William Pitt and national revival - J. Holland Rose

[1043] Herrmann, “Geschichte Russlands,” vi, 445.

INDEX

Abdul Hamid I, Sultan of Turkey, his death, [506].
Abingdon, Lord, [474].
Abolitionist Society, the, [456–8], [473].
Adair, Sir Robert, his mission to St. Petersburg, [622–4].
Adams, John, United States Ambassador in London, [444].
Addington, Dr. Anthony, [50], [283], [284];
called in to see the King, [411], [412].
Addington, Henry, [283];
his friendship with Pitt, [284];
enters Parliament, [284], [285];
made Speaker, [464], [469].
Africa, proposed convict settlements in, [435], [437];
the Slave Trade in, [456], [457], [470], [473], [474].
Agriculture, development of, in Midlands and South of England, [31], [32].
Ainslie, Sir Robert, British Ambassador at Constantinople, [326], [486], [487], [489], [494], [506] n., [524].
Alaska, [563].
Algoa Bay, [435].
Alopeus, Russian envoy at Berlin, [597].
Althorpe, Lord, [90].
Alvanley, Lord. See [Arden, Richard Pepper].
Alvensleben, Count von, special Prussian envoy at Paris, [345], [380], [388], [621] n.
America, Spanish claims on the north-west coast, [565], [568], [573–5], [585–8];
discontent in Spanish America, [568].
American Colonies, Declaration of Independence, [2], [3].
See [United States].
American War of Independence, [2], [9], [21], [28], [78], [79], [100];
proposals for conciliation, [57], [61], [83], [101–4], [112];
conclusion of peace, [114].
Amiens, Peace of, [305].
Amsterdam, captured by the Prussians, [378], [379].
Anapa, capture of, [625].
Angra Pequeña, [435].
Ankerström, Jakob Johan, murders Gustavus III, [532].
Anne, Princess, [306].
Anstey, Mr., sent to the United States to settle the claims of the Loyalists, [444].
Antwerp, [298], [306].
Apsley, Lord, [90].
Arbitration, international, suggested by Pulteney, [340];
not admitted by Pitt between Spain and England, [574], [575].
Arcot, Nabob of, disposes of several seats in Parliament, [108], [109].
Arden, Richard Pepper (Lord Alvanley), [58], [72], [91];
Solicitor-General, [157], [158];
Attorney-General, [234], [235], [267], [283], [437];
made Lord Alvanley, [283].
Arkwright, Sir Richard, his spinning-frame, [2], [29].
Armaments, limitation of, [341].
Armed Neutrality, the, group of politicians so-called, [429].
Armed Neutrality League, [299].
Armfelt, Baron, [532].
Armstead, Mrs., [80], [409].
Artois, Comte d’, [546], [550].
Ashburton, Lord (John Dunning), [70];
made Chancellor of the Duchy, [105].
Auckland, Lord. See [Eden, William].
Australia. See [New South Wales].
Austria, alliance with France, [297], [300], [314], [375];
alliance with Russia, [299], [375];
British overtures repulsed, [300];
joins Russia in the war with Turkey, [384], [385], [481], [482], [490], [491], [527];
British policy towards, [489];
entente with Prussia, [523];
British proposals, [523–6];
weakness of her position, [527];
agrees to the Convention of Reichenbach, [528–30];
favours Russian claims, [600], [606];
peace with Turkey, [625].
See [Joseph II] and [Leopold II].
Austrian Netherlands. See [Belgic Provinces].
Babington, Thomas, [473].
Bahamas, the, [116].
Baker, Sir George, chief physician to George III, [407], [410].
Bankes, Henry, his friendship with Pitt, [58], [91], [137];
opposes Pitt’s Reform Bill (1785), [202], [203];
his independence, [293], [294].
Banks, Sir Joseph, [436].
Barbary States, [329].
Barnave, Antoine, [560], [624].
Barré, Colonel, proposes reform of public accounts, [87];
debate on his pension, [111];
accepts the Clerkship of the Pells, [159].
Barrier Treaty (1715), [298].
Bathurst, Earl, [79].
Bavaria, the Electorate of, proposal for exchange, [298], [304], [311], [353], [482].
Beauchamp, Lord, [434], [438].
Beauchamp, Lady, works on behalf of Fox, [172].
Beaufoy, Henry, [191];
supports the repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, [214], [215] n.
Belgic Provinces (of Austria), proposal for exchange, [298], [304], [311], [353], [482];
revolution in, [511], [513–15], [547];
French intrigues in, [513], [516];
Joseph II deposed, [515];
ancient constitution guaranteed by the Congress of Reichenbach, [530].
Bentinck, Count, [372].
Beresford, John, Irish Chief Commissioner of the Revenue, [248], [251], [255], [266], [337].
Berlin, Treaty of (1788), [389].
Bernstorff, Count, Danish Minister, [496], [497], [500], [615], [618].
Bible Society, founded, [473], [474].
Bischoffswerder, Baron von, Prussian diplomatist, [600];
his first mission to Vienna, [601], [609];
at Milan, [620] n.;
his second mission to Vienna, [628] n., [629].
Bolton, Lord. See [Orde].
Boswell, James, his description of Wilberforce’s speech at York, [170].
Botany Bay, convict settlement at, [437–43].
Bouillé, General de, [356].
Brabant. See [Belgic Provinces].
Bradford, Lord (Sir Henry Bridgeman), [90].
Bridgeman, Sir Henry. See [Bradford, Lord].
Brissot, Jean Pierre, supports abolition of the Slave Trade, [458].
Bristol, opposes abolition of the Slave Trade, [463].
British Columbia, [570], [588], [589].
Brooks’s Club, [85], [90], [167], [168], [393], [408], [413], [421].
Browne, Governor, his report on slavery in Bermuda, [459].
Brunswick, Charles, Duke of, commands the Prussian troops against Holland, [374], [376];
at the Conference of Reichenbach, [529].
Brunswick, Lewis, Duke of, guardian of the Stadholder, William V, [306].
Brussels, revolt of, [515].
Buckingham, Marquis of. See [Temple, George Grenville, Earl].
Bulgakoff, his mission to Constantinople, [486–8].
Burges, Bland, permanent Secretary at the Foreign Office, [72];
his anecdote of Pitt and Gibbon, [72], [73];
quoted, [236], [531] n., [583] n.
Burke, Edmund, his proposals for Economic Reform, [68], [69], [84];
his failure in Parliament, [81];
on Lord Shelburne, [82];
praises Pitt’s maiden speech, [85];
opposes Reform, [109], [201], [203];
resigns, [111];
draws a retort from Pitt, [115];
made Paymaster of the Forces, [129];
opposes Pitt’s proposals for retrenchment, [132];
speech in support of the India Bill, [146];
his diatribe against Pitt’s India Amending Act, [221], [222];
reasons for his hostility to Hastings, [226];
his motions against Hastings, [227–32], [239];
opposes Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, [262];
opposes the French Commercial Treaty, [342];
epigram on Pitt, [404];
in the Regency crisis, [414], [416], [421], [423];
protests against transportation, [434], [435], [438];
rupture with Fox, [451], [558];
on the Slave Trade, [457], [462];
on the revolt in Belgium, [547];
his “Reflections on the French Revolution,” [467], [553–7];
influence of the book in England, [557];
his “Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs,” [558], [560], [627] n.;
his “Thoughts on French Affairs,” [559], [560];
contrasted with Pitt, [552–61];
opposes the Russian War, [613];
his opinion of Ewart, [613] n.;
on the Polish Revolution, [627].
Burke, Richard, at Coblentz, [557], [613].
Burney, Fanny, quoted, [228], [402], [408], [409], [557].
Burton Pynsent, Chatham’s home, [39], [41], [43], [47].
Butler’s “Analogy,” Pitt on, [292].
Buxton, Sir T. F., [455].
Caffraria, suggested settlement on coast of, [435], [438].
Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, French Minister of Finance, and the treaty with England, [334], [338], [343–5];
his prodigality, [346–8], [358], [540];
his visits to England, [545], [550].
Cambridge Debt Bill, [290].
Camden, Earl (Charles Pratt), Lord Chief Justice, declines office under Pitt, [155];
President of the Council, [156], [384], [439], [560], [574] n., [616].
Camden, Marquis. See [Pratt, John Jeffreys].
Camelford, Lord. See [Pitt, Thomas].
Campbell, Lord, his “Lives of the Lord Chancellors” quoted, [235].
Canada, settlement of American Loyalists in, [440], [441], [443], [446], [447];
request of settlers for representative institutions and English laws, [447], [448];
preponderance of the French, [447], [448];
Canada Bill (1791), [449–53];
success of Pitt’s policy, [453];
the future of, [588].
Canning, George, [281], [283];
on the Slave Trade, [477].
Canterbury, Archbishop of. See [Moore, John].
Cape of Good Hope, [317] n., [356], [370];
question of convict settlement near, [435].
Carlisle, Earl of, Lord Privy Seal, [79], [129];
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, [245], [333], [611].
Carlisle, Countess of, works on behalf of Fox, [172].
Carmarthen, Marquis of (afterwards Duke of Leeds), Foreign Secretary, [9], [10], [13], [156], [160] n.;
correspondence with Harris, [275], [301], [302], [309], [314], [327], [335], [355], [360], [362], [493];
his plays, [309], [311];
negotiations with Russia, [315–17], [489];
his suspicions of France in the matter of the Commercial Treaty, [306], [328–30], [332], [334], [335], [343], [344], [347];
letter to the King on Dutch policy, [357];
strained relations with Pitt, [357], [358];
negotiations leading to the Triple Alliance, [365], [368], [370], [373], [374], [377], [381], [383], [384], [386], [387], [490];
a witty retort by, [424];
situation in the Baltic, [495–7];
commends Elliot, [500], [501];
becomes Duke of Leeds, [501], [502], [510];
the revolution in Belgium, [513], [516], [520];
the French Revolution, [546];
interviews with the Duke of Orleans, [547], [548];
the Nootka Sound dispute, [566], [569], [572], [576], [582];
the Eastern Question, [582], [590], [599], [605], [606], [608];
disagreement with Pitt, [616];
resigns, [618].
