MDCCCXCIII.

Butler & Tanner,
The Selwood Printing Works,
Frome, and London.

CONTENTS.

THIRD DIVISION.
(Continued.)
SECOND SECTION.
CHURCH HISTORY OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.
I. Relations between the Different Churches.
§ [152.] East and West.
[(1)] Roman Catholic Hopes.
[(2)] Calvinistic Hopes.
[(3)] Orthodox Constancy.
§ [153.] Catholicism and Protestantism.
[(1)] Conversions of Protestant Princes.
[(2)] The Restoration in Germany and the Neighbouring States.
[(3)] Livonia and Hungary.
[(4)] The Huguenots in France.
[(5)] The Waldensians in Piedmont.
[(6)] The Catholics in England and Ireland.
[(7)] Union Efforts.
[(8)] The Lehnin Prophecy.
§ [154.] Lutheranism and Calvinism.
[(1)] Calvinizing of Hesse-Cassel, A.D. 1605-1646.
[(2)] Calvinizing of Lippe, A.D. 1602.
[(3)] The Elector of Brandenburg becomes Calvinist, A.D. 1613.
[(4)] Union Attempts.
§ [155.] Anglicanism and Puritanism.
[(1)] The First Two Stuarts.
[(2)] The Commonwealth and the Protector.
[(3)] The Restoration and the Act of Toleration.
II. The Roman Catholic Church.
§ [156.] The Papacy, Monkery, and Foreign Missions.
[(1)] The Papacy.
[(2)] The Jesuits and the Republic of Venice.
[(3)] The Gallican Liberties.
[(4)] Galileo and the Inquisition.
[(5)] The Controversy on the Immaculate Conception.
[(6)] The Devotion of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
[(7)] New Congregations and Orders.
[1.] Benedictine Congregation of St. Banne.
[2.] Benedictine Congregation of St. Maur.
[3.] The Fathers of the Oratory of Jesus.
[4.] The Piarists.
[5.] The Order of the Visitation of Mary.
[(8)]6. The Priests of the Missions and Sisters of Charity.
[7.] The Trappists.
[8.] The English Nuns.
[(9)] The Propaganda.
[(10)] Foreign Missions.
[(11)] In the East Indies.
[(12)] In China.
[(13)] Trade and Industry of the Jesuits.
[(14)] An Apostate to Judaism.
§ [157.] Quietism and Jansenism.
[(1)] Francis de Sales and Madame Chantal.
[(2)] Michael Molinos.
[(3)] Madame Guyon and Fénelon.
[(4)] Mysticism Tinged with Theosophy and Pantheism.
[(5)] Jansenism in its first Stage.
§ [158.] Science and Art in the Catholic Church.
[(1)] Theological Science.
[(2)] Church History.
[(3)] Art and Poetry.
III. The Lutheran Church.
§ [159.] Orthodoxy and its Battles.
[(1)] Christological Controversies.
[1.] The Cryptist and Kenotist Controversy.
[2.] The Lütkemann Controversy.
[(2)] The Syncretist Controversy.
[(3)] The Pietist Controversy in its First Stage.
[(4)] Theological Literature.
[(5)] Dogmatics.
§ [160.] The Religious Life.
[(1)] Mysticism and Asceticism.
[(2)] Mysticism and Theosophy.
[(3)] Sacred Song.
[(4)] —— Its 17th Century Transition.
[(5)] Sacred Music.
[(6)] The Christian Life of the People.
[(7)] Missions.
IV. The Reformed Church.
§ [161.] Theology and its Battles.
[(1)] Preliminaries of the Arminian Controversy.
[(2)] The Arminian Controversy.
[(3)] Consequences of the Arminian Controversy.
[(4)] The Cocceian and Cartesian Controversies.
[(5)] —— Continued.
[(6)] Theological Literature.
[(7)] Dogmatic Theology.
[(8)] The Apocrypha Controversy.
§ [162.] The Religious Life.
[(1)] England and Scotland.
[(2)] —— Political and Social Revolutionists.
[(3)] —— Devotional Literature.
[(4)] The Netherlands.
