The East India Company issued coins similar to their later Indian issues for their possessions in the Malay Peninsula, and since 1867 there has been a regular Imperial coinage (100 cents = one dollar) for the Straits Settlements and also for Hong-Kong ([Plate X.] 10, 5 cents (silver) of Edward VII.).
Portuguese.—In 1510 Albuquerque captured Goa, which became the capital of the Portuguese empire in the east, and increased in wealth and commercial importance so rapidly that it became known as "Golden Goa" (Goa Dourada). From the time of Albuquerque the Portuguese have issued coins here, always with European types. [Plate X.] 11 is a pardao or half-rupee of Maria struck at Goa in 1808, and is typical of the coinage for nearly three centuries previous. Since 1881 the coins for Goa, which is now all that is left of the Portuguese possessions in the East, have been struck at the Bombay mint, and are uniform with those of British India ([Plate X.] 12, quarter-rupee, 1885).
Dutch, etc.—Towards the end of the sixteenth century the Dutch began to dispute Portuguese supremacy in the East, and ultimately acquired considerable possessions in the Malay Archipelago. An extensive coinage was issued by the Dutch East India Company in Java in the eighteenth century ([Plate X.] 13, gold rupee of Java, and X. 14, copper doit). The latter coins of the Dutch territories in the East are similar to the coins of Holland. Coins have also been struck for their Indian possessions of France (Pondichery) and Denmark (Tranquebar) on local standards but with European types.
Bibliography.—J. Atkins, Coins of the British Possessions and Colonies (London, 1889); E. Thurston, The Coinage of the East India Company (Madras, 1890); G. da Cuñha, Indo-Portuguese Numismatics (Bombay, 1880); J. A. van der Chijs, De Munten van Nederlandsch Indië (Batavia, 1859).
PLATE I.
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