Carrington, Lord (Robert Smith), [91], [201], [285];
overhauls Pitt’s affairs, [287], [288].
Carteret, Lord (Henry Thynne), [159].
Cartwright, Rev. Edmund, his power loom, [3], [30].
Cartwright, Major John, [83], [204], [429];
his “Society for Promoting Constitutional Information,” [109], [206].
Catharine II, Czarina, [136], [140], [298];
alliance with Joseph II, [299], [353], [483];
repartee to Diderot, [299], [300];
repels British overtures, [300–4], [348], [488];
her schemes against Turkey, [304], [314], [315], [348], [353], [390], [481–3], [582];
makes a commercial treaty with France, [348], [485], [488];
war with Turkey, [375], [385], [487], [488], [502], [590], [591];
state progress to the Crimea, [480], [481], [483];
meeting with Joseph II, [480–3];
her career and character, [483], [484];
agreement with the King of Poland, [485], [486];
her anger against England, [488], [489], [494];
war with Sweden, [491], [493], [494], [502], [520], [521];
makes overtures to Fox, [504];
refuses British offer of mediation, [526];
makes peace with Gustavus III, [531], [532], [582], [592], [593];
her promises to him, [532], [533];
approached by Leopold II, [592];
Hertzberg’s treacherous proposals to, [597];
rejects Pitt’s demands for the status quo, [592], [598];
anxious for a peaceful settlement, [615], [618];
Pitt’s new proposals, [620], [621];
makes peace with Turkey, [626];
alliance with Sweden, [628], [629].
Cavendish, Lord G., [90].
Cavendish, Lord John, Chancellor of the Exchequer, resigns, [111];
moves a vote of censure against the Government, [120];
again Chancellor of the Exchequer, [129];
Pitt exposes the weak points of his Budget, [132];
forms a revenue committee, [185].
Cazalès, Jacques Antoine Marie de, [572].
Chambers, Sir Robert, anecdote of, [213].
Channing, Professor E., on the action of the United States to the Loyalists, [444] n.
Charles III of Spain, [568].
Charles IV of Spain, [568], [575], [577], [583], [584].
Charlotte, Queen, her virtue and unpopularity, [8];
her simple tastes, [24];
receives the wife of Warren Hastings, [226], [228];
her parsimony, [392], [393];
relations with the Prince of Wales, [393], [397], [402];
the King’s illness, [407], [408], [411], [414], [415], [420], [422], [426], [430].
Chariot, Comte de, appeals to England to protect Belgium against France, [513].
Chartres, Duc de. See [Orleans, Duke of].
Chatham, Hester, Lady, [36], [37], [39], [40], [288].
Chatham, John Pitt, 2nd Earl of, [40], [41], [57], [167], [269], [397], [398];
First Lord of the Admiralty, [567], [616].
Chatham, William Pitt, first Earl of, his death, [2];
his character and influence, [34], [35];
his defects, [35];
fallacious comparisons between him and his son, [39], [40];
his opinion of public schools, [42];
his careful choice of language, [43];
letters from his son, [44], [51];
his last speeches and death, [61];
hostility of the King to, [62];
state of his affairs, [64];
his Coalition with Newcastle compared with that of Fox and North, [119].
Chauvelin, Marquis de, French ambassador to England, [281].
Cherbourg, fortification of, [211], [327], [341].
Cheyt Singh, Zamindar of Benares, [225], [232], [233], [238], [239].
China, trade between America and, [563].
Cholmondeley, Lord, Walpole on his death, [25].
Chotzim, surrender of, [491].
Church Missionary Society founded, [473].
Civil List, proposals for reform of, [68], [84].
“Clapham Sect,” the, [473].
Clarence, Duke of (afterwards William IV), opposes abolition of the Slave Trade, [471], [472], [474].
Clarkson, Thomas, [322], [455], [457], [468], [473], [478].
Clavering, Sir John, his intrigues against Hastings, [224].
Clavière, Etienne, supports abolition of the Slave Trade, [458].
Clerk, Sir Philip, [69].
Clerkship of the Pells, the, [159].
Clinton, Sir Henry, [445].
Coal, duty on, [186].
Coalition Ministry (1783) formed, [118];
names of Ministers, [128], [129];
dismissed, [148].
Cobenzl, Count, Austrian Vice-Chancellor, [524], [527], [614], [620] n.
Coke of Norfolk, [163], [611].
Colnett, Captain, his ships seized by the Spaniards at Nootka, [563–5].
Commerce, Committee of Council for, appointed by Pitt, [257].
Commons, House of. See [Parliament].
Commutation Bill (1784), [185].
Consols, lowness of (1783, 1784), [178], [180];
rise in (1785), [318],
(1786), [341].
Constantine, Prince, grandson of Catharine II, [482].
Constitutional Information, Society for Promoting, [109], [206].
Contractors Bill (1782), [110], [113].
Convict Settlements, Parliamentary Report on (1785), [434], [435];
scheme for new, [435–40].
Conway, General, [102], [112], [116], [159], [163].
Cook, Captain, [436], [438], [440], [562], [564].
Coote, Sir Eyre, death of, [147].
Corn, Bill to regulate export of (1789), [544];
export of from Ireland to England forbidden, [545].
Cornwall, Charles Wolfran, Speaker, his death, [422].
Cornwallis, Earl, declines office under Pitt, [156];
Governor-General of India, [224], [370], [371], [402];
mission to Berlin, [314];
suggested as Home Secretary, [619].
Corporation Act, its repeal proposed and rejected, [212], [214], [215].
Cort of Gosport, his invention for the production of malleable iron, [31].
Cotton industry, its enormous expansion, [30].
County Reform Associations, [21], [27], [68], [71], [169].
Court, the English, strictness of the etiquette at, [16], [392].
Courtenay, John, M.P., [211].
Crabbe, Thomas, on smuggling, quoted, [182], [183].
Cracow, Bishop of, [627].
Craufurd, George, English commissioner at Versailles, [328–30].
Crewe, Mrs., on Pitt’s administration, [154];
on behalf of Fox, [172].
Crompton, Samuel, his “mule-jenny,” [3], [29].
Crown, the debates on the influence of, [70], [130];
theory of royal veto, [148];
abuse of power of, [148], [149].
Cumberland, Henry Frederick, Duke of, his influence on the Prince of Wales, [393].
Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of, his death, [24].
Curtis, Alderman, [586].
Czartoryski family, the, in Poland, [486].
Dalrymple, Lord, British Ambassador at Berlin, [304] n., [313], [352], [353], [363] n.
Daly, Denis, M.P., [251].
Danzig, question of its cession to Prussia, [387], [507], [508], [511] n., [521] n., [522], [526], [529], [594], [596], [597], [599], [601], [606], [607], [613], [614].
Delancey, Colonel Stephen, [445], [446] n.
Delancey, Sir William, [446] n.
Del Campo, Marquis, Spanish Ambassador in London, [562], [565], [566].
Democracy, growth of, [2], [197], [203–6];
see [Chap. XXIV].
Dempster, George, [190], [191], [544].
Denmark, desires alliance with Great Britain, [385];
treaty with Russia, [496];
eager for war with Sweden, [496];
lays siege to Gothenburg, [496–9];
agrees to an armistice, [499], [500];
renders help to Russia, [501], [502], [600], [603].
Derby, Countess of, works on behalf of Fox, [172].
Desmoulins, Camille, [512], [571], [572].
Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of, supports Fox, [172], [173], [421], [623];
recognizes Mrs. Fitzherbert, [398];
her Diary, [409], [421] n.
Diamond Necklace Scandal, [140], [343], [382].
Diderot, Denis, [299], [300].
Dietz, Prussian envoy at Constantinople, [494], [506], [507] n., [509], [511], [521], [528].
Disbrowe, Colonel, epigram on Queen Charlotte, [392].
Dissenters. See [Nonconformists].
Dnieper, River, [603], [604].
Dniester, River, [597], [602], [604], [605], [615], [619], [620].
Dolben, Sir William, his bill for regulating transport of slaves, [461].
Dominica ceded to Great Britain, [116], [121].
Dönhoff, Countess, [609].
Dorchester, Lord, Governor-General of Canada, [448–50].
Dorset, Duke of, British Ambassador in Paris, [329], [333], [334], [341], [344] n., [369], [545];
recalled, [546].
Douglas, Captain, his ship seized by the Spaniards at Nootka, [564].
Dover House Club, [403].
Drake, Francis, British envoy at Copenhagen, [615].
Drinking in the eighteenth century, [23–5].
Düben, Count, Swedish Minister, [499].
Dublin Parliament, legislative independence conceded, [105].
Dumouriez, General, [547].
Duncannon, Lord, [90].
Duncannon, Viscountess, [172].
Duncombe, Charles Slingsby, elected member for York, [170], [201], [293], [586].