[(5)] —— Voetians and Cocceians.
[(6)] France, Germany, and Switzerland.
[(7)] Foreign Missions.
V. Anti- and Extra-Ecclesiastical Parties.
§ [163.] Sects and Fanatics.
[(1)] The Socinians.
[(2)] The Baptists of the Continent.
[1.] The Dutch Baptists.
[2.] The Moravian Baptists.
[(3)] The English Baptists.
[(4)] The Quakers.
[(5)] —— Continued.
[(6)] The Quaker Constitution.
[(7)] Labadie and the Labadists.
[(8)] —— Continued.
[(9)] Fanatical Sects.
[(10)] Russian Sects.
§ [164.] Philosophers and Freethinkers.
[(1)] Philosophy.
[(2)] —— Continued.
[(3)] Freethinkers—England.
[(4)] —— Germany and France.
THIRD SECTION.
CHURCH HISTORY OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
I. The Catholic Church in East and West.
§ [165.] The Roman Catholic Church.
[(1)] The Popes.
[(2)] Old and New Orders.
[(3)] Foreign Missions.
[(4)] The Counter-Reformation.
[(5)] In France.
[(6)] Conversions.
[(7)] The Second Stage of Jansenism.
[(8)] The Old Catholic Church in the Netherlands.
[(9)] Suppression of the Order of Jesuits, A.D. 1773.
[(10)] Anti-hierarchical Movements in Germany and Italy.
[(11)] Theological Literature.
[(12)] In Italy.
[(13)] The German-Catholic Contribution to the Illumination.
[(14)] The French Contribution to the Illumination.
[(15)] The French Revolution.
[(16)] The Pseudo-Catholics—The Abrahamites or Bohemian Deists.
[(17)] —— The Frankists.
§ [166.] The Oriental Churches.
[(1)] The Russian State Church.
[(2)] Russian Sects.
[(3)] The Abyssinian Church.
II. The Protestant Churches.
§ [167.] The Lutheran Church before “the Illumination.”
[(1)] The Pietist Controversies after the Founding of the Halle University.
[(2)] —— Controversial Doctrines.
[(3)] Theology.
[(4)] Unionist Efforts.
[(5)] Theories of Ecclesiastical Law.
[(6)] Church Song.
[(7)] Sacred Music.
[(8)] The Christian Life and Devotional Literature.
[(9)] Missions to the Heathen.
§ [168.] The Church of the Moravian Brethren.
[(1)] The Founder of the Moravian Brotherhood.
[(2)] The Founding of the Brotherhood.
[(3)] The Development of the Brotherhood down to Zinzendorf’s Death, A.D. 1727-1760.
[(4)] Zinzendorf’s Plan and Work.
[(5)] Numerous Extravagances.
[(6)] Zinzendorf’s Greatness.
[(7)] The Brotherhood under Spangenberg’s Administration.
[(8)] The Doctrinal Peculiarities of the Brotherhood.
[(9)] The Peculiarities of Worship among the Brethren.
[(10)] Christian Life of the Brotherhood.
[(11)] Missions to the Heathen.
§ [169.] The Reformed Church before the “Illumination.”
[(1)] The German Reformed Church.
[(2)] The Reformed Church in Switzerland.
[(3)] The Dutch Reformed Church.
[(4)] Methodism.
[(5)] —— Continued.
[(6)] Theological Literature.
§ [170.] New Sects and Fanatics.
[(1)] Fanatics and Separatists in Germany.
[(2)] The Inspired Societies in Wetterau.
[(3)] J. C. Dippel.
[(4)] Separatists of Immoral Tendency.
[(5)] Swedenborgianism.
[(6)] New Baptist Sects.
[(7)] New Quaker Sects.
[(8)] Predestinarian-Mystical Sects.
§ [171.] Religion, Theology, and Literature of the “Illumination.”
[(1)] Deism, Arianism, and Unitarianism in the English Church.
[1.] The Deists.
[2.] The So-called Arians.
[3.] The Later Unitarians.
[(2)] Freemasons.
[(3)] The German “Illumination.”
