This work is not a biography of Calvin, as some may imagine. The name of that great reformer appears, indeed, on the title-page, and we shall feel a pleasure, whenever the opportunity occurs, in endeavouring to restore the true colours to that figure so strangely misunderstood in our days. We know that, in so doing, we shall shock certain deeply-rooted prejudices, and shall offend those who accept without examination, in this respect, the fables of Romish writers. Tacitus indeed assures us that malignity has a false show of liberty: Malignitati falsa species libertatis inest; that history is listened to with more favour when she slanders and disparages: Obtrectatio et livor pronis auribus accipiuntur. But what historian could entertain the culpable ambition of pleasing at the expense of truth? Moreover, we believe that, if our age still labours under great errors with respect to many men and things, it is more competent than those which went before to hear the truth, to examine, appreciate, and accept it.
We repeat, however, that it is not a history of Calvin, but of the Reformation in Europe in the time of that reformer which we desire to narrate. Other volumes are already far advanced, and we hope to publish two more in the ensuing year. But may we be permitted, in conclusion, to transcribe here a passage of Holy Scripture that has often occurred to our mind in executing a new work? It is this:
Ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away. For that ye ought to say, If the Lord will, we shall live and do this or that.[2]
Eaux Vives, Geneva.
CONTENTS
OF
THE FIRST VOLUME.
[BOOK I.]
GENEVA AND THE FIRST HUGUENOTS.
| [CHAPTER I.] THE REFORMATION AND MODERN LIBERTY. Ancient Times. |
|---|
| Three Movements in Geneva—Importance of the Political Element—Causes of this Importance—Liberty in Protestant Nations—Influence of Calvin—Low Countries, Scotland, France, England, United States—Liberty and Licence—The Sixteenth Century, Servetus and Calvin—The Study of great things in small—Three Sources of Modern Liberty: Roman, Germanic, Christian—Three Strata of the Soil Page 1 |
| [CHAPTER II.] FIRST USURPATIONS AND FIRST STRUGGLES. Middle Ages. |
| Three Powers opposed to the Genevan Liberties—The Counts of Geneva—The Bishop-princes—Danger of the Temporal Power of Bishops—The Dukes of Savoy—They covet Geneva—Peter of Savoy gets possession of the Castle—His Successes and Failures—Amadeus V. seizes the second Castle—Makes himself Vidame—Confirms the Liberties of Geneva—Amadeus VIII. begs Geneva of the Pope—The Pope deprives Geneva of the Election of its Bishop—A Duke and Pope makes himself Bishop—Struggle between a Son and a Mother—Irregularities of Philip Lackland—The Father runs away from the Son—Stratagem of the Mother to save her Treasures—The Son appears before the Father—Singular Visit—Fair of Geneva transferred to Lyons—A Reforming Bishop at Geneva—Savoy prepares to strike a final Blow—God breathes over Men—Renovating Principle in Geneva Page 14 |
| [CHAPTER III.] A BISHOP SENT BY THE POPE TO ROB GENEVA OF ITS INDEPENDENCE. (1513.) |
