[226] Underground Russia, by "Stepniak," Introduction, p. 4. Or, as Turgenieff phrased it in one of his novels: "a Nihilist is a man who submits to no authority, who accepts not a single principle upon faith merely, however high such a principle may stand in the eyes of men." In short, a Nihilist was an extreme individualist and rationalist.
[227] Russia in Revolution, by G.H. Perriss, pp. 204-206, 210-214; Arnaudo, I Nihilismo (Turin, 1879). See, too, the chapters added by Sir D.M. Wallace to the new edition of his work Russia (1905).
[228] Reminiscences of Bismarck, by S. Whitman, p. 114; Bismarck: some Secret Pages of his History, by M. Busch, vol. iii. p. 150.
[229] Russia under Alexander III., by H. von Samson-Himmelstierna, Eng. ed. ch. vii.
[230] Pobyedonosteff; his Reflections, Eng. ed.
[231] The whole document is printed in the Appendix to "Stepniak's" Underground Russia.
[232] Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir William White, edited by H.S. Edwards, ch. xviii.
[233] Rambaud, Histoire de la Russie, ch. xxxviii.; Lowe, Alexander III. of Russia, ch. viii.; H. Frederic, The New Exodus; Professor Errera, The Russian Jews.
[234] See an article by Count Leo Tolstoy in the Contemporary Review for November 1895; also a pamphlet on "The Stundists," with Preface by Rev. J. Brown, D.D.
[235] A law of the autumn of 1902 altered this. It delegated the administration to the Governor-General, assisted by the Senate.