Dundas, Henry, [88];
his attitude on the conduct of the war, [101];
fails to win over Lord North, [117];
supports the choice of Pitt as Prime Minister, [125];
in favour of Pitt’s Reform proposals, [131];
opposes Fox’s India Bill, [146];
Treasurer of the Navy, [157];
his character, [157], [158];
his attitude on reform, [200] n., [201–3], [212];
letter to Cornwallis, [220];
introduces the India Amending Act of 1786, [221];
his high opinion of Cornwallis, [224];
his attitude to Warren Hastings, [227], [229], [230], [232], [234–6];
introduces Adam Smith to Pitt, [241] n.;
his house at Wimbledon, [270] n.;
his friendship with Pitt, [274];
account of, [276–80];
his influence in Scotland, [277], [278];
his influence over Pitt, [278], [279];
conviviality at Wimbledon, [279];
anecdotes of Pitt and, [279], [289], [404];
carries out the Canada Bill, [452];
on the Slave Trade, [469], [471], [475], [476];
defends the armament against Russia, [613], [618];
Home Secretary, [619].
Dundas, Sir Thomas, [173].
Dunning, John. See [Ashburton, Lord].
Dupont de Nemours, [346].
Durham, Lord, his Report on Canada (1839), [450], [452].
Dutch East India Company, [317], [327], [356], [382].
Dutch Republic. See [United Provinces].
East India Company, The, unsatisfactory state of, [143], [217];
Fox’s India Bill, [143–6];
resolutions of the general court, [161];
Pitt’s India Bill, [160–3];
proposals of Pitt’s second India Bill, [218–21];
hails Pitt as its champion, [223];
often on the verge of bankruptcy, [225];
how affected by Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, [260];
dispute with Pitt, [403], [404].
Economic Reform, movement for, [68], [110], [113].
Economistes, the, [322–4].
Economy Bill (1782), [110], [113], [178], [286].
Eden, Morton, Ambassador at Berlin, [629].
Eden, William (Lord Auckland), [79], [185], [233], [234];
opposes Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, [254], [255], [275];
his career, [333];
special envoy in Paris, [330], [331], [333–8], [341], [343], [347], [356], [367], [370], [371], [373], [376–81], [545];
his “Discourse on Banishment,” [432], [434];
letters from Wilberforce and Pitt to, on the Slave Trade, [459], [460];
Ambassador at Madrid, [459];
made Lord Auckland, [523];
Ambassador at The Hague, [523], [534], [569], [572], [592], [602], [610];
his opposition to Ewart, [602], [629].
Edmundson, William, [454].
Edward, Prince (afterwards Duke of Kent), [515];
sent to Gibraltar, [549].
Edwards, Gerard (afterwards Sir Gerard Noel), [91].
Effingham, Lady, [407].
Egypt, French policy in, [310], [326], [327], [355].
Eldon, Lord (John Scott), anecdote told by, [24];
opposes Fox’s India Bill, [146], [213].
Elections in England, popular licence, [27].
Elgin, Lord, his mission to Leopold II, [619], [620].
Eliot, Edward, made Lord Eliot, [159].
Eliot, Edward J., [58];
marries Harriet Pitt, [58];
goes with Pitt to France, [137];
death of his wife, [289], [290].
Elliot, Sir Gilbert (afterwards Earl of Minto), [146], [158], [274], [275], [428];
proposed as Speaker, [464].
Elliot, Hugh, letters to Pitt, [25] n., [396];
British Ambassador at Copenhagen, [496];
persuades Gustavus to accept English and Prussian mediation, [497–501];
his mission to Paris, [560], [579–81].
Ellis, Welbore, [102].
England. See [Great Britain].
English, character of the, [142].
Errington, Mr., uncle of Mrs. Fitzherbert, [397] n., [398].
Erskine, Thomas (afterwards Baron), attacks Pitt, [159];
defeated at the polls, [171];
attack on Pitt prompted by the Prince of Wales, [404].
Eugène, Prince, [481], [482].
Euston, Lord, [58], [90];
elected member for Cambridge University, [171].
Ewart, Joseph, letter to him, quoted, [9], [10];
Secretary of Legation at Berlin, [311];
originates the idea of the Triple Alliance, [313], [631];
Ambassador at Berlin, [313] n., [363] and n., [364], [365], [374], [375], [381], [386] n., [387], [389], [489] n., [490] n., [495], [497–9], [500] n., [507] n., [508], [510], [511] n., [514], [516], [519], [521] n., [528–30], [534], [574], [590], [593], [595], [598], [599], [616–19];
opposed by Auckland, [602], [603];
Burke’s opinion of him, [613] n.;
his description of his interview with Pitt, [617], [618];
his work nullified, [628], [631];
his recall and death, [629], [630].
Falconbridge, overseer of the Sierra Leone settlement, [473].
Family Compact, the (1761), [570], [571], [576].
Fawcett, General, [374].
Fawkener, William, special envoy to St. Petersburg, [619] n., [621–4], [625].
Ferguson of Pitfour, [88], [278].
Ferguson, Sir Edward, [191].
Fielding, Henry, on the occupations of a fop, [17].
Finckenstein, Count, Prussian Foreign Minister, [353], [364].
Finland, campaign in, [491], [493], [531].
Fitzgerald, Lord Robert Stephen, British Ambassador at Paris, [465], [513], [546–8].
Fitzherbert, Alleyne, British Ambassador at St. Petersburg, [300], [302], [486], [488];
his mission to Madrid, [570], [574], [577], [582–4].
Fitzherbert, Mrs., her relations with the Prince of Wales, [394–9].
Fitzpatrick, Richard, [426], [429].
Fitzwilliam, Earl, [145], [428], [429] n., [611].
Fitzwilliam, W., suggests a lottery for settling the Prince of Wales’s debts, [403] n.
Flanders. See [Belgic Provinces].
Fletcher, Sir Henry, [145].
Flood, Henry, [245], [252], [264].
Floridablanca, Count, Spanish Minister, [568], [573–5], [577], [584].
Floridas, the, ceded to Spain, [116], [120].
Flour, export of to France forbidden, [543–5].
Fontainebleau, Treaty of, [316].
Foster, John Baron Oriel, Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer, [248], [251], [337].
Fox, Charles James, his house at Wandsworth, [19];
his losses at gambling, [26];
his University career contrasted with Pitt’s, [58];
introduced to Pitt, [60];
his character and vices, [80], [93];
as an orator, [80], [81];
praises Pitt’s maiden speech, [85];
motion in favour of peace, [88];
made Foreign Secretary, [104];
supports proposals for Reform, [108], [109];
resigns, [111];
attacks Shelburne, [111], [112];
refuses Pitt’s overtures, [117];
his Coalition with North, [117], [118];
effect of his conduct, [119];
his defence, [120];
supports motion for a vote of censure, [120];
made Secretary of State in the Coalition ministry, [128];
supports Pitt’s reform proposals (1783), [131];
proposes to allow £100,000 a year to the Prince of Wales, [133];
attributes the King’s opposition to an intrigue of Pitt’s, [133];
introduces the India Bill, [142];
dismissed from office, [148];
attacks Pitt, [159];
defeats him and calls on him to resign, [163];
negotiations for a union of parties, [164];
offers to serve with Pitt, [165];
failure of negotiations, [166];
his attacks not pressed home, [167];
his election for Westminster invalidated, [173];
elected for Orkney and Shetland, [173];
Pitt’s ungenerous conduct to him, [173], [254], [271];
reasons for his defeat, [174];
opposes reduction of the tea duty, [185];
opposes Pitt’s proposal of a Sinking Fund, [192];
his amendment accepted by Pitt, [193];
attitude to the Reform Bill of 1785, [202];
supports repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, [214];
opposes Pitt’s second India Bill, [219], and his Amending Act, [222];
supports Burke’s motions against Hastings, [228], [230], [232], [239];
speeches on Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, [254], [255], [261], [262];
his opinion of Adam Smith, [262];
contrasted with Pitt, [273], [295];
opposes the French Commercial Treaty, [341], [342];
friendship with the Prince of Wales, [393], [396], [398], [399];
denies the marriage of the Prince with Mrs. Fitzherbert, [401];
champions the East India Company against Pitt, [404];
action on the King’s illness, [409], [413];
speeches on the Regency question, [415–18], [421], [423], [424];
his disappointment on the King’s recovery, [426], [427];
on Canadian policy, [448], [451], [452];
rupture with Burke, [451], [558];
on the Slave Trade, [463], [465], [467], [469], [474];
interview with Vorontzoff, [504];
opposes vote for the army (1790), [550], [551];
on the Convention with Spain, [586], [587];
opposes the Russian armament, [610], [612];
his relations with Adair, [623], [624].
Fox, George, [454].
“Fox’s Martyrs,” [170], [171].
France, Anglomania in, [17], [322];
peace concluded with, [115], [116], [136];
position of, after the peace, [139], [140], [321];
national debt of, [179], [180];
beginnings of Political Economy in, [183];
her activity in India, [220], [221], [230], [310], [317], [326], [355], [356], [373] n.;
war with the Mahrattas, [225];
alliance with Austria, [297], [300], [314];
compact with Sweden, [301–4];
designs in Egypt, [310], [327], [482], [483];
alliance with the United Provinces, [316], [317], [332];
her commanding position, [317];
mental sympathy with England in, [322];
commercial treaty with England, [325–40];
its reception, [341], [342];
reasons for its acceptance, [343–5];
its after effects, [346], [347];
the assembly of Notables, [343], [345], [358];
refuses Prussian proposal of joint intervention at The Hague, [354], [363], [367], [382];
financial difficulties, [347], [358];
her Dutch policy, [366–82];
duplicity of her policy and conduct, [370], [373] and n., [374], [379];
promises aid to Holland, [377],
but fails to give it, [378], [379];
destruction of her influence in the United Provinces, [379–82];
her finances compared with those of England, [405];
her expedition to New South Wales forestalled, [440];
opinion on the Slave Trade in, [458], [460], [463] (see [French Revolution]);
her preponderance in Canada, [447], [448];
her policy in Turkey, [482];
position of the peasants in France and other countries, [538], [539];
effect of philosophical speculation in France and England, [539], [540];
first efforts of reformers in, [540];
suspicious of England, [542], [550];
her constitution, [556].