1. Its Precursors.
[(4)]2. The Age of Frederick the Great.
[(5)]3. The Wöllner Reaction.
[(6)] The Transition Theology.
[(7)] The Rationalistic Theology.
[(8)] Supernaturalism.
[(9)] Mysticism and Theosophy.
[(10)] The German Philosophy.
[(11)] The German National Literature.
[(12)] Pestalozzi.
§ [172.] Church Life in the Period of the “Illumination.”
[(1)] The Hymnbook and Church Music.
[(2)] Religious Characters.
[(3)] Religious Sects.
[(4)] The Rationalistic “Illumination” outside of Germany.
[(5)] Missionary Societies and Missionary Enterprise.
FOURTH SECTION.
CHURCH HISTORY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
I. General and Introductory.
§ [173.] Survey of Religious Movements of Nineteenth Century.
§ [174.] Nineteenth Century Culture in Relation to Christianity and the Church.
[(1)] The German Philosophy.
[(2)] —— Continued.
[(3)] The Sciences; Medicine.
[(4)] Jurists; Historians; Geography; Philology.
[(5)] National Literature—Germany.
[(6)] —— Continued.
[(7)] —— Other Countries.
[(8)] Popular Education.
[(9)] Art.
[(10)] Music and the Drama.
§ [175.] Intercourse and Negotiations between the Churches.
[(1)] Romanizing Tendencies among Protestants.
[(2)] The Attitude of Catholicism toward Protestantism.
[(3)] Romish Controversy.
[(4)] Roman Catholic Union Schemes.
[(5)] Greek Orthodox Union Schemes.
[(6)] Old Catholic Union Schemes.
[(7)] Conversions.
[(8)] —— The Mortara Affair.
[(9)] —— Other Conversions.
[(10)] The Luther Centenary, A.D. 1883.
II. Protestantism in General.
§ [176.] Rationalism and Pietism.
[(1)] Rationalism.
[(2)] Pietism.
[(3)] The Königsberg Religious Movement, A.D. 1835-1842.
[(4)] The Bender Controversy.
§ [177.] Evangelical Union and Lutheran Separation.
[(1)] The Evangelical Union.
[(2)] The Lutheran Separation.
[(3)] The Separation within the Separation.
§ [178.] Evangelical Confederation.
[(1)] The Gustavus Adolphus Society.
[(2)] The Eisenach Conference.
[(3)] The Evangelical Alliance.
[(4)] The Evangelical Church Alliance.
[(5)] The Evangelical League.
§ [179.] Lutheranism, Melanchthonianism, and Calvinism.
[(1)] Lutheranism within the Union.
[(2)] Lutheranism outside of the Union.
[(3)] Melanchthonianism and Calvinism.
§ [180.] The “Protestantenverein.”
[(1)] The Protestant Assembly.
[(2)] The “Protestantenverein” Propaganda.
[(3)] Sufferings Endured.
[(4)] —— In Berlin.
[(5)] —— In Schleswig Holstein.
§ [181.] Disputes about Forms of Worship.
[(1)] The Hymnbook.
[(2)] The Book of Chorales.
[(3)] The Liturgy.
[(4)] The Holy Scriptures.
§ [182.] Protestant Theology in Germany.
[(1)] Schleiermacher, A.D. 1768-1834.
[(2)] The Older Rationalistic Theology.
[(3)] Historico-Critical Rationalism.
[(4)] Supernaturalism.
[(5)] Rational Supernaturalism.
[(6)] Speculative Theology.
[(7)] The Tübingen School.
[(8)] Strauss.
[(9)] The Mediating Theology.
[(10)] Lutheran Theologians.
[(11)] Old Testament Exegetes.
[(12)] University Teachers.
[(13)] The Lutheran Confessional Theology.
[(14)] —— Continued.
[(15)] —— Continued.
[(16)] Reformed Confessionalism.
[(17)] The Free Protestant Theology.
[(18)] In the Old Testament Department.
[(19)] Dogmatists.
[(20)] Ritschl and his School.
[(21)] —— Opponents.
[(22)] Writers on Constitutional Law and History.
§ [183.] Home Missions.