| Death of the Bishop, Agitation of the People—Talk of the Citizens—De Bonmont chosen Bishop by popular Acclamation—The Duke and the Bastard of Savoy—Agreement between these Princes—Union with Savoy desired by the Pope—The Bargain concluded at Rome—The Swiss are deceived—Murmurs of the Genevans—The Servile Party yields, the Free Men protest—Entrance of the Bishop-prince into Geneva—He takes the Oath in order to break it—Tampers with Berthelier and De Bonmont—Balls and Banquets to corrupt the Youth—Savoyards at Geneva—A Young Rake—Immorality Page 39 |
| [CHAPTER IV.] OPPOSITION TO THE DESIGNS OF THE DUKE, THE POPE, AND THE BISHOP. (1513-1515.) |
| Complaints of the Licentiousness of the Priests—Corruption in the Convents—Unavailing Representations of the Magistrates—Arrival of Bonivard at Geneva—His Wit and Good-humour—Death of his Uncle; the Culverins—Besançon Hugues appears—Character of Charles III.—Marriage of Julian and Philiberta—A Bull gives Geneva to Savoy—Indignation and Protest of the Citizens—Sadness in Geneva—Contrary Decision of the Cardinals—Charles’s new Scheme Page 57 |
| [CHAPTER V.] BERTHELIER AND THE YOUTH OF GENEVA AROUSED BY THE BISHOP’S VIOLENCE. (1515-1517.) |
| Vandel and his four Sons—The Bishop kidnaps the Father—Emotion of the Sons and of the People—Berthelier tears up his Chatelain’s Commission—Address to the Bishop, who runs away—Miracles of a Monk—Fêtes and Debauchery—Berthelier’s School of Liberty—Sarcasms and Redress of Wrongs—No Liberty without Morality Page 71 |
| [CHAPTER VI.] THE OPPOSING PARTIES PREPARE FOR BATTLE. (1516-1517.) |
| A Thief pardoned by the Bishop—The Duke’s Anger—The Ducal Envoys sup at St. Victor’s—La Val d’Isère tries to gain Bonivard, and fails—The Envoys and the Bishop take to flight—The Duke and the Bishop plot together—Bonivard and Berthelier combine—Characters of Bonivard, Berthelier, and Calvin—A gloomy Omen Page 81 |
| [CHAPTER VII.] ASSEMBLY, AGITATION, AND JOKE OF THE PATRIOTS. (1516-1517.) |
| A few Patriots meet together—Assembly at the Molard—The Oath of the Patriots—Supper at Mugnier’s and the Momon—Bonivard’s Witticism—Death of Messire Gros’ Mule—Berthelier proposes a Practical Joke—The Mule’s Skin put up to Auction—The Duke comes to Geneva—Seyssel tries to divide the Genevans—Plot of the Duke and the Bishop Page 92 |
| [CHAPTER VIII.] PÉCOLAT TORTURED AND BERTHELIER ACCUSED. (1517.) |
| Pécolat’s Character—Non videbit Dies Petri—The Bishop’s stale Fish—Treacherous Stratagem to seize Pécolat—He is put to the Torture—Overcome by Pain—Terror of Pécolat and the Genevans—The Bishop desires that Berthelier be surrendered to him—He is advised to flee—Quits Geneva in disguise—They look for him everywhere Page 103 |
| [CHAPTER IX.] BERTHELIER CALLS THE SWISS TO THE AID OF GENEVA; HUGUENOTS AND MAMELUKES; THE BISHOP’S VIOLENCE. (1517-1518.) |
| Berthelier courts the Swiss Alliance—Berthelier’s Speeches at Friburg—The Bishop refuses him a Safe-conduct—Threats of the Swiss—Huguenots—Mamelukes—Syndic d’Orsières deputed to the Bishop—The Ambassador thrown into prison—A Savoyard Deputy in Switzerland—The Duke in Switzerland—Complaints against the Bishop Page 114 |
| [CHAPTER X.] FRESH TORTURES; PÉCOLAT’S DESPAIR AND STRIKING DELIVERANCE. (December 1517 to March 1518.) |
