Pollanarrua, Ceylon. 8N. 82E. Capital of Ceylon, 769; taken by Malabars, c. 1204.
Pondicherri, Madras. 12N. 80E. First French settlement, 1674; taken by Dutch, 1693; unsuccessfully besieged by Admiral Boscawen, 1748; taken by Eyre Coote, 1761; restored to French, 1763; recaptured by Sir Hector Monro, 1778; restored, 1783; retaken by British, 1793; finally restored to French, 1816.
Poona, Bombay. 19N. 74E. Destroyed by Nizam Ali, 1763; captured by British, 1818.
Port Arthur, Manchuria. 39N. 121E. Fortified by Chinese, 1891; seized by Japanese, 1894; leased to Russia, 1898; besieged during Russo-Japanese War, 1904; surrendered to Japanese, 1905. (See Diosy's 'New Far East.')
Porto Novo, Madras. 11N. 80E. Occupied by Danes and English, 1682; Sir Eyre Coote defeated Hyder Ali, 1781; ceded to British by Dutch, 1823. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.')
Pratapgarh, Bombay. 18N. 74E. Res. of Sivaji, and scene of his murder of Afzal Khan, 1659.
Priene, Asia Minor. 38N. 27E. One of twelve cities of Ionian League, supposed to have been f. by Æpytus. Bp. of Bias and Achelaus.
[Prome], Burma. 19N. 95E. Captured by British, 1825, 1852; partially destroyed by fire, 1856.
[Pulicat], Madras. 13N. 80E. Occupied by Dutch, 1609; conquered by British, 1781; ceded to Dutch, 1818; to British, 1825.
[Punna], Rajputana. 25N. 80E. Besieged by Sikander Lodi, 1494; taken by Ram Chandra Deo, 1563. Here Pran Nath is held sacred, and his tomb exists.