[(1)] Institutions.
[(2)] The Order of St. John.
[(3)] The Itinerant Preacher Gustav Werner in Württemberg.
[(4)] Bible Societies.
§ [184.] Foreign Missions.
[(1)] Missionary Societies.
[(2)] Europe and America.
[(3)] Africa.
[(4)] —— Livingstone and Stanley.
[(5)] Asia.
[(6)] China.
[(7)] Polynesia and Australia.
[(8)] Missions to the Jews.
[(9)] Missions among the Eastern Churches.
III. Catholicism in General.
§ [185.] The Papacy and the States of the Church.
[(1)] The First Four Popes of the Century.
[(2)] Pius IX., A.D. 1846-1878.
[(3)] The Overthrow of the Papal States.
[(4)] The Prisoner of the Vatican, A.D. 1870-1878.
[(5)] Leo XIII.
§ [186.] Various Orders and Associations.
[(1)] The Society of Jesus and Related Orders.
[(2)] Other Orders and Congregations.
[(3)] The Pius Verein.
[(4)] The Various German Unions.
[(5)] Omnipotence of Capital.
[(6)] The Catholic Missions.
[(7)] —— Mission Societies.
§ [187.] Liberal Catholic Movements.
[(1)] Mystical-Irenical Tendencies.
[(2)] Evangelical-Revival Tendencies.
[(3)] Liberal-Scientific Tendencies.
[(4)] Radical-Liberalistic Tendencies.
[(5)] Attempts at Reform in Church Government.
[(6)] Attempts to Found National Catholic Churches.
[(7)] National Italian Church.
[(8)] The Frenchman, Charles Loyson.
§ [188.] Catholic Ultramontanism.
[(1)] The Ultramontane Propaganda.
[(2)] Miracles.
[(3)] Stigmatizations.
[(4)] —— Louise Lateau.
[(5)] Pseudo-Stigmatizations.
[(6)] Manifestations of the Mother of God in France.
[(7)] Manifestations of the Mother of God in Germany.
[(8)] Canonizations.
[(9)] Discoveries of Relics.
[(10)] The blood of St. Januarius.
[(11)] The Leaping Procession at Echternach.
[(12)] The Devotion of the Sacred Heart.
[(13)] Ultramontane Amulets.
[(14)] Ultramontane Pulpit Eloquence.
§ [189.] The Vatican Council.
[(1)] Preliminary History of the Council.
[(2)] The Organization of the Council.
[(3)] The Proceedings of the Council.
[(4)] Acceptance of the Decrees of the Council.
§ [190.] The Old Catholics.
[(1)] Formation and Development of the Old Catholic Church in the German Empire.
[(2)] —— Continued.
[(3)] The Old Catholics in other Lands.
§ [191.] Catholic Theology, especially in Germany.
[(1)] Hermes and his School.
[(2)] Baader and his School.
[(3)] Günther and his School.
[(4)] John Adam Möhler.
[(5)] John Jos. Ignat. von Döllinger.
[(6)] The Chief Representatives of Systematic Theology.
[(7)] The Chief Representatives of Historical Theology.
[(8)] The Chief Representatives of Exegetical Theology.
[(9)] The Chief Representatives of the New Scholasticism.
[(10)] The Munich Congress of Catholic Scholars, 1863.
[(11)] Theological Journals.
[(12)] The Popes and Theological Science.
IV. Relation of Church to the Empire and to the States.
§ [192.] The German Confederation.
[(1)] The Imperial Commission’s Decree, 1803.
[(2)] The Prince-Primate of the Confederation of the Rhine.
[(3)] The Vienna Congress and the Concordat.
[(4)] The Frankfort Parliament and the Würzburg Bishops’ Congress of 1848.
§ [193.] Prussia.
[(1)] The Catholic Church to the Close of the Cologne Conflict.
[(2)] The Golden Age of Prussian Ultramontanism, 1841-1871.
[(3)] The Evangelical Church in Old Prussia down to 1848.
[(4)] The Evangelical Church in Old Prussia, 1848-1872.
[(5)] The Evangelical Church in Old Prussia, 1872-1880.