Francis, Sir Philip, opposes Pitt’s Second India Bill, [219];
his hostility to Hastings, [222], [224], [226], [228], [233];
his friendship with Burke, [226], [556].
Franking, abuses of, [186], [187].
Franklin, Benjamin, at Westminster, [59];
his admiration for Lord Shelburne, [83];
Pitt meets him in Paris, [139], [140].
Fraser, British Ambassador at St. Petersburg, [385] n., [488] n., [489].
Frederick the Great, intrigues against England, [296], [297];
refuses to help the Princess of Orange, [309], [349], [351], [360];
refuses an alliance with England, [312], [314];
his death, [351].
Frederick William II of Prussia, his accession and character, [351], [352];
his overtures rejected by France, [354], [363], [367];
demands satisfaction from Holland for the insult to the Princess of Orange, [363–5], [370–2], [382];
his vacillation, [366], [374], [381];
sends an ultimatum to Holland, [374], [375];
invades Holland, [376];
alliance with England, [384–9];
his attitude to the war between Sweden and Russia, [494], [495];
threatens to invade Denmark if she attacks Sweden, [497], [499];
sanctions Hertzberg’s schemes, [506], [507], [514];
demands Belgian independence, [514], [516];
anger against England, [517];
treaty with Poland, [521];
correspondence with Leopold II, [523], [528];
renounces Hertzberg’s schemes, [529];
his Polish policy, [594], [595];
sends Bischoffswerder to Vienna, [601];
challenges England to take strong measures against Russia, [608], [609];
changes his attitude, [614];
agrees to Pitt’s proposals, [619], [621];
decides on an understanding with Austria, [628], [629].
Free Trade, ideas of, [322], [323], [343].
French East India Company, revived, [220], [221], [310], [317], [326], [341].
French Revolution, the National Assembly constituted, [511];
declares slaves free in French colonies, [465–7];
disastrous effects, [467];
declaration of war against England, [472];
intrigues in Belgium, [513], [516];
meeting of the States-General, [537], [538];
fall of the Bastille, [542];
the Revolution compared with the English Revolution, of 1688, [554], [555];
warlike attitude of the royalists in the Assembly, [570];
debate on the royal prerogative, [571];
proposed alliance with Spain against England, [576–8], [583].
French Royalists, failure of their settlement in Canada, [446], [447].
Friends, Society of. See [Quakers].
Friesland, Province of, [350], [368].
Frost, John, attorney, [109], [110].
Fürstenbund, the, [312], [482].
Gainsborough, Thomas, his portraits of Lady Chatham and William Pitt, [38].
Galicia, question of its restoration to Poland, [387], [507], [508], [511], [521–3], [526], [594].
Gambia River, penal settlement, [434], [435].
Gambling, in the eighteenth century, [26].
Game-laws, the, [15].
“Gazetteer,” the, [253], [255].
George III, resentment against his war policy, [7];
national loyalty to, [8];
his personality, [8];
his political power, [8–10];
his sobriety and simple tastes, [24], [25];
his hostility to Chatham, [61], [62];
his firmness during the Gordon Riots, [71];
his electioneering, [74], [99], [172];
disastrous effects of his policy, [76];
his increasing power, [77];
characteristics of, [97–100];
skill in intrigue, [99];
relations with his Ministers, [99];
his attitude after Yorktown, [100];
resignation of Lord North, [103];
foments discords in the Rockingham Ministry, [104], [105];
exerts influence against Reform, [110];
rebukes Pitt, [115];
urges Pitt to form a Ministry, [125–7];
threatens to retire to Hanover, [127];
is forced to accept the Coalition Ministry, [127], [128];
his hatred of Fox and North, [129];
refuses to grant honours, [129], [137];
his anger on the subject of the Prince of Wales’s allowance, [133];
makes overtures to Pitt through Thurlow, [134], [135];
recalls Pitt from Paris, [141];
intervenes to secure defeat of the India Bill in the Lords, [147], [148];
appoints Pitt Prime Minister, [148];
refuses to remove him, [168];
dissolves Parliament, [169];
his relations with Pitt after 1784, [175], [176];
attitude to the Reform Bill of 1785, [197], [201], [204];
favours Warren Hastings, [226], [228], [235], [236];
insists on an Irish contribution towards naval expenses, [250];
letter on the death of Pitt’s sister, [290];
desire for peace, [301], [317], [357], [494];
causes Hanover to join the Fürstenbund, [312];
his opinion of Sir James Harris, [369];
in favour of an Anglo-Prussian alliance, [388];
his insanity, [392], [407];
relations with the Prince of Wales, [393–402];
his letters to the Prince drafted by Pitt, [399], [408];
reconciliation with the Prince, [402];
decline in health, [406], [407];
stories of his madness, [407] and n.;
progress of the disease, [410–13];
removed to Kew House, [413];
treated by Dr. Willis, [414], [415];
his recovery, [426], [427], [504];
his confidence in Pitt, [430];
his partiality to Thurlow, [464], [465];
absorbed in domestic troubles, [515], [549];
on the Duke of Orleans’ visit to London, [547];
his silence with regard to the French Revolution, [549];
his determined attitude on the Nootka Sound dispute, [566], [567];
on Elliot’s mission to Paris, [579], [580].
Georgia, Principality of, [486].
Germain, Lord George. See [Sackville, Viscount].
Gibbon, Edward, worsted in a discussion with Pitt, [72], [73].
Gibraltar, Siege of, [67], [79];
relieved, [106], [114];
question of ceding it, [114].
Gilbert’s Act (1782), [15].
Giurgevo, defeat of the Austrians at, [527].
Glynn, Dr., [50], [51].
Gold Coast, the, [435].
Goltz, Count von, Prussian envoy at Warsaw, [522] n.
Goostree’s, [89], [91–3].
Gordon, Duchess of, [404].
Gordon, Lord George, [71], [341].
Gordon Riots, the, [9], [27], [71].
Goree, ceded to France, [116].
Görtz, Count, special Prussian envoy to The Hague, [354], [373].
Gothenburg, besieged by the Danes, [496], [498–500].
Gower, (second) Earl, President of the Council, [156].
Gower (third) Earl, ambassador in Paris, [576] n., [577], [579], [580].
Grafton, Duke of, Privy Seal, [114], [116], [616];
declines office under Pitt, [155].
Graham, Lord, [90].
Graham, Thomas (Lord Lynedoch), [16].
Granby, Lord, [56]. See [Rutland, Duke of].
Grant, General, letter to Cornwallis on the Prince of Wales, [402].
Grantham, Lord, Foreign Secretary, [111], [325].
Granville Bay and Town, [473].
Grasse, Count de, defeated by Rodney, [106].
Grattan, Henry, [105], [246], [247], [251], [252], [264].
Great Britain, state of, in and after 1780, [4] et seq.;
power and character of the peers, [10], [13], [14];
power of the squires, [14–16];
etiquette at Court, [16];
manners and customs in 1782, [17–20];
wealth and prosperity, [18];
her stolid conservatism, [21];
vices of the age, [23–6];
industrial expansion, [28–31];
development of agriculture, [31], [32];
financial position in 1784, [179], [180];
penal code, [433], [434];
state of in 1791, [611].
Gregory, Robert, [146].
Greig, Admiral, in command of the Russian fleet, [493].
Grenada, ceded to Great Britain, [116], [121].
Grenville, Hester. See [Chatham, Lady.]
Grenville, Thomas, [171], [410] n.
Grenville, William Wyndham (Lord Grenville), [90];
his speech on the India Bill, [146];
Paymaster of the Forces, [157];
speaks in defence of Hastings, [232], [234], [235];
his house at Wimbledon, [270] n.;
his career and character, [280], [281];
mission to The Hague, [280], [307] n., [356] n., [369], [374];
mission to Paris, [280], [378], [379];
his influence over Pitt in foreign affairs, [317], [326], [405];
made Speaker, [412], [422];
Home Secretary, [449], [464];
created Baron Grenville, [449], [466];
his share in the Canada Bill, [449–52];
on the Slave Trade, [476], [477];
Foreign Secretary, [535] n., [544], [559], [560], [575], [599], [616], [618–20], [624], [627].
Grey, Charles (afterwards Earl Grey), [289], [586], [613], [624].
Groschlag, French envoy to Berlin, [375].
Grosvenor, Thomas, M.P., [466].
Guelderland, Province of, [350], [359], [376].
Gustavus III of Sweden, [385];
declares war on Russia, [491], [493], [502];
his character and career, [492];
alliance with Turkey, [493], [495];
retires to Stockholm, [494], [498];
not supported by England or Prussia, [494], [495];
proceeds to Gothenburg, [498], [499];
accepts English and Prussian mediation, [499], [500];
his ambitious schemes, [501];
makes peace with Russia, [530–3], [592], [593];
open to an offer from the Allies, [600], [603], [609], [621];
alliance with Russia, [628], [629].
Haggerston, Sir Carnaby, [397], [398].
Hague, The, treaty signed at (1788), [383];
Conference at, [534];
Convention signed at (1790), [534].
Hailes, Daniel, Secretary to the embassy in Paris, [326], [327], [330], [332], [334], [343–5], [355], [356], [545];
British envoy at Warsaw, [522], [595], [596], [598], [626], [627], [630].
Haldimand, Governor, [446].
Hamilton, Lady Anne, her “Memoirs of the Court of George III,” quoted, [275].
Hamilton, Gerald, [424].
Hanover, included in the Fürstenbund, [312], [313].
Hardy, Thomas, on smuggling, [182].
Hargreaves, James, his spinning-jenny, [2], [29].
