];
made constable, [344];
marries Margaret of Richmond, [347];
joins Henry Tudor, [348]
St. Brice, massacre of, [17]
Staple, Calais a staple town, [228];
origin of, [257];
rearranged by Edward IV., [330]
Statutes—
Of Carlisle, [265]
De Donis conditionalibus, [196]
De Hæretico comburendo, [276], [285]
Of Labourers, [267]
De Mercatoribus, [258]
Of Mortmain, [175], [196]
Of Præmunire, [250], [266]
Of Provisors, [250], [265]
Quia Emptores, [194], [196], [264]
Of Stamford, [200]
De Tallagio, [188]
Of Wales, [176]
Of Westminster, [174], [193], [195], [200]
Of Winchester, [177], [195]
Stephen, second son of Stephen of Blois and Adela, daughter of William I., swears fealty to Matilda, [69];
secures the throne, [77];
his character, [78];
goes to Normandy, purchases peace with Anjou, [79];
makes peace with Scotland, grants castles, and creates earldoms, [80];
by mercenaries defeats Gloucester’s insurrection, [81];
offends the Church, [81], [82];
taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln, [83];
released in exchange for Gloucester, defeated at Wilton, [84];
deserted by many of his nobles and by the Pope, [85];
accepts Henry as his heir, dies, misery caused by his weakness, [86]
Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, [23];
does not receive the Pallium from the Pope, [36], [49];
William I. will not be crowned by, seeks his ruin, [42];
is deposed, [48]
Stratford, John of, made Chancellor, [216];
his quarrel with Edward III., [221]
Strathclyde, its extent, [3];
peopled by Danes, [8];
does fealty to Eadward, [10];
Eadmund grants part of it to Scotland, [12]
Suffolk. [See [Pole].]
Swegen, or Swend, son of King of Denmark, invades England, [16];
his sister massacred, [17];
his great invasion, made King of England, [18]
Swend, King of Denmark, nephew of Cnut, willing to help the English, [44];
sends a fleet, [46], [47]
Talbot, Sir John, defeated at Pataye, [310];
defeats Burgundians, [315];
dies, [321]
Tallage, exacted by Matilda, [84];
explained, [113];
considered illegal after Edward I., [195]
Tannegui Duchâtel, becomes Master of France, [296];
rescues the Dauphin, [299];
murders Burgundy, [300]
Taxes, before the Conquest, [35];
whence derived, [38];
on land, [54];
no appeal against, [72];
Henry I.’s, [73];
in the hands of the King and Council, [76];
Henry II. introduces scutage, [93];
his revenue, [113];
Richard I.’s tax on land, [125];
John’s severe taxes, [128], [133];
restricted by Magna Charta, [138];
complaints against De Burgh’s, [144];
Henry III. demands scutage, [148];
tallages and aids, [155];
Edward I. establishes customs, [174];
his heavy taxes, [185], [186];
clergy outlawed for refusing to pay, [187];
complaints against, [188];
method of levying changed, [193], [194];
restricted by the Ordinances, [201];
Edward III.’s Maletolte, [219];
his subsidies, [223];
the poll tax, [240], [243];
Wat Tyler’s riots against, [244];
Richard II.’s, [252], [253];
sufferings of the poor under, [269];
consent of Parliament necessary for levying, [282];
Henry V.’s, [291];
Bedford’s, [313];
Wells’ insurrection against, [333];
Richard III.’s malevolences, [348]
Templars, undertake a Crusade for Henry II., [103];
suppressed by Edward II., [199]
Thegns, their rise, [13];
duties of, [30];
court of, [33];
become Barons, [35]
Theobald of Blois, grandson of William I., defeats Louis VI. at Puysac, [67];
urged to claim the crown after Henry I., [77];
again refuses it, [84]
Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, joins Henry’s party, mediates a compromise, [85];
employs Becket, [92];
dies, [95]
Theodore of Tarsus, organizes the Church, [4]
Theows, or slaves, [29]
Thomas, Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV., invades France, [284];
