Causes of Triumphs—Abou-Beker Elected Caliph—War Declared—Fall of Bozrah—Battle of Aiznadin—Siege of Jerusalem—Departure of Roman Emperor—Saracen Fleet—Eastern Conquests—Fall of Alexandria—Conquest of Northern Africa—Conquest of Spain—Battle of Poictiers—Extent of Saracen Empire.
Intellectual Stagnation—Saracens and Jews Revive Learning—University of Bagdad—Public Schools—Medical College of Cairo—Circulating Library—Modern Form of Books—Arabic Notation—Discoveries in Chemistry—Rotundity of the Earth—Mariner's Compass—Discoveries of Alhazin—Astronomical Observatories—Golden Age of Judaism—Cities of Andalusia—Saracen Dwellings—Condition of Women—Female Physicians.
Jerusalem the Sacred City—Alexandria Noted for Philosophy—School of Hypatia—Mob Murders Her—Doctrines of Cyril—Jerusalem a Scene of Suffering—Fulfillment of Prophecy—Herculaneum and Pompeii—Their Destruction—Evidences of their Wickedness—Excavations—Roman Rule—Removal of Capital—Crimes of Constantine—Commencement of Greek Empire—Description of Constantinople—Its Capture by Crusaders—Taken by the Turks—Intellectual Degradation—Priestcraft—Debauchery—Turkish Rule.
Growth of Relic-Worship—Schemes of the Roman Pontiffs—Manufacture of Relics—Their Great Variety—Value of Relics—Insults Offered to Pilgrims—Peter the Hermit—Crusades—Disorderly Rabble—Terrible Suffering—Capture of Jerusalem—Terrible Massacre—Capture of Constantinople—Crusades of the Children—Results of the Crusades—Revival of Learning.
The Morning Dawns—Rise of Knighthood—Principles of Knights—Apostate Priests Held in Contempt—Waldenses—Persecutions in Southern France—Rise of the Inquisition—Liberal Policy of Frederick—"Everlasting Gospel"—Its Remarkable Teachings—Bacon's Discoveries—Geographical Knowledge—Azores and Canary Islands—Travels of Marco Polo—Condition of European States—Modern States.