| Pécolat appears before his Judges—He is threatened with the Torture—Reported to be a Churchman—Handed over to the Priests—The Devil expelled from his Beard—Tries to cut off his Tongue—Bonivard attempts to save him—Appeal to the Metropolitan—The Bishop summoned by his Metropolitan—Bonivard finds a Clerk to serve the Summons—The Clerk’s Alarm and Bonivard’s Vigour—The Injunction made known to the Bishop—Four-score Citizens ask for Justice—Influence of Pécolat’s Friends—The Excommunication placarded in Geneva—Consternation and Tumult—Order to release Pécolat—Papal Letters against Pécolat—Pécolat set at large—Returns in triumph to Geneva—Pécolat in Yvonnet’s Cell—His pantomimic Story—The timid Blanchet Page 126 |
| [CHAPTER XI.] BERTHELIER TRIED AT GENEVA. BLANCHET AND NAVIS SEIZED AT TURIN. BONIVARD SCANDALISED AT ROME. (February to September 1518.) |
| The three Princes plot against Geneva—Torch of Liberty rekindled at Geneva—Berthelier’s Trial begins—The Procurator-Fiscal asks for his Imprisonment—Passionate Accusations—Blanchet and Andrew Navis at Turin—The Bishop has them arrested—Their Examination—They are put to the Torture—Navis repents of his Disobedience to his Father—Bonivard goes to Rome—Morals of the Roman Prelates—Two Causes of the Corruption—Bonivard on the Germans and Luther—Bonivard at Turin—His Flight Page 148 |
| [CHAPTER XII.] BLANCHET AND NAVIS PUT TO DEATH. THEIR LIMBS SUSPENDED TO THE WALNUT-TREE NEAR THE BRIDGE OF ARVE. (October 1518.) |
| Blanchet and Navis condemned—Farewell, Decapitation, and Mutilation—Their Limbs salted and sent to Geneva—Hung up on the Walnut-tree, where they are discovered—Indignation, Irony, and Sorrow—Father and Mother of Navis—The Bishop’s Cure of Souls—Chastisement of the Princes—Various Effects in the Council—Embassy sent to the Duke—The Bishop asks for more Heads—Will Geneva give way? Page 164 |
| [CHAPTER XIII.] THE HUGUENOTS PROPOSE AN ALLIANCE WITH THE SWISS, AND THE MAMELUKES AMUSE THEMSELVES AT TURIN. (October to December 1518.) |
| Berthelier’s Energy—The Limbs of Navis and Tell’s Apple—Bishop and Duke deny the Murder—The Deputies join the Ducal Partisans—Bishop and Duke demand Ten or Twelve Heads—The chief Huguenots consult together—An Assembly calls for Alliance with Switzerland—Marti of Friburg supports Liberty at Geneva—Return of the Genevan Deputies—The Council rejects their Demand—The People assemble—The Duke’s Letter refused Page 176 |
| [CHAPTER XIV.] THE HUGUENOTS DEMAND AN ALLIANCE WITH FRIBURG: THE MAMELUKES OPPOSE IT. BERTHELIER IS ACQUITTED. (December 1518 and January 1519.) |
| Two Parties face to face—Hugues’ Mission to Friburg—Alliance proposed to the People—The Moderates and Men of Action—Agitation at Geneva—Quarrels—Berthelier’s Danger—His Calmness and Trial—His Acquittal—Great Sensation at Turin—Ducal Embassy to Geneva—Flattery and Quarrels Page 188 |
| [CHAPTER XV.] THE PEOPLE, IN GENERAL COUNCIL, VOTE FOR THE ALLIANCE; THE DUKE INTRIGUES AGAINST IT. (February 6 to March 2, 1519.) |
| Friburg offers her Alliance—Voted with enthusiasm—Huguenot Elections—Great Joy—Mameluke Party organised—Liberty awakens—Strange Talk about Geneva—The Princes try to win Friburg—Tamper with the Huguenot Leaders—The Princes agitate Switzerland—Joy caused by the Deputy from Friburg—Trouble caused by the Deputy from the Cantons—Noble Answer of Geneva—To whom Geneva owes her Independence Page 199 |
| [CHAPTER XVI.] THE CANONS JOIN THE DUKE, AND THE PEOPLE RISE AGAINST THEM. (March 1519.) |
