[Jerusalem], Palestine. 32N. 35E. Ancient capital of Palestine, mentioned in Egyptian record c. 1400 B.C. Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, 586 B.C.; Jews permitted to return by Cyrus, 536 B.C.; Jews massacred by Antiochus IV., 168 B.C.; fortified by Judas Maccabæus, 165 B.C.; captured by Pompey, 63 B.C.; taken and destroyed by Titus, 70; new city f. by Hadrian, 71; Godfrey de Bouillon reigned, 1099; passed into hands of Ottoman Turks, 1516. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Firdausi's 'Sha Name,' Twain's 'New Pilgrim's Progress,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.')
[Jezreel] ('God sows'), Palestine. 33N. 35E. A town near which Saul fell in battle, containing the res. of Jezebel and Ahab.
[Jhansi], Central India. 26N. 79E. F. by Bir Singh Deo. Massacre of Europeans in the Mutiny, 1857.
[Jhelum], Punjab. 31N. 72E. The Hydaspes of classical literature, on the banks of which Alexander the Great defeated the Indian chief Porus.
[Jidda], Arabia. 22N. 39E. Taken by Turks, 1840; massacre of Christian missionaries, 1858. Contains supposed tomb of Eve. (See Doughty's 'Travels in Arabia Deserta,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Arabia.')
[Jind], Punjab. 29N. 76E. Attacked by Gajpat Singh, 1755; Rahim Dad Khan here met his death, 1775.
[Joonir], Bombay. 19N. 74E. F. by Malik-ut-Tujar, 1436; pillaged by Sivaji, 1657.
Jordan, Palestine. 32N. 36E. Chief river of Palestine, of which mention occurs frequently in biblical history. (See Kinglake's 'Eothen,' Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient.')
Jugduluk, Afghanistan. 35N. 70E. British troops massacred, 1842.
Kabbaldurga, Madras. 12N. 77E. Chama Rajah imprisoned here in 1734, and Morari Rao by Hyder Ali.