[California, Lower], Mexico. 28N. 113W. Discovered by Grijalva, 1534; taken possession of by Spaniards, 1602; colonised by Jesuits, 1642; part of Mexico since 1823.
California, Upper, U.S. 37N. 120W. Coast explored by Cabrillo, 1542; taken possession of by Drake for Elizabeth, and named by him 'New Albion,' 1578; expedition to, under Viscayno, 1602-5; colony in settled by Spaniards, 1698; coast explored by Vancouver, 1793; revolted from Spain, 1823; exploring expedition under Frémont, 1844; ceded by Mexico to U.S., 1848; admitted to Union, 1850; decides against joining Confederates, 1860.
[Callao], Peru. 12S. 77W. Known to early Spanish founders as Ciudad de los Reyes: former town destroyed by tidal wave, 1746: last stronghold in Peru held by Spaniards, who capitulated, 1826; Spanish fleet defeated off, 1866; bombarded by Chilians, 1882.
Cambridge, Mass. 42N. 71W. F. 1631, and originally named Newtown; Harvard University f. 1636; first printing press in U.S. set up by Day, 1638; the 'Bay Psalm Book,' first book printed in English America, 1640; first president of Harvard, Henry Dunster, 1640-54; theological constitution known as the 'Cambridge Platform' framed at synod, 1646-8; congress for re-organising army, at which Franklin and Washington assisted, 1775; Washington here took command of the continental army, 1775. Bp. R. H. Dana, poet and essayist (1787-1879); Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-94); James Russell Lowell (1819-91); res. Lowell, Longfellow (see [Mount Auburn]).
Cambridgeport, Mass. (now part of Cambridge). 42N. 71W. Bp. of S. Margaret Fuller (Marchioness d'Ossoli), drowned off Long Island (1810-50).
[Camden], S. Carolina. 34N. 80W. English victory under Cornwallis, 1780; engagement near, between Gen. Greene and Lord Rawdon, 1781; evacuated by English, 1781 (W. of Ind.).
Campbell's Station, near Knoxville, Tennessee. 36N. 83W. Federals forced to withdraw from, after repelling Confederates, 1863 (Civil W.).
[Campeche], Yucatan, Mexico. 19N. 90W. Discovered by Cordova, 1517; Spaniards settled at, 1539; taken by English, 1659; by the buccaneer Louis Scot, 1678; and again by buccaneers, 1685.
[Campeche Bay], Gulf of Mexico. 20N. 93W. Cortés sails down, 1519.
Canada (New France). 46N. 55W. The Cabots discover Labrador and Newfoundland, 1497, 1498; further discoveries by the Cortereals, 1500, 1501; Verazzani in Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1524; explored by Cartier, 1534, who was the first to sail up the St. Lawrence, 1535; small French colony planted by Roberval, 1541; voyages of exploration and discoveries by Champlain, founder of Quebec, 1602-35; taken by the English, 1759-60; finally ceded to, by Treaty of Paris, 1763; divided into Upper and Lower, 1791; in 1840 reunited and known as East and West; Confederate Dominion formed, 1867; original provinces joined in 1870 by the N.W. Territories; in 1871 by British Columbia, and in 1873 by Prince Edward Island.