Harris, Sir James (afterwards Earl of Malmesbury), account of, [308], [309];
Ambassador at St. Petersburg, [79], [296], [299], [302], [304], [484];
Ambassador at The Hague, [275], [308–10], [314], [315], [317], [326], [327], [335], [347], [349–51], [354], [355], [357–64], [369], [372–4], [376], [381], [388], [389];
confidante of the Prince of Wales, [394], [395], [424].
Harrowby, Earl of. See [Ryder, Dudley].
Hastings, Warren, vote of censure on, [143], [217];
order for his recall annulled, [143], [217];
his plan of an alliance with the Great Mogul frustrated by his Council, [221];
his treatment of Cheyt Singh, [224], [225], [232], [233];
the affair of the Begums of Oude, [225], [239], [240];
source of Burke’s information against him, [226];
received with favour by the King, [226];
interview with Pitt, [227];
charges against him, [229–40];
his impeachment, [233], [240].
Hats, tax on, [186].
Hawkesbury, Lord, [471].
Hayes, Chatham’s house at, [37], [40], [41], [43], [48].
Henry, Prince, of Prussia, [479], [609].
Herbert, George Augustus (afterwards Earl of Pembroke), [155].
Hertzberg, Count, Prussian Foreign Secretary, anxious for an alliance with England, [311], [312], [353], [363], [364], [366], [375];
signs the treaty with England (1788), [389];
his schemes in Eastern Europe, [384], [386], [387], [489] n., [491], [494], [495], [506–10], [520–3], [528];
Belgian policy, [511], [513], [514], [574];
Polish policy, [594], [596], [597], [614];
treacherous proposals to Russia, [597], [599], [606], [607], [619];
decline of his power, [600], [601], [621] n.;
his fall, [628].
Hesse, Prince of, Danish Commander-in-chief, [499].
Hippisley, J. C., British agent, [545].
Holland, Province of, [350], [351], [355], [360];
the Free Corps detain and insult the Princess of Orange, [361], [362], [364], [366];
the Estates refuse to apologize, [370–2];
cancel their appeal for help to France, [376];
bad faith of the French towards, [377–9].
Holwood House, [265] n., [269].
Hood, Admiral, Lord, [172], [173], [567].
Horses, tax on, [186].
Howard, John, [214], [322], [433].
Howe, Admiral Lord, relieves Gibraltar, [114];
First Lord of the Admiralty, [156];
resigns, [567].
Hyde de Neuville, [281].
Hyder Ali, invades the Carnatic, [79], [143], [217], [225].
India. See [Chap. X];
Fox’s India Bill, [142–8];
Pitt’s first India Bill, [160–3];
his second India Bill, [218–20];
his Amending Act of 1786, [221], [222];
increased power of the Viceroy, [222], [223];
joint action of the Dutch and French in, [317], [356];
French plans for overthrow of British power in, [356];
British garrison strengthened, [403];
India Declaratory Act (1788), [404].
Indian “nabobs,” influence of, [16], [223].
Imhoff, Baron, [226].
Income Tax, Pitt’s opinion of, in 1798, [188].
Industrial Revolution, the, [2], [29];
its results, [29–32].
“Influence,” importance of, [12], [91];
Pitt’s increasing use of, [208], [209].
Ireland. See [Chap. XI];
burden of taxation in (1781), [5];
state of, in 1782, [105];
state of, in 1783, [141];
the Act of Union (1800), [203];
history of Anglo-Irish relations, [242–6];
Protestant tyranny in, [242];
growth of toleration, [242], [243];
composition of the Irish Parliament, [242], [243];
the woollen and linen industries, [243], [244];
Volunteer corps, [244], [245];
restrictions on trade removed, [245];
repeal of the Test Act, [245];
legislative independence secured, [105], [106], [245];
demand for “protection,” [246], [247];
question of parliamentary reform, [246–9];
suggestion of an Irish contribution to imperial funds, [248–54];
Pitt’s Commercial Resolutions, [198], [200], [202], [209], [249–66];
passed by the Dublin Parliament, [251];
debated at Westminster, [253–5];
campaign of protest against the Resolutions, [255–7];
report of committee of inquiry, [258], [259];
modified Resolutions introduced, [260];
passed at Westminster, [264];
opposed in Ireland and dropped, [264];
letter of Wilberforce on the Resolutions, [282], [283];
how affected by the French commercial treaty, [337–9];
the Irish Parliament adopts Fox’s arguments on the Regency, [424], [426].
Iron industry, expansion of the, [31].
Ismail, fall of, [590], [591], [598].
Jackson, Francis, chargé-d’affaires at Berlin, [595], [598], [600], [606], [608], [609], [614], [616], [617].
Jassy, treaty of, [626].
Jebb, John, M.D., [84].
Jenkinson, Charles (afterwards Earl of Liverpool), [79], [146];
head of the Council of Commerce, [262], [263], [289], [334];
on the Slave Trade, [463], [469], [476].
Jervis, Sir John, [581].
Johnson, Dr., his qualified Jacobitism, [9];
a typical clubman, [20];
on tippling, [23];
anecdote of, and Sir R. Chambers, [213].
Johnstone, British chargé-d’affaires at Copenhagen, [501].
Jones, Paul, received by the Empress Catharine, [489].
Joseph II, Emperor, his aims, [297];
his Belgian policy, [298], [304], [353];
alliance with Catharine II, [299], [353];
attitude towards the Dutch crisis, [366];
joins Russia in the war with Turkey, [375], [384], [385], [483], [485], [488], [491];
danger of his schemes, [385], [387], [390];
meeting with Catharine II, [480], [481], [483];
failure of his campaign against the Russians, [491], [505];
destroys the constitution of Brabant, [511];
resolves to subdue the Netherlands, [515];
his death, [518].
“Junius,” on the elections of 1784, [171].
Kainardji, Treaty of, [375], [486], [487], [532], [631].
Kaunitz, Prince, Austrian Chancellor, [300], [483], [491], [523], [524], [533], [534], [574] n., [592], [601], [614], [620], [625], [629].
Kazeneck, Count, Austrian envoy in London, [315].
Keene, Charles, British Ambassador at Stockholm, [493], [494], [498] n., [499] n.
Keith, Sir Robert Murray, British Ambassador at Vienna, [300], [366], [389], [482], [491] n., [524], [527], [618], [620].
Kenyon, Lloyd, Baron, Attorney-General, [157], [158];
Master of the Rolls, [231].
Keppel, Admiral (Viscount), First Lord of the Admiralty, [102], [111], [112], [114];
resigns, [116];
opposes Shelburne, [119];
again at the Admiralty, [129];
opposes Reform, [132].
Kielmansegge, Count von, on English etiquette, [16].
Kinburn, siege of, [490].
Kingsbergen, Admiral, on the value of Oczakoff, [603], [604].
“King’s Friends,” the, [8], [77], [130].
Knobelsdorff, Baron von, [528] n.
Lafayette, Marquis de, Pitt meets him in Paris, [139], [140];
and the Duke of Orleans, [547] n., [548].
Lageard, Abbé de, [138].
Lambton, John, M.P., [611].
Lansdowne, Marquis of. See [Shelburne, Lord].
La Pérouse, French expedition to New South Wales under, [440].
Laudon, Marshal, [525].
League of the Armed Neutrality, the, [79].
Lee, Colonel, [396].
Leeds, Duke of. See [Carmarthen, Marquis of].
Leghorn, [319].
Lennox, Lord, [90].
Leopold II, Emperor, his accession and character, [518], [519];
makes overtures to Frederick William II, [523];
his policy, [525], [527];
threatens the Netherlands, [525], [527], [533], [534];
agrees to the Reichenbach Convention (1790), [528–30], [591], [592];
agrees to the Hague Convention, [534], [535], but refuses to ratify it, [535];
his treacherous conduct, [592], [599], [600], [614], [619], [620];
pro-Russian policy, [601], [620];
makes peace with Turkey, [625].
Lewisham, Viscount, [146].
Lexington, skirmish at, [57].
Liége, rising in, [512], [514].
Lille, negotiations at, [476], [477].
Lindsay, William, secretary to the embassy at St. Petersburg, [623].
Liston, Robert, British envoy at Stockholm, [531], [532], [566], [600], [621].
Liverpool, Earl of. See [Jenkinson, Charles].
Locke, John, [322], [539].
Loménie de Brienne, Archbishop, [373] n.
London, customs, [17–19];
pleasure resorts, [18], [19];
boundaries in 1780, [19], [20];
growth of suburbs, [20];
decline of clubs, [20];
the elections of 1782, [27].
London, City of, device of the Corporation for fining Nonconformists, [213].
Long, Charles (afterwards Lord Farnborough), [58].
Lonsdale, Lord. See [Lowther, Sir James].
Loo, Provisional Treaty of (1788), [389].
Lothian, Marquis of, goes over to the Prince of Wales, [424].
Lotteries, State, [180].
Loughborough, Lord (Alexander Wedderburn), [129], [245], [369] n., [472];
betrayed by Thurlow, [408], [420], [421], [428].
Louis XVI, of France, [139], [140], [297], [310], [324];
his influence for peace, [356], [373] n.;
his study of geography, [436];
at the beginning of the Revolution, [537], [540], [541], [545], [552], [571];
captured at Varennes, [625], [628].
Lowther, Sir James (afterwards Lord Lonsdale), [58];
offers Pitt a seat at Appleby, [74].
Loyalists, American, their position after the peace, [120], [121], [136], [436], [437], [440], [441];
condition of those settled in Great Britain, [443], [444];
compensation voted, [445];
settlement in Canada, [446–8], [453];
called “United Empire Loyalists,” [446], [447].
Lucchesini, Marchese di, Prussian envoy at Warsaw, [522], [619], [620].
Luddite riots, the, [30].
Lusi, Count, Prussian ambassador in London, [314], [365].
Luttrell, Colonel, opposes Reform, [131].