[(6)] —— Continued.
[(7)] The Evangelical Church in the Annexed Provinces.
[(8)] —— In Hanover.
[(9)] —— In Hesse.
§ [194.] The North German smaller States.
[(1)] The Kingdom of Saxony.
[(2)] The Saxon Duchies.
[(3)] The Kingdom of Hanover.
[(4)] Hesse.
[(5)] Brunswick, Oldenburg, Anhalt, and Lippe-Detmold.
[(6)] Mecklenburg.
§ [195.] Bavaria.
[(1)] The Bavarian Ecclesiastical Polity under Maximilian I., 1799-1825.
[(2)] The Bavarian Ecclesiastical Polity under Louis I., 1825-1848.
[(3)] The Bavarian Ecclesiastical Polity under Maximilian II., 1848-1864, and Louis II.
[(4)] Attempts at Reorganization of the Lutheran Church.
[(5)] The Church of the Union in the Palatine of the Rhine.
§ [196.] The South German Smaller States and Rhenish Alsace and Lorraine.
[(1)] The Upper Rhenish Church Province.
[(2)] The Catholic Troubles in Baden down to 1873.
[(3)] The Protestant Troubles in Baden.
[(4)] Hesse-Darmstadt and Nassau.
[(5)] In Protestant Württemberg.
[(6)] The Catholic Church in Württemberg.
[(7)] The Imperial Territory of Alsace and Lorraine since 1871.
§ [197.] The so-called Kulturkampf in the German Empire.
[(1)] The Aggression of Ultramontanism.
[(2)] Conflicts Occasioned by Protection of the Old Catholics, 1871-1872.
[(3)] Struggles over Educational Questions, 1872-1873.
[(4)] The Kanzelparagraph and the Jesuit law, 1871-1872.
[(5)] The Prussian Ecclesiastical Laws, 1873-1875.
[(6)] Opposition in the States to the Prussian May Laws.
[(7)] Share in the Conflict taken by the Pope.
[(8)] The Conflict about the Encyclical Quod nunquam of 1875.
[(9)] Papal Overtures for Peace.
[(10)] Proof of the Prussian Government’s willingness to be Reconciled, 1880-1881.
[(11)] Conciliatory Negotiations, 1882-1884.
[(12)] Resumption on both sides of Conciliatory Measures, 1885-1886.
[(13)] Definitive Conclusion of Peace, 1887.
[(14)] Independent Procedure of the other German Governments.
[1.] Bavaria.
[2.] Württemberg.
[3.] Baden.
[(15)]4. Hesse-Darmstadt.
[5.] Saxony.
§ [198.] Austria-Hungary.
[(1)] The Zillerthal Emigration.
[(2)] The Concordat.
[(3)] The Protestant Church in Cisleithan Austria.
[(4)] The Clerical Landtag Opposition in the Tyrol.
[(5)] The Austrian Universities.
[(6)] The Austrian Ecclesiastical Laws, 1874-1876.
[(7)] The Protestant Church in the Transleithan Provinces.
§ [199.] Switzerland.
[(1)] The Catholic Church in Switzerland till 1870.
[(2)] The Geneva Conflict, 1870-1883.
[(3)] Conflict in the Diocese of Basel-Soleure, 1870-1880.
[(4)] The Protestant Church in German Switzerland.
[(5)] The Protestant Church in French Switzerland.
§ [200.] Holland and Belgium.
[(1)] The United Netherlands.
[(2)] The Kingdom of Holland.
[(3)] —— Continued.
[(4)] —— Continued.
[(5)] The Kingdom of Belgium.
[(6)] —— Continued.
[(7)] —— Continued.
[(8)] The Protestant Church.
§ [201.] The Scandinavian Countries.
[(1)] Denmark.
[(2)] Sweden.
[(3)] Norway.
§ [202.] Great Britain and Ireland.
[(1)] The Episcopal State Church.
[(2)] The Tractarians and Ritualists.
[(3)] —— Continued.
[(4)] Liberalism in the Episcopal Church.
[(5)] Protestant Dissenters in England.
