[Argentine Republic] (La Plata), S.A. 35S. 65W. Revolted from Spain, 1810; republic established, 1816; war with Brazil, 1827-28; Rosas dictator, 1835-52; war with France and England, 1838-50; constitution drawn up, 1853; civil war continued till 1862; war with Paraguay, 1865-70.
[Arica], Chili. 18S. 70W. Stormed by Chilians and taken from Peruvians, 1880.
[Arispe], Sonora, Mexico. 30N. 109W. Count G. de Raousset Boulbon proclaimed a republic in 1853, but was taken and shot.
[Arizona], U.S. 34N. 112W. Vasconcellos, follower of Cortés, in, 1526; mission established by Jesuits, 1687, later destroyed by Indians; sold by Mexicans to U.S. Government (Gadsden Purchase), 1850; explored by Lieut. Mowry, 1855; separated from New Mexico and made a territory of the U.S., 1863.
[Arkansas], U.S. 35N. 92W. Discovered by De Soto, 1541; Father Marquette in, 1673; colonised by French, 1685; bought by U.S., 1803; admitted to Union, 1836; seceded, 1861; readmitted, 1868.
[Arkansas], river. 35N. 92W. Explored by La Harpe, 1722.
[Astoria], Oregon. 46N. 123W. Settled by Astor Company, 1810; captured by British and renamed Fort George, 1813; restored to U.S., 1818; boundary dispute settled, 1846. (See work by Washington Irving.)
[Asuncion], Paraguay. 25S. 57W. First Spanish settlement in Paraguay f. by Mendoza, 1536 or 1537; Yrala and Cabeza de Vaca were in turn the first governors; overthrow of Belgrano, leader of Paraguayan revolutionaries, by Royalists, 1811 (S. A. W. Ind.). (See [Paraguay].)
[Atacama], desert of, Chili. 24S. 70W. Crossed by Almagro, the Spanish conqueror of Chili, 1536.
[Atlanta], cap. of Georgia. 33N. 84W. Capitulated to Sherman, 1864 (Civil W.).