| The Duke wins over the Canons—Bonivard’s Speech—His Distinction between the Temporality and Spirituality—Declaration of the Canons against the Alliance—The exasperated Patriots proceed to their Houses—Bonivard between the People and the Canons—Canons write another Letter—The People quieted Page 212 |
| [CHAPTER XVII.] THE DUKE AT THE HEAD OF HIS ARMY SURROUNDS GENEVA. (March and April 1519.) |
| Insolence of fifteen Ducal Gentlemen—Firm Reply of the Council—Alarm at Geneva—The Duke’s King-at-arms before the Council—His Speech; Reply of the Premier Syndic—The Herald declares War—Geneva prepares for Resistance—Mamelukes go out to the Duke—Their Conference in the Falcon Orchard—Duke removes to Gaillard—Marti arrives from Friburg—Interview between the Duke and Marti—Failure of the Night Attack—Duke’s Wiles and Promises—Bonivard’s Flight Page 220 |
| [CHAPTER XVIII.] THE ARMY OF SAVOY IN GENEVA. (April and May 1519.) |
| The Duke and his Army enter Geneva—The Army takes up its Quarters in the City—The Duke and the Count are Masters—Pillage of Geneva—Proscription List—The Friburger reproaches the Duke—A General Council and the Duke’s Proclamation—Friburg Army approaches—Message from Friburg to the Duke—Alarm and Change of the Duke—Genevan Sarcasms: the Bésolles War—Mediation of Zurich, Berne, and Soleure Page 236 |
| [CHAPTER XIX.] ARREST OF BONIVARD AND BERTHELIER. (April to September 1519.) |
| The Bishop and Mamelukes conspire at Troches—Bonivard’s Escape between a Lord and a Priest—Treachery of the two Wretches—Bonivard’s Imprisonment at Grolée—The Bishop raises Troops—His Entrance into Geneva and his Intentions—Berthelier’s Calmness—His Meadow on the Rhone and his Weasel—His Arrest—His Contempt of Death—Refuses to ask for Pardon—The Word of God consoles him Page 249 |
| [CHAPTER XX.] PHILIBERT BERTHELIER THE MARTYR OF LIBERTY. TERROR AND OPPRESSION IN GENEVA. (August and September 1519.) |
| The Bishop refuses a legal Trial—All done in one Day—Six hundred Men in line of battle—Unjust and illegal Condemnation—Berthelier’s Death—Procession through the City—Emotion and Horror of the Genevans—Struggles and future Victory—The Blood of the Martyrs is a Seed—The Bishop desires to revolutionise Geneva—Mameluke Syndics’ silent Sorrow—First Opposition to Superstitions—St. Babolin—De Joye’s Examination—Threatened with the Torture—Princes of Savoy crush Liberty—Voice of a Prophetess Page 261 |
| [CHAPTER XXI.] STRUGGLES OF LIBERTY. LUTHER. DEATH OF THE BISHOP. HIS SUCCESSOR. (1520-1523.) |
| Lévrier’s Protest in the Name of Right—Huguenots recover Courage—Their Moderation and Love of Concord—Clergy refuse to pay Taxes—Luther’s Teaching—His Example encourages Geneva—Great Procession outside the City—A Threat to shut the Gates against the Clergy—Bonivard set at liberty—Pierre de la Baume Coadjutor—Death of the Bishop—Despair and Repentance—His Successor—The new Bishop’s Letter to the Council—Reception of Pierre de la Baume—Hopes of some of the Genevans—The Bishop’s Oath and Tyranny Page 278 |
| [CHAPTER XXII.] CHARLES DESIRES TO SEDUCE THE GENEVANS. THE MYSTERIES OF THE CANONS AND OF THE HUGUENOTS. (August 1523.) |
