Omdurman, Battle of, [441], [493-500]

Orleans, [97]

Osman Digna, [470], [486]

Osman Pasha, [196], [200], [205], [214-19]

Palikao, Count, [65], [75], [77], [79], [87]

Palmerston, Lord, [30], [438], [441]

Pan-German Movement, [593-4], [621]

Pan-Islamic Movement, [592-3], [608]

Panjdeh, [346], [426-9], [432]

Papal States, the, [9], [10]