Luzerne, Marquis de, French ambassador in London, [541–3].
Lymburner, Mr., drafts petition against the Canada Bill, [450], [451].
Lynedoch, Lord, [16].
Macaulay, Lord, his education, [42], [43];
his “Warren Hastings” criticized, [236], [238];
his anecdote of Pitt and Dundas, [279].
Macaulay, Zachary, [455];
governor of Sierra Leone, [473].
Macqueen of Braxfield, Lord Justice Clerk, his address to the jury quoted, [15], [16].
Maestricht, Joseph II lays claim to, [298], [310], [316].
Magistrates, powers of, [14], [15].
Mahon, Lord. See [Stanhope, Earl].
Mahratta wars, [225], [230].
Malmesbury, Lord. See [Harris, Sir James].
Manchester, deputation from, against war with Russia, [614], [621].
Manifest Act, the (1786), [185].
Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice, [22], [213], [456];
Pitt attracts his notice, [73];
defeated at Cambridge, [171];
supports Hastings, [228].
Marie Antoinette, [139], [140], [297], [324], [346];
supports the alliance with Austria, [298], [310], [375], [382];
her caprice, [540], [541], [546];
her intrigues against England, [552], [620];
captured at Varennes, [625], [628].
Marsham, Charles (afterwards Lord Romney), [91], [550].
Martin, Sir T. Byam, [210].
Martinez, Captain, seizes British ships at Nootka, [564], [565], [573].
Maseres, Baron, [192].
Mason, Canon, [169], [171].
Matra, James Maria, his scheme for colonizing Botany Bay, [436–9], [441].
Meares, John, founds a settlement at Nootka, [563];
his ships seized by the Spaniards, [564];
his “Memorial,” [565], [566].
Mechanical inventions, [2], [3], [28], [29].
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Duke of, [516] n.
Meeke, Rev. Francis, Pitt’s letters to, [89].
Melville, Lord. See [Dundas, Henry].
Mercy d’Argenteau, Count, Austrian envoy at The Hague, [534].
Merry, Antony, British chargé-d’affaires at Madrid, [565], [566], [573].
Methuen Treaty (1703), [23], [337].
Mexico, the Spanish Viceroy of, [563], [564], [573].
Middleton, Sir Charles (afterwards Lord Barham), Secretary to the Admiralty, [210], [439], [473];
resigns, [567].
Middleton, Lady, [457].
Miles, William Augustus, diplomatic agent in Holland, [379];
in Paris, [576] n., [578], [579], [581], [583].
Milner, Dr., Dean of Carlisle, [473].
Minorca, loss of, [79], [105], [116], [120], [121];
offered to Catharine II, [299].
Minto, Earl of. See [Elliot, Sir Gilbert].
Miquelon, ceded to France, [116].
Mirabeau, Count, [466], [571];
proposes alliance with Spain against England, [576–8];
his relations with Hugh Elliot, [579–81], [583].
Miranda, General Francesco A. G., his dealings with Pitt, [569].
Mitford, John (afterwards Lord Redesdale), [72].
Mogul, the Great, Hastings seeks an alliance with, [221], [230].
Moira, Earl of (Lord Rawdon), [429].
Moldavia, coveted by Austria, [385], [387], [481], [505], [507], [511], [525].
Möllendorf, General, [529], [609].
Monson, George, his intrigues against Hastings, [222], [224].
Montagu, Frederick, [145].
Montagu, Lord, Governor of the Prince of Wales, [104].
Montesquieu, Baron de, on the English constitution, [10];
on aristocracy, [13];
his “Esprit des Lois,” [60], [322], [539].
Montmorin, Comte de, French Foreign Minister, his Dutch policy, [359], [362], [363], [365], [369–73], [376–8], [380–2];
rejects Prussian overtures, [367], [382];
on the Slave Trade, [460];
opposed to the partition of Turkey, [485], [491];
his suspicions of England, [542], [575], [576], [577], [581].
Montserrat, ceded to Great Britain, [116], [121].
Moore, Colonel (afterwards Sir John), [479].
Moore, the Most Rev. John, Archbishop of Canterbury, consulted by Pitt on the repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, [215];
on the Slave Trade, [471].
Moore, Thomas, anecdote in his Diary, [50].
More, Hannah, [473].
Morgan, William, his “Memoir of R. Price” quoted, [190], [191].
Moritz, C. P., on English society, [17–19];
on the elections of 1782, [27].
“Morning Chronicle,” the, [255].
Mornington, Earl of (afterwards Marquis Wellesley), [105], [255].
Mosquito Coast, [310].
Mulgrave, Lord, opposes Reform, [131];
votes against the impeachment of Warren Hastings, [234], [235].
Muncaster, Lord, [473].
Münster, Treaty of (1648), [298].
Napier, Sir William, anecdote of, [272].
Napoleon Bonaparte, [305] and n., [306], [382].
National Debt, the, in 1780, [5];
growth of during the American War, [28], [321];
in 1783, [179];
the unfunded debt, [181];
reduced by the operation of the Sinking Fund, [195], [405].
“Nautilus,” H.M.S., voyage of, [435], [438].
Navigation Acts, the, [181], [254], [260], [261], [263].
Navy, the, reorganized by Pitt, [210], [211], [377], [381], [405], [567].
Necker, Jacques, desires the marriage of Pitt with his daughter, [140], [141];
on the National Debt of England and France, [179];
a friend of Reform, [324], [344];
his return to power, [405], [460], [462], [537], [542];
appeals to Pitt to sanction the export of flour, [543], [544].
Negapatam, ceded to Great Britain, [116], [136], [306], [383].
Nepean, Evan, Under-Secretary for Home Affairs, [436] n., [439].
Netherlands, Belgic. See [Belgic Provinces].
Netherlands, Dutch. See [United Provinces].
Nevis, ceded to Great Britain, [116], [121].
New South Wales, colonization of, [436–43];
French expedition forestalled by the English, [440].
Newton, Rev. John, [473].
New Zealand, flax growing in, [436], [437], [439].
Noel, Sir Gerald, [91].
Nolcken, Baron, Swedish ambassador in London, [593].
Nonconformists, position of, [213–15].
Nootka Sound dispute, the, [562–88].
Norris, Robert, his evidence on the Slave Trade, [456].
North, Colonel, [146], [214].
North, Frederick, Lord, his administration, [8], [9], [61], [70], [74];
his character, [78], [79];
praises Pitt’s maiden speech, [85];
his despair on hearing of Yorktown, [100];
defeated in the House, [102];
resigns, [103];
his alliance with Fox, [117];
speech on the peace, [120];
congratulates Pitt on his speech, [122];
the Coalition Ministry, [128];
opposes Pitt’s Reform proposals, [131];
dismissed from office, [148];
his dishonest finance, [180], [181];
opposes Pitt’s Reform Bill (1785), [202];
opposes repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, [214];
his Irish proposals (1778), [244];
anecdote of, [273].
Northington, Lord, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, [129].
Northumberland, Duke of, [429].
Nova Scotia, settlement of American Loyalists in, [446].
Nystadt, Peace of, [526].
Oczakoff, fortress of, [490];
captured by the Russians, [494], [502], [503], [505];
question of restoring it, [585], [591], [597], [598], [611], [615], [622];
its value to Russia, [603–6].
Oginski, Count, Polish Minister at The Hague, his mission to London, [594], [596].
O’Hara, General, Commander at Gibraltar, and Prince Edward, [549] n.
Opium monopoly, the, [144].
Orange, Prince of. See [William V].
Orange, Wilhelmina, Princess of, [308–10], [349], [351], [354], [359];
sets out from Nymeguento The Hague, [361];
stopped by the Free Corps and obliged to return, [362–4];
the King of Prussia demands reparation, [363–5], [370–2].
Orde, Thomas (afterwards Lord Bolton), Chief Secretary for Ireland, [155], [157], [209], [247], [248], [250–3], [257], [265], [266].
Orleans, Philippe Egalité, Duke of, [322];
his mission to London, [514], [547], [548].
Orwell Park, Gainsborough portraits at, [38];
Pitt’s books preserved there, [54] n., [94].
Ostend, proposal to hand it over to England, [513].
Ostermann, Russian Vice-Chancellor, [598], [626].
Oude, Hastings lets out East India Company’s troops to the Rajah of, [225];
the affair of the Begums of, [225], [239], [240].
Paley, William, [455].
Papendiek, Mrs., [407].
Parliament:
House of Commons, proposals for Reform, [7], [70], [71], [83], [84], [109], [130], [131], [178], [197–207];
dominated by the King, [9];
power of the Nobles over, [10], [11];
property qualification for members, [14];
apathy of, [69], [78];
corruption, [70], [71];
elections of 1780, [74], [75];
elections of 1784, [169–73];
growth in power of the Cabinet, [176];
disfranchisement of corrupt boroughs, [198];
resignation of Ministry after defeat unnecessary, [204], [205], [212];
elections of 1790, [466].
House of Lords, [14].
Passarowitz, Peace of (1718), [481], [525], [526].
Patriotic Fund, the, [288].
Patronage. See “[Influence].”
Payne, Jack, Comptroller of the Household to the Prince of Wales, [403], [408].
Pays Bas. See [Belgic Provinces].
Peerages, creation of, [11], [91];
the King refuses to grant any for the Coalition, [129], [137], [208];
Pitt’s creations, [209].
Peers, the, power of (1780), [10];
their numbers and character, [13], [14].
Pelham, Henry, reduction of tea-duty by (1745), [183].
Penal Settlements. See [Convict Settlements].
Perez, Captain, his voyage to Nootka Sound, [564].
Petty, Lord Henry, Chancellor of the Exchequer, on the Sinking Fund, [194].