| Beatrice of Portugal—Vanity of the Genevans—Magnificent Entry of the Duke and Duchess—Beatrice’s Pride offends the Genevans—Proof that Geneva loves Popery—Representation of a Mystery—Invention of the Cross—Banquets, Balls, and Triumphs—The Love of Independence seems checked—New Testaments sold in Geneva—New Authority, new Doctrine—Memoir to the Pope on the Rebellion of Geneva—Huguenots represent a Mystery—The Sick World—The Bible unerring, a true Remedy—Disorders of the Clergy—Luther and the Reformation—The World prefers to be mad—Quarrels between Genevans and Savoyards—Lévrier and Lullin—Carters before Princes—Birth of a Prince of Savoy—Duke’s Efforts to obtain Geneva—Disorders in the Convents—God keeps watch for Geneva Page 295 |
| [CHAPTER XXIII.] AIMÉ LÉVRIER, A MARTYR TO LIBERTY AND RIGHT AT THE CASTLE OF BONNE. (March 1524.) |
| Homage to the Martyrs of Liberty—The Vidames in Geneva—Who will hinder the Duke?—The Duke and Lévrier at Bonne—Firm Language of Lévrier—Church and State—Duke unmasks his Batteries—Promises and Seductions—Episcopal Council before the Duke—Lévrier before the Duke—The Duke threatens him with Death—Lévrier prefers Death to Flight—St. Sorlin and the Duke retire—Lévrier kidnapped and carried off to Bonne—Agitation at Geneva—Episcopals afraid to intercede—Machiavellian Plot of the Duke—Geneva or Lévrier’s Head—Intercession of Genevan Ladies—Lévrier’s Calmness and Condemnation—Ten o’clock at Night—Lévrier’s Martyrdom—A moral Victory—Founders of Modern Liberty—Effect on the Young and Worldly—Hope of the Genevans, Flight of the Duke—Geneva breathes and awakens Page 318 |
| [CHAPTER XXIV.] INDIGNATION AGAINST THE MAMELUKES; THE DUKE APPROACHES WITH AN ARMY; FLIGHT OF THE PATRIOTS. (1524-1525.) |
| Dishonesty of Treasurer Boulet—Syndic Richardet strikes him—Boulet trades upon this Assault—Vengeance of the Council of Savoy—Boulet and the Bishop at Geneva—Geneva reports to the Bishop the Duke’s Violence—A new Leader, Besançon Hugues—Election of four Huguenot Syndics—Hugues refuses to serve—Appeal from Geneva to Rome—Threats of the Council of Savoy—The Bishop neglects Geneva—Violence done to the Genevans—The Duke requires the Recall of the Appeal to Rome—Forty-two Opponents—Proscription Lists—The Storm bursts—Terror in Geneva—The Exodus—Vuillet’s Visit to Hugues—Flight through Vaud and Franche-Comté—Hugues quits his House by night—Pursuit of the Fugitives Page 345 |
| [CHAPTER XXV.] THE FUGITIVES AT FRIBURG AND BERNE. THE DUKE AND THE COUNCIL OF HALBERDS AT GENEVA. (September to December 1525.) |
| Speech of Hugues at Friburg—Welcome of Friburg, Berne, and Lucerne—Evangelical Influence at Berne—Thoughts of the Savoyards—Mamelukes withdraw the Appeal to Rome—The Duke desires the Sovereignty—Geneva wavers—The Swiss Support—The Duke’s Stratagem—Hugues exposes it—The Fugitives joined by their Wives—Sorrow and Appeal of the Fugitives—Anxiety of the Bishop—Lay Power—The Duke’s Scheme—Convokes a General Council—Council of Halberds—The Duke claims the Sovereignty—Vote in the absence of the Halberds—The Duke thwarted in his Despotism—His Heart fails him: he departs—Mamelukes accuse the Exiles—Lullin and others return to Geneva—Their Demand for Justification Page 369 |
| [CHAPTER XXVI.] THE PEOPLE AND THE BISHOP DEFEND THE CAUSE OF THE FUGITIVES. (December 1525 to February 1526.) |