[(6)] Scotch Marriages in England.
[(7)] The Scottish State Church.
[(8)] Scottish Heresy Cases.
[(9)] The Catholic Church in Ireland.
[(10)] The Fenian Movement.
[(11)] The Catholic Church in England and Scotland.
[(12)] German Lutheran Congregations in Australia.
§ [203.] France.
[(1)] The French Church under Napoleon I.
[(2)] The Restoration and the Citizen Kingdom.
[(3)] The Catholic Church under Napoleon III.
[(4)] The Protestant Churches under Napoleon III.
[(5)] The Catholic Church in the Third French Republic.
[(6)] The French “Kulturkampf,” 1880.
[(7)] —— Continued.
[(8)] The Protestant Churches under the Third Republic.
§ [204.] Italy.
[(1)] The Kingdom of Sardinia.
[(2)] The Kingdom of Italy.
[(3)] The Evangelization of Italy.
[(4)] —— Continued.
§ [205.] Spain and Portugal.
[(1)] Spain under Ferdinand VII. and Maria Christina.
[(2)] Spain under Isabella II., 1843-1865.
[(3)] Spain under Alphonso XII., 1875-1885.
[(4)] The Evangelization of Spain.
[(5)] The Church in Portugal.
§ [206.] Russia.
[(1)] The Orthodox National Church.
[(2)] The Catholic Church.
[(3)] The Evangelical Church.
§ [207.] Greece and Turkey.
[(1)] The Orthodox Church of Greece.
[(2)] Massacre of Syrian Christians, 1860.
[(3)] The Bulgarian Ecclesiastical Struggle.
[(4)] The Armenian Church.
[(5)] The Berlin Treaty, 1878.
§ [208.] The United States of America.
[(1)] English Protestant Denominations.
[(2)] The German Lutheran Denominations.
[(3)] —— Continued.
[(4)] German-Reformed and other German-Protestant Denominations.
[(5)] The Catholic Church.
§ [209.] The Roman Catholic States of South America.
[(1)] Mexico.
[(2)] In the Republics of Central and Southern America.
[(3)] Brazil.
V. Opponents of Church and of Christianity.
§ [210.] Sectarians and Enthusiasts in the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Russian Domains.
[(1)] Sects and Fanatics in the Roman Catholic Domain.
[1.] The Order of New Templars.
[2.] St. Simonians.
[3.] Aug. Comte.
[(2)]4. Thomas Pöschl.
[5.] Antonians.
[6.] Adamites.
[7.] David Lazzaretti.
[(3)] Russian Sects and Fanatics.
[(4)] —— Continued.
§ [211.] Sectaries and Enthusiasts in the Protestant Domain.
[(1)] The Methodist Propaganda.
[(2)] The Salvation Army.
[(3)] Baptists and Quakers.
[(4)] Swedenborgians and Unitarians.
[(5)] Extravagantly Fanatical Manifestations.
[(6)] Christian Communistic Sects.
[1.] Harmonites.
[2.] Bible Communists.
[(7)] Millenarian Exodus Communities.
[1.] Georgian Separatists.
[2.] Bavarian Chiliasts.
[(8)]3. Amen Community.
[4.] German Temple Communities.
[(9)] The Community of “the New Israel.”
[(10)] The Catholic Apostolic Church of the Irvingites.
[(11)] The Darbyites and Adventists.
[(12)] The Mormons or Latter Day Saints.
[(13)] —— Continued.
[(14)] —— Continued.
[(15)] The Taepings in China.
[(16)] —— Continued.
[(17)] The Spiritualists.
[(18)] Theosophism or Occultism.
§ [212.] Antichristian Socialism and Communism.
[(1)] The Beginnings of Modern Communism.
[(2)] St. Simonism.
[(3)] Owenists and Icarians.
[(4)] The International Working-Men’s Association.
[(5)] German Social Democracy.
[(6)] Russian Nihilism.
[ CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES.]
[ INDEX.]

THIRD DIVISION.
(Continued.)

SECOND SECTION.
CHURCH HISTORY OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

I. Relations between the Different Churches.