Philanthropy, growth of, [22];
in France and England, [322], [456].
Phillip, Captain, Governor of Botany Bay, [440].
Pigot, Admiral, [403].
Pitt, Christopher, translator of Virgil, [36].
Pitt, Harriet, [46];
her marriage, [58];
her death, [289].
Pitt, John, 2nd Earl of Chatham. See [Chatham].
Pitt, Thomas, Governor of Madras, [36].
Pitt, Thomas, of Boccanoc (Lord Camelford), [70];
opposes Pitt’s reform proposals, [108];
suggested as Prime Minister, [126];
supports Pitt’s new proposals of reform, [131];
made Lord Camelford, [159].
Pitt, William. See [Chatham, Earl of].
Pitt, William, the younger, condition of affairs at the beginning of his career, [1–33];
his reluctance in granting titles, [11];
typical of his age, [32], [33];
his birth and parentage, [34–8];
his devotion to his parents, [39];
correspondence with his mother, [39];
outshines his elder brother, [40];
designed for Parliament, [41];
his precarious health, [41], [42], [49];
his education, [42], [43];
early letters, [44], [45], [47];
his first poem, [46];
produces a play, [47], [48];
goes to Cambridge, [49], [50];
serious illness, [50];
his studies and life at Cambridge, [53–62];
malicious story of his classical tags, [54], [94];
interest in politics, [57];
his friends, [57], [58];
his shyness, [59], [90];
attends debates in Parliament, [59], [60], [64];
introduced to Fox, [60];
his endowments as an orator, [60];
death of his father, [61];
called to the Bar, [67];
attitude to Reform, [70], [71];
story of his discussion with Gibbon, [72], [73];
defeated at Cambridge, [74];
enters Parliament as member for Appleby, [75];
his maiden speech, [83–7];
speech on the public accounts, [87];
on the American War, [88], [89];
social life, [89–95];
at Goostree’s, [91–3];
gives up gambling, [26], [92], [93];
charm of his conversation, [93], [94];
his gaiety, [94];
his uprightness, [94];
speech after the disaster at Yorktown, [101];
bold declaration of his future position, [102];
refuses a subordinate post, [105];
supports the Rockingham Ministry, [105];
speeches on Parliamentary Reform, [106–10];
becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer, [111];
defends Shelburne against Fox, [112];
incurs a rebuke from the King, [114], [115];
endeavours to negotiate an alliance with Fox, [117];
great speech on the vote of censure, [120–3];
defeat of the Government, [123];
he declines to form a Ministry, [125–7];
resigns office, [128];
further proposals for Reform, [130], [131];
refuses overtures from the King, [134], [135];
speech on the treaties of peace, [136], [137];
journey to Reims, [137–9];
visits Paris, [139];
scheme for his marriage to Mlle. Necker, [140], [141];
opposition to the India Bill, [145], [146].
Accepts office as Prime Minister, [148];
difficulties of his position, [149], [154];
rupture with Temple, [152], [153];
relations with Shelburne, [155];
his first Cabinet, [156];
action with regard to the Clerkship of the Pells, [159];
defeated in the House, [160];
introduces his India Bill, [160];
on its rejection he refuses to resign, [163];
failure of negotiations for a union of parties, [164–6];
his critical position, [165];
growing popularity, [167];
receives the freedom of the City, [167];
assaulted outside Brooks’s Club, [167], [168];
dissolution of Parliament, [169];
elected for Cambridge University, [171];
his ungenerous conduct towards Fox over the Westminster election, [173], [254], [271], [272];
reasons for his victory, [175–7];
his relations to the Crown, [175], [176];
his financial measures, [179] et seq.;
indebtedness to Adam Smith, [183], [184];
and to Shelburne, [184];
his budgets of 1784 and 1785, [186–8];
his proposals for a Sinking Fund, [188–95];
His relations with Price, [190–3];
accepts an amendment by Fox, [193];
his Reform Bill of 1785, [197–203];
defeated, [202];
reasons for shelving Reform, [203–6];
supports Stanhope’s Reform Bill, [206];
effect on him of his defeats, [207];
increased use of “influence,” [208], [209];
his care for the navy, [210], [377], [567];
proposals for fortifying Portsmouth and Plymouth, [211];
opposes repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, [214], [215];
introduces his second India Bill, [218–20];
his Amending Act of 1786, [221], [222];
greatness of his India Bills, [223];
interview with Hastings, [227];
assumes a neutral position towards him, [228–32];
his speech on the Benares affair, [232], [233];
defence of his action, [234–40];
anecdote of Adam Smith and, [241];
attitude to Irish Parliamentary Reform, [247–9];
his Irish Commercial Resolutions, [248–66];
speech on introducing the Resolutions, [253];
agitation against them, [255–7];
appoints a Committee of Council for Commerce, [257];
his critical position, [260];
introduces modified Propositions, [260], [261],
which are passed at Westminster, but dropped by the Irish Government, [264];
his courage and magnanimity, [265], [266];
causes of failure, [266];
life at Wimbledon, [267–70], [279];
his shyness and lack of knowledge of men, [272], [274];
a historic romp, [272];
contrasted with Fox, [273], [295];
the real Pitt, [274];
his carelessness in correspondence, [275];
influenced by Dundas, [278], [279];
anecdotes of Dundas and, [279], [289];
his friendship with Addington, [284], [285];
visits to Brighthelmstone, [285];
his friendship with Steele and Rose, [285], [286];
buys Holwood Hill, [286], [287];
his financial difficulties, [287], [288];
death of his sister Harriet, [289], [290];
his connection with Cambridge University, [290], [291];
letter to Wilberforce on his temporary retirement, [291], [292];
his view of religion, [292];
strained relations with Wilberforce, [293];
their friendship revived, [294];
his relations with Bankes, [294];
his lack of geniality, [294].
Foreign policy (1784), [301–5];
his first diplomatic note, [302–4];
his Dutch policy, [305], [309–320], [354–60], [365–74], [377–81];
negotiations for a commercial treaty with France, [327–39], [347];
sends Eden to Paris, [330], [331], [333];
speech on the commercial treaty, [342], [343];
differences with Carmarthen, [357], [358], [360];
understanding with Prussia, [373–5];
triumph of his diplomacy, [380], [381];
alliance with the United Provinces (1788), [383];
alliance with Prussia, [384–90];
drafts the King’s letters to the Prince of Wales, [399], [400];
proposals for settling the Prince’s affairs, [401], [402];
dispute with the East India Company, [403], [404];
result of a debauch, [404];
the Budget of 1788, [404], [405];
the King’s illness, [409–26];
negotiations with the Prince of Wales, [412];
interview with the King, [412], [413];
prepares to resume his practice at the Bar, [413], [425], [430];
arguments on the Regency, [415–17];
his conduct to the Prince defended, [417–20];
his letter to the Prince, [420], [421];
carries his Regency Resolutions, [422];
accusations against him, [424–6];
interview with the King, [427];
confidence of the nation in him, [429], [430];
his share in the founding of Botany Bay, [435], [438–40];
his lack of Imperial imagination, [442], [443];
settles claims of American loyalists, [444], [445];
introduces the Canada Bill (1791), [449];
success of his Canadian policy, [452], [453];
urges Wilberforce to take up the cause of the slaves, [457], [458];
campaign against the Slave Trade, [459–62], [465–72], [474–9];
his relations with Thurlow, [464–6], [472];
disagreement with Wilberforce, [475], [477];
limits of his power, [478];
policy towards Russia and Austria (1787), [488–90];
the situation in the Baltic (1788), [493–5], [497], [501], [502];
personally directs foreign policy, [497], [566], [589], [590], [618];
opposition to Hertzberg’s schemes, [508–10], [516], [517];
the Revolution in Belgium, [511–16], [533–5];
efforts to secure the status quo in Eastern Europe, [519], [520], [522], [523], [525–7], [530];
results of his policy, [535];
his attitude to the French Revolution, [537], [541–3], [548–53], [559];
forbids export of flour to France, [543–5];
contrasted with Burke, [559–61];
the Nootka Sound dispute, [565];
demands satisfaction, [566];
dealings with Miranda, [569];
denies Spanish claims, [569], [570];
subsidizes the Dutch, [572];
refuses arbitration, [574], [575];
on Elliot’s mission to Paris, [579], [580];
presses on naval preparations, [581];
ultimatum to Spain, [582];
Convention signed, [585];
results of his success usually underrated, [587], [588];
defied by Catharine II, [590], [592], [593], [598];
his Polish policy, [594–7], [599];
his desire for peace, [599], [600], [603–7];
ultimatum to Russia, [609], [610];
debates on his policy in Parliament, [610–13], [616];
disagreements in the Cabinet, [616], [618];
correspondence with Ewart, [616], [617];
resolves on compromise, [617], [618];
resignation of Leeds, [618];
his new proposals, [620], [621];
loss of prestige, [621];
failure of his Russian policy, [626], [631].
Place, Francis, [206].
Plymouth, Pitt’s proposals for strengthening the defences of, [203], [209], [211].
Pocket boroughs, [74], [75];
Pitt’s proposals for disfranchising and compensating, [198–203].
Poland, First Partition of, [299], [631];
Galicia to be ceded to, [387];
alliance with Russia, [485], [486];
treaty with Prussia, [505], [521], [522], [593], [594];
Hertzberg’s schemes regarding, [507], [508];
resentment against Prussia, [522], [594];
appeals to England, [522], [594];
offer of British alliance, [595], [596], [599];
proposed compact with the Sultan, [595], [596];
betrayed by Hertzberg, [597];
Second Partition of, [597];
value of her independence to England, [612];
Revolution in (1791), [620], [626], [627];
Prussian jealousy of, [628];
impending misfortunes of, [630], [631].
Poor relief, [15].