killed at Beaugé, [301]
Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, sixth son of Edward III., Governor during the war, [233];
succeeds John of Gaunt, [246], [247];
one of the Lords Appellant, [248];
constant opponent of Richard II., [251];
arrested, [251]:
strangled, [252]
Thurkill, or Thurcytel, invades England, [17];
joins the English, [18]
Thurstan, Archbishop of York, opposes David of Scotland, [79]
Tithing, explained, [35]
Tostig, third son of Godwine, made Earl of Northumbria, [23];
deposed, [24];
invades the North, slain, [26]
Trade of England, [256-258], [261], [262], [351]
Trail-bâtons, [195]
Tresilian, impeached, [248];
executed, [249]
Trinoda necessitas, explained, [35];
retained by William I., [37];
reorganized, [109]
Troyes, Treaty of, [300]
Tudor, Edmund, son of Owen and Catherine of France, brought forward, [321]
Tudor, Jasper, brother of Edmund, brought forward, [321];
defeated by Hubert of Pembroke, [332];
almost the only Lancastrian left, [336]
Tudor, Henry, son of Edmund, proposed marriage, [345];
first invasion, [346];
second invasion, [348]
Twenge, his riots, [148]
Valence, Aymer of, Bishop of Winchester, [155]
Valence, William of, his possessions, [151];
quarrels with De Montfort, [158];
refuses to surrender his castles, [160];
escapes from Lewes, [164];
returns, [166]
Valence, Earl of Pembroke, defeats Bruce, [192]
Vere, Aubrey de, defends Stephen’s cause, [82]
Vere, Robert de, ninth Earl of Oxford, Duke of Ireland, favourite of Richard II., [247];
impeached, [248];
dies, [250]
Vere, Aubrey de, succeeds his nephew Robert, [250]
Vere, John de, thirteenth Earl of Oxford, almost the only Lancastrian left, [336]
Vexin, claimed by France, [55];
war on account of, [60];
Henry II. refuses to surrender it, [109];
John secures it, [127]
Viaticum, extorted by William II., [59]
Villeinage, position of, [36];
proposal to abolish it, [245];
disappearing, [267-269], [352]
Wales, remains British, [3];
Wessex establishes supremacy over, [5];
southern part colonized by Danes, [8];
assist Eadric the Wild against William I., [44];
William I. establishes Palatine Counties to restrain it, [51];
constant wars against William II., [58];
land granted to Norman Earls, [59];
Henry I. establishes colonies of Flemings in, [70];
insurrections under Gryffith, [70];
under Gwynneth, [91];
under Llewellyn, [132];
under Llewellyn, [176];
annexation of, [177];
Meredith’s rebellion, [178];
rebellion against Edward II., [204];
quarrel with the Marchers, [206];
insurrection of Owen Glendower, [278], [282];
sympathy with the Lancastrians, [332], [335];
sympathy with the Tudors, [346], [348]
Wallace, his insurrection, [189];
defeat and death, [190];
his use of infantry, [225]
Walter, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, opposes John, [123];
trained by Glanvill, [124];
withdraws from secular work, [125];
summoned to Rouen, [126];
persuades John to disband his troops, [129];
dies, [130]
Waltheof, Earl of Nottingham, [44];
destroys the castles of York, [47];
conspires against William, [52];
executed, miracles at his tomb, [53]
Ward of Trumpington, the false Richard II., [279], [292]
Warrenne, William of, first Earl of Surrey, conquers Hereward, [50]
Warrenne, William of, second Earl, supports Robert of Normandy, [65]
Warrenne, William of, natural son of Stephen (married the heiress of the third Earl), surrenders to Henry II., [91]
Warrenne, John, seventh Earl, opposes Edward I., [174];
Commander in Scotland, [185];
Guardian of Scotland, [186];
defeated by Wallace, [189]
Warwick (John of Plesseys), Henry III.’s Commissioner, [159]
Warwick (William Maudit), one of the Barons’ Council, [159]
Warwick. [See [Beauchamp] and [Neville].]
