Vandal, vol. ii., p. 535, admits that we had no hand in it. But the Czar naturally became more favourable to us, and at the close of 1811 secretly gave entry to our goods.

[250]

Quoted by Garden, vol. xiii., p. 171.

[251]

Bernhardi's "Denkwürdigkeiten des Grafen von Toll," vol. i. p. 223.

[252]

Czartoryski, vol. ii., ch. xvii. At Dresden, in May, 1812, Napoleon admitted to De Pradt, his envoy at Warsaw that Russia's lapse from the Continental System was the chief cause of war; "Without Russia, the Continental System is absurdity."