[356] England in Egypt, by Sir Alfred Milner (Lord Milner), 1892, pp. 216-219. (The Egyptian £ is equal to £1:0:6.) I give the figures as pounds sterling.
[357] La Question d'Égypte, by C. de Freycinet (1905), p. 151.
[358] La Question d'Égypte, by C. de Freycinet, p. 106.
[359] England in Egypt, etc. p. 222. See there for details as to the Dual Control; also de Freycinet, op. cit. chap. ii., and The Expansion of Egypt, by A. Silva White, chap. vi.
[360] Sir D.M. Wallace, Egypt and the Egyptian Question, p. 67.
[361] Mr. Morley says (Life of Gladstone, vol. iii. p. 73) that Arabi's movement "was in truth national as well as military; it was anti-European, and above all, it was in its objects anti-Turk."--In view of the evidence collected by Sir D.M. Wallace, and by Lord Milner (England in Egypt), I venture to question these statements. The movement clearly was military and anti-Turk in its beginning. Later on it sought support in the people, and became anti-European and to some extent national; but to that extent it ceased to be anti-Turk. Besides, why should the Sultan have encouraged it? How far it genuinely relied on the populace must for the present remain in doubt; but the evidence collected by Mr. Broadley, How We Defended Arabi (1884), seems to show that Arabi and his supporters were inspired by thoroughly patriotic and enlightened motives.
[362] For Gambetta's despatches see de Freycinet, op. cit. pp. 209 et seq.
[363] Morley, Life of Gladstone, iii. p. 79.
[364] Bismarck: Some Secret Pages of his History, vol. iii. p. 51.
[365] England in Egypt, p. 16. For details of the massacre and its preconcerted character, sec Parl. Papers, Egypt, No. 4 (1884).