Watling Street, Danish boundary,

[8]
Wat Tyler, his insurrection, [244]
Wedmore, Treaty of, [8]
Wells’ rebellion, [333]
Weregild, explained, [29]
Wessex, foundation of, [2], [3];
conversion of, [4];
supremacy of, [5];
invaded by Danes, [7];
repels them, [8];
retains the supremacy, [10];
overrun by Thurkill, conquered by Cnut, [18];
restored to Edmund Ironside, [19];
helps Harold against William, [26]
Wicliffe, protected by John of Gaunt, [240];
deserted by him, recants, [245];
his preaching, [266], [267]
William I., visits England, [22];
his claims to the throne, [24], [36];
prepares to invade England, [25];
lands at Pevensey, and fights the battle of Hastings, [26];
checks the growth of feudalism, [37];
establishes the Curia Regis, [38];
character of his government, [39];
marches to London, [41];
crowned, [42];
gradually transfers the land to Normans, [43];
limits earldoms, [37], [43];
leaves England, returns to suppress insurrections, [44];
takes Exeter, and completes the conquest of the West, suppresses first Northern insurrection, [45];
suppresses the rebellion at York, [46];
lays waste Yorkshire, [47];
his legislation, [48];
his position with regard to the Church, [48], [49];
conquers Hereward, [50];
receives homage from Scotland, [52];
suppresses the conspiracy of Norman nobles, [52];
continues to reside in Normandy, quarrels with his sons, [53];
threatened invasion of England, [54];
Domesday survey and general oath allegiance, his death and burial, [55];
his will, [56]
William II., secures Lanfranc’s support, is crowned, pleases the English by promises, [56];
defeats baronial rebellion, on Lanfranc’s death leaves England to Ralph Flambard, [57];
intrigues in Normandy, makes treaty with Robert at Caen, receives homage from Malcolm, renews war with him, [58];
leaves the conquest of Wales to the Marchers, extorts viaticum from the host before going to Normandy, holds Normandy in pledge, [59];
his formidable position, killed in the New Forest, his general success, [60];
his conduct towards the Church, [61], [62]
William Clito, son of Robert of Normandy, pretender to the Duchy, supported by Louis VII., deserted at treaty of Gisors, [67];
supported by Fulk of Anjou, and deserted, [68];
supported and again deserted by both Fulk and Louis, Louis tries to put him on the throne of Flanders, his death, [69];
his marriage, [72]
William, Earl of Boulogne, son of Stephen, promises homage to Henry II., [86]
William, son of Henry I., marries a daughter of Fulk of Anjou, [67];
the barons swear fealty to, drowned in the White Ship, [68]
William of Albemarle, opposes invasion of David I., [79];
his power in Yorkshire, submits to Henry II., [90]
William II., of Sicily, marries Joanna, [109];
his death delays the Crusade, [117]
William the Lion, King of Scotland, joins the Great Rebellion against Henry II., [104];
taken prisoner at Alnwick, does homage for Scotland, [105];
buys back his privileges from Richard, [116];
does personal homage to John, [128];
makes full submission, [132]
Winchelsea, Archbishop of Canterbury, refuses grants to Edward I., [186];
appointed adviser to Prince Edward, [187];
excommunicates Gaveston, [202]
Wishart, Bishop of St. Andrews, a member of the Regency, [181];
invites Edward I., [182];
trusted by Edward I., [191];
crowns Bruce, [192]
Witan, described, [32], [34], [37], [38];
consents to the Danegelt, [16];
assembled by Eadric, [18];
elects Cnut King, [20];
Godwine’s quarrel referred to it, [22];
called on Harold’s death, elects Eadgar, [41];
offers the crown to William I., [42];
tries and condemns Waltheof, [53]
Woodville, rise of the family, [330], [331];
Sir John, beheaded, [332];
Anthony, made Lord Scales, [331];
Lord Rivers, [341];
patronizes printing, [353];
beheaded, [342];
Elizabeth, marries Edward IV., [330]
Wulstan, Archbishop of York, [13]
Wykeham, William of, Chancellor, deposed 239;
restored, [240];
deposed, [240];
restored, [249]

FOOTNOTES:

[1] French Chroniclers have made this sudden death a judgment of God. Godwine is described as wishing that the piece of bread he ate might choke him if he were guilty of the death of Alfred, whereupon the bread stuck in his throat.