| One hundred Citizens before the Council—Justification of the Fugitives—The Friburg Notary interrogates the Assembly—Rising-up of a little People—The Protest numerously signed—Measures of the Savoyard Party—Both Parties appeal to the Bishop—Pierre de la Baume at Geneva—Vandel wins him over—The Bishop braves and fears the Duke—Election of Syndics: Mameluke List—Episcopal List—Four Huguenots elected—The People quash the Decrees against Liberty—Effects of the good News at Berne—The Bark of God’s Miracles. Page 391 |
| [CHAPTER XXVII.] GENEVA AND THE SWISS ALLIED. THE BISHOP, THE DUCALS, AND THE CANONS ESCAPE. JOY OF THE PEOPLE. (February to August 1526.) |
| Act of Alliance in the Name of the Trinity—Return of the Exiles to Geneva—Speech of Hugues—Reads the Act of Alliance—Clergy plot against the Alliance—The Bishop protests against it—People ratify the Alliance—Liberty of the People and Temporality of the Bishop—Germ of great Questions in Geneva—Genevans incline towards the Reform—Conspiracy of the Canons—A Flight—Everything by the Grace of God—The Swiss receive the Oaths of Geneva—Joy of the People—Honour to Bonivard, Berthelier, and Lévrier—Awakening of Society in the Sixteenth Century—Will the Tomb close again?—Greatest Glory of France—Her Salvation Page 407 |
| [BOOK II.] FRANCE. FAVOURABLE TIMES. |
| [CHAPTER I.] A MAN OF THE PEOPLE AND A QUEEN. (1525-1526.) |
| Three Acts necessary for Union with God—Work of Luther, Zwingle, and Calvin—Truth and Morality procure Liberty—Calvin crowns the Temple of God—A Queen—Similarity between Margaret and Calvin—Their Contrast—Pavia—Effect produced on Charles V.—Advice of the Duke of Alva—Dismemberment of France—The Way of the Cross—Margaret’s Prayers—She finds the King dying—Francis restored to health—Margaret at Toledo—Her Eloquence and Piety—Admiration she inspires Page 427 |
| [CHAPTER II.] MARGARET SAVES THE EVANGELICALS AND THE KING. (1525-1526.) |
| Persecution in France—Berquin preaches at Artois—Opposition—Beda examines Berquin’s Books—Berquin put in prison—Margaret and the King interfere—Margaret’s Danger in Spain—The King’s false Oaths—The Pope sanctions Perjury Page 445 |
| [CHAPTER III.] WILL THE REFORMATION CROSS THE RHINE. (1525-1526.) |
| Passage of the Rhine at Strasburg—Count of Hohenlohe—Correspondence between Margaret and Hohenlohe—Margaret’s System—She invites Hohenlohe into France—Interdict against Speaking, Printing, and Reading—Berquin’s Examination—Margaret wins over her Mother in Berquin’s favour—Francis I. forbids the Parliament to proceed—Henry d’Albret, King of Navarre, seeks the Hand of Margaret—Her Anxieties Page 454 |
| [CHAPTER IV.] DEATH OF THE MARTYRS—RETURN OF THE KING. (1526.) |
| Martyrdom of Joubert—A young Christian of Meaux recants—Vaudery in Picardy—A young Picard burnt at the Grève—Toussaint given up to the Abbot of St. Antoine—Toussaint’s Anguish in his Dungeon—Francis I. restored to liberty—Petitions to the King in favour of the Evangelicals—Francis objects to Hohenlohe’s coming—The King’s Hostages—Aspirations of Margaret’s Soul—The Prisoner’s Complaint—Thoughts of the King about his Sister’s Marriage—New State of Things in Europe Page 466 |
| [CHAPTER V.] DELIVERANCE OF THE CAPTIVES AND RETURN OF THE EXILES. (1526.) |
| Deliverance of the Captives: Berquin, Marot—Michael d’Aranda made a Bishop—Toussaint taken out of his Dungeon—Great Joy at Strasburg—The Refugees in that City—Lefèvre and Roussel welcomed by Margaret—Fruits of the Trial—Evangelical Meeting at Blois—Toussaint at Court—Beginning of an Era of Light—Francis comes to Paris to inaugurate it—Hypocrisy of the Nobles and Prelates—Weakness of Lefèvre and Roussel—Toussaint disgusted with the Court—May France show herself worthy of the Word! Page 480 |
