| France. | Austria. | Spain. |
|---|
| Charles X., 1824. | Francis II., 1792. | Ferdinand VII., 1813. |
| Louis Philippe, 1830. | Ferdinand, 1835. | Isabella II., 1833. |
| Portugal. | Prussia. |
|---|
| Miguel, 1828. | Frederick-William III., 1797-1840. |
| Maria, 1834. | |
| Russia. | Denmark. | Sweden. |
|---|
| Nicholas, 1825. | Frederick VI., 1808-1839. | Charles XIV., 1818-1844. |
| | | |
POPES.—Pius VIII., 1829. Gregory XVI., 1831.
| Lord Chancellors. | First Lords of the Treasury. |
|---|
| April 1827. Lyndhurst. | Jan. 1828. Wellington. |
| Nov. 1830. Brougham. | Nov. 1830. Grey. |
| Nov. 1834. Lyndhurst. | July 1834. Melbourne. |
| April 1835. In Commission. | Nov. 1835. Wellington. |
| Feb. 1836. Cottenham. | Dec. 1834. Peel. |
| | April 1835. Melbourne |
| Chancellors of the Exchequer. | Secretaries (Foreign and Home). |
|---|
| Jan. 1828. Goulburn. | Nov. 1830 { Palmerston. |
| Nov. 1830. Althorp. | { Melbourne. |
| Nov. 1834. Wellington. | July 1834 { Palmerston. |
| Dec. 1834. Peel. | { Duncannon. |
| April 1835. Spring Rice. | Nov. 1834 { Wellington. |
| | { Wellington. |
| | Dec. 1834 { Wellington. |
| | { Goulburn. |
| | April 1835 { Palmerston. |
| | { Russell. |
Character of William IV.
It was perhaps fortunate that George IV. was succeeded by a man of very different character, whose simplicity and geniality speedily made him as popular as his brother had been the reverse. The little care with which he preserved the outward forms of dignity shocked the older Tories; the freedom with which he admitted men of both parties to his table and his Court seemed to promise a reign conducted on constitutional principles and without party bias on the part of the Crown. The popularity of the King was at the time of great importance, because the excitement of the days of July in France spread rapidly over Europe, especially in Belgium and Poland, and met with great sympathy in England. Had an unpopular monarch been upon the throne the Crown might easily have been involved in the quarrel with the people.
Effect of the July Revolution in Belgium and Poland.