[Sivas], Asiatic Turkey. 40N. 37E. Destroyed by Tamerlane, 1400.
[Skutari], Asia Minor. 41N. 29E. Scene of Florence Nightingale's activities during Crimean War, 1854-6; destroyed by fire, 1872.
[Smyrna], Asia Minor. 38N. 27E. Ancient city celebrated by Pindar, Aristides, and Himerius, containing famous relics of Homer. Destroyed by Alyattes, c. 575 B.C.; rebuilt by Antigonus and Lysimachus, but suffered from earthquake, 179; seized by Turks, 1084; conquered by Aidin, c. 1330; by Tamerlane, 1402. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Montesquieu's 'Lettres Persanes.')
[Sohar], Arabia. 24N. 57E. Visited by Marco Polo and Ibn Batatu. Occupied by Portuguese, 1508.
[Somnath], Bombay. 21N. 70E. Pillaged by Mahmud of Ghazni, 1025. Alleged place in which Krishna died.
Sopara, Bombay. 19N. 73E. Sacred place of Buddha, and mentioned in the 'Mahabharata.'
[Su-Chau], China. 31N. 121E. F. c. 500 B.C.; captured by Taiping rebels, 1860; became treaty-port, 1896.
[Sukkur], Sind. 28N. 69E. Talpurs defeated by Shah Shuja, 1833; British possession, 1842.
Sur ('rock'), Palestine. 33N. 35E. Ancient Tyre. Besieged by Nebuchadnezzar II., 572 B.C.; by Alexander the Great, 332 B.C.; captured by Crusaders, 1124; destroyed by Malik al-Ashraf, 1291; suffered from earthquake, 1837. (See Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')
[Surat], Bombay. 21N. 73E. Overcome by Akbar, 1572; British settlement, 1612; under British rule, 1800. (See 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.')