| [CHAPTER VI.] WHO WILL BE THE REFORMER OF FRANCE? (1526.) |
| Will it be Lefèvre, Roussel, or Farel?—Roussel and the Princes of La Marche—Farel invited to La Marche—Margaret as a Missionary—She longs for Sanctification—The Gospel and the Moral Faculty—Farel as a Reformer—Farel and Mirabeau—How Farel would have been received—The Invitation to La Marche comes too late—Berquin set at liberty—Will he be the Reformer?—Marriage of Margaret with the King of Navarre—Aspirations of the Queen—Everything in the World is changing Page 495 |
| [CHAPTER VII.] CALVIN’S EARLY STRUGGLES AND EARLY STUDIES. (1523-1527.) |
| A Professor and a Scholar—Calvin’s Arrival and Gratitude—Cordier’s Influence on Calvin—Calvin enters the College of Montaigu—A Spanish Professor—Calvin promoted to the Philosophy Class—His Purity and Zeal—His Studies—A Breath of the Gospel in the Air—Olivétan, Calvin’s Cousin—Conversations between Olivétan and Calvin—Calvin’s Resistance—His Self-examination—His Teachers desire to stop him—Calvin has recourse to Penance and the Saints—His Despair Page 511 |
| [CHAPTER VIII.] CALVIN’S CONVERSION AND CHANGE OF CALLING. (1527.) |
| The Prothonotary Doullon burnt alive—The Light shines upon Calvin—He falls at the Feet of Christ—He cannot separate from the Church—The Pope’s Doctrine attacked by his Friends—The Papacy before Calvin—Was his Conversion sudden?—Date of this Conversion—Regrets of Calvin’s Father—Gerard Cauvin advises his Son to study the Law—Conversion, Christianity, and the Reformation Page 527 |
| [CHAPTER IX.] BERQUIN DECLARES WAR AGAINST POPERY. (1527.) |
| Order and Liberty proceed from Truth—Beda and Berquin—Berquin’s Enterprise—Terror of his Friends—Beda confined in the Palace—Berquin attacks Beda and the Sorbonne—Erasmus’s Fears—He will not fight—Agitation of the Catholic Party Page 539 |
| [CHAPTER X.] EFFORTS OF DUPRAT TO BRING ABOUT A PERSECUTION—RESISTANCE OF FRANCIS I. (1527-1528.) |
| Louisa of Savoy and Duprat—Francis I. and the Sixteenth Century—Bargain proposed by the Clergy—Margaret encouraged—Her Walks at Fontainebleau—Her Accouchement at Paris—Martyrdom of De la Tour—Margaret returns hastily to Paris—A Synod in Paris—Duprat solicits the King—Synods in other parts of France—Duprat and the Parliament reconciled—The King resists the Persecution Page 49 |
| [CHAPTER XI.] FÊTES AT FONTAINEBLEAU AND THE VIRGIN OF THE RUE DES ROSIERS. (1528.) |
| Evangelisation by the Queen of Navarre—The Queen and the Hunter—Le Mauvais Chasseur—Marriage of Renée with the Duke of Ferrara—The King’s Fit of Anger—The Image of the Virgin broken—Grief and Cries of the People—Efforts to discover the Criminal—Immense Procession—Miracles worked by the Image—The King gives the Rein to the Persecutors. Page 561 |
| [CHAPTER XII.] PRISONERS AND MARTYRS AT PARIS AND IN THE PROVINCES. (1528.) |
| A Christaudin—Denis of Meaux—Briçonnet in Denis’s Dungeon—The Hurdle and the Stake—The Holy Virtues of Annonay—Machopolis, Renier, and Jonas—Berquin’s Calmness in the Storm—Berquin arrested—Blindness of the Papacy—Out of Persecution comes the Reformer Page 572 |