Porchester, Lord, attacks Pitt, [611].
Portes, Count de, his “Memoirs,” [372].
Port Jackson, settlement at, [440].
Portland, Duke of, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, [105];
Prime Minister, [111], [127], [128];
opposes Pitt’s Reform proposals, [132];
his negotiations for union with Pitt, [164–6];
mentioned, [173], [228], [257] n., [333], [428], [447].
Portsmouth, Pitt’s proposals for strengthening the defences of, [203], [209], [211].
Portugal, Methuen treaty with, [23];
English relations with, [337], [342].
Postal system, the abuse of franking, [186], [187].
Potemkin, Prince, [480], [481], [486], [491], [505], [524], [525], [527], [530], [590], [591], [622];
his death, [626].
Potocki family, the, in Poland, [486].
Poynings Act, demand for rejection of, [105].
Pratt, Charles. See [Camden, Earl].
Pratt, John Jeffreys, afterwards Marquis Camden, [58], [90], [141], [285].
Press-gang, the, [567].
Pretyman, Dr. (afterwards Bishop Tomline), his “Life of Pitt,” [51] et seq., [117], [152], [235], [284], [288], [411], [418], [584], [622].
Price, Dr. R., on national finance, quoted, [179], [180], [189];
question of Pitt’s indebtedness to him discussed, [190–3];
his sermon in the Old Jewry, [555].
Prussia, question of a British alliance, [312–14], [349], [352], [353], [364], [374], [375], [384];
proposes joint intervention with France at The Hague, [354], [363], [367];
invades Holland, [376], [488], [489];
capture of Amsterdam, [379];
policy in the Near East, [385–7];
the Triple Alliance, [389];
threatens Denmark, [497], [499];
treaty with Poland, [505], [521], [522], [593], [594];
Hertzberg’s policy, [506–10], [513];
desires Belgian independence, [511], [514–16];
anger against England, [516];
treaty with Turkey, [521], [529];
entente with Austria, [523];
reception of British proposals for mediation, [525], [526];
result of the Congress of Reichenbach, [529], [530];
her Polish policy, [594–7], [600], [601];
duplicity of her policy, [601], [606], [607];
jealous of the revival of Poland, [628];
collapse of the British alliance, [629].
See [Frederick the Great] and [Frederick William II].
Puisaye, de, his settlement in Canada, [446], [447].
Pulteney, Daniel, on Pitt’s first Ministry, [158];
on his treatment of Fox, [173];
on the Sinking Fund, [191];
on Pitt’s Reform proposals, [200], [201];
his estimate of Pitt as a statesman, [207];
on Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, [257] n., [259], [271].
Pulteney, William, letter to Pitt on the Hastings affair, [237], [238];
on the Westminster election scrutiny, [271];
suggests arbitration in international affairs, [340];
on the financial position (1788), [405];
scheme for a convict settlement, [438];
deprecates export of flour to France, [543];
opposes the Army Estimates (1790), [550];
on the Convention with Spain, [586].
Putney Heath, Pitt’s house on, [265] n., [269], [270].
Quakers, the, their efforts to abolish slavery, [455], [457], [458].
Quebec Act, the (1774), [447], [448], [450].
Queensberry, Duke of, joins the Prince of Wales’s party, [415], [424].
Quesnay, François, [322].
Radcliffe, William, his power loom, [3];
his description of prosperity in Lancashire quoted, [30].
Ramsay, Rev. James, [457], [458].
Ranelagh, description of, [18], [19];
decline of its popularity, [20].
Rawdon, Lord. See [Moira, Earl of].
Rayneval, Comte de, French diplomatist, [325], [328–30], [334–6], [338].
Redern, Count, Prussian Minister in London, [608], [614].
Redesdale, Lord. See [Mitford, John].
Reichenbach Conference, [528–30];
Convention, [583] n., [589], [591], [592], [597], [614], [620].
Reis Effendi, Turkish Minister, [487].
Reform. See [Parliament].
Reform Associations, County, [21], [27], [68], [71], [169].
Reform, Economic, movement for, [68], [110], [113].
Regency Bill (1765), [410];
(1789) introduced, [423];
withdrawn, [426].
Regency question, the, [410], [413];
debates in Parliament, [415–20];
Pitt’s Resolutions carried, [422];
unreality of the debates, [423], [424];
pamphlets on the subject, [424], [425].
Reims, visit of Pitt to, [137–9].
Renunciation Act, Irish (1783), [245], [246].
Revolution of 1688, [539];
compared with the French Revolution, [554], [555].
Richmond, Duke of, advocates reform, [71], [72], [109];
Master-General of the Ordnance, [111], [112], [114], [116], [157], [546] n.;
opposes Shelburne, [119];
his proposals for fortifying Portsmouth and Plymouth, [211], [212] n.;
Memorandum on alliance with Austria, [319];
on the Dutch crisis, [359];
on the Slave Trade, [461], [477];
on Russian policy, [611], [616].
Rigby, Richard, Master of the Rolls in Ireland, anecdote of, [24].
Robespierre, [322], [348].
Robinson, Morris (afterwards Lord Rokeby), [90].
Robinson, “Perdita,” [393].
Rockingham, Marquis of, official chief of the Whigs, [80];
refuses to unite with Shelburne, [101];
his terms for accepting office, [103];
becomes Prime Minister, [104];
protests against Pitt’s inclusion in the Cabinet, [105];
his death, [110].
Rodney, Lord, his victory over De Grasse, [106].
Rohilla War, the, [225], [232], [238].
Rokeby, Lord. See [Robinson, Morris].
Rolle, Lord, [401], [568].
“Rolliad,” the, [263], [276], [280], [289], [401].
Romilly, Sir Samuel, quoted, [101], [107], [433].
Roode, Count de, his mission to London, [413], [514].
Rose, George, his friendship with Pitt, [139], [286];
Secretary to the Treasury, [157], [194], [259], [285], [286], [406], [407], [578] n., [579].
Rossbach, Battle of, [382].
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, his “Contrat Social,” [2], [7], [26], [61], [322], [323], [537], [539], [540];
on British elections, [27];
story of the peasant and, [538], [539].
Royal Marriage Act (1772), [395].
Russell, Lord John, [466].
Russia, alliance with Austria, [299];
proposals for a British alliance, [315];
war with Turkey, [375], [487], [488], [490], [502], [505], [506], [590], [591];
joined by Austria, [384], [385], [491];
alliance with Poland, [485], [486];
failure of the harvest (1787), [486];
British policy towards her, [489], [605];
war with Sweden, [491], [493], [494], [502];
aided by Denmark, [501], [502];
financial corruption in, [505];
makes peace with Sweden, [532];
state of, in 1790, [591];
British ultimatum to, [609], [610];
successes against the Turks, [625];
peace with Turkey, [626];
alliance with Sweden, [628], [629].
See [Catharine II].
Rutland, Duke of, his friendship with Pitt, [56–8], [74];
Lord Privy Seal, [156];
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, [156], [207], [208], [246], [247], [249–52], [337];
letters of Pitt to, [168], [201], [209], [257], [260], [265], [318].
Ryder, Dudley (afterwards Earl of Harrowby), [267], [269], [270], [586].
Sackville, Viscount (Lord G. Germain), [79], [100];
letter of Pitt to, [155];
declines office, [156].
St. Albans Tavern, negotiations at the, [164], [165].
St. Domingo, risings of slaves in, [467–9].
St. John, Lord, [58], [90].
St. Kitts, ceded to Great Britain, [116], [121].
St. Lucia, ceded to France, [115], [121].
St. Pierre, ceded to France, [116].
St. Priest, Comte de, French agent in Egypt, [327], [355].
St. Vincent, ceded to Great Britain, [116].
Salisbury, Countess of, at Westminster Election, [172].
Salm, Rhinegrave of, [356], [376].
Sandwich, Earl of, [79], [101], [428].
Sawbridge, Alderman, his motions in favour of Reform, [109], [178], [197];
opposes abolition of the Slave Trade, [463].
Saxe, Maréchal de, [307].
Sayer, James, caricature by, [146].
Scheldt, opening of the, [298], [311], [316].
Schliessen, General, [512].
Schönborn, Danish envoy in London, [496].
Scott, Major, agent of Hastings in Parliament, [228], [235], [544].
Scott, John. See [Eldon, Lord].
Schulenberg, Count, [609], [621] n.
Seditious writings, royal proclamation against (1792), [472].
Ségur, Comte de, French War Minister, [373] n., [379];
French Ambassador at St. Petersburg, [484], [485].
Selim III, Sultan of Turkey, [502], [506];
fails to secure a compact with Poland, [595], [596].
Selwyn, George, on Pitt and Fox, [26];
on Pitt’s early speeches, [87], [89];
on “Goostree’s,” [91];
prophecies the ruin of Lord North’s Ministry, [101].
Senegal, ceded to France, [116].
Senegambia, ceded to Great Britain, [121].
Sevastopol, construction of a dockyard and navy at, [304], [481].
Sharp, Granville, [455], [473], [478];
founds the Abolitionist Society, [456], [458];
conference with Pitt, [460].
Sheffield, Lord, [257].
Shelburne, Earl of (afterwards Marquis of Lansdowne), on Economic Reform, [69];
his character, [82], [83];
attack on the Government (1781), [83];
on the King’s skill in intrigue, [99];
proposes to Rockingham to unite their parties, [101];
position of his party, [103];
made intermediary between the King and Rockingham, [104];
Secretary of State, [105];
Prime Minister, [111];
attacked by Fox, [111], [112];
in favour of exchanging Gibraltar, [114];
difficulties of his Ministry, [115];
defeated in the Commons and resigns, [123];
advises the King to make Pitt Prime Minister, [125];
not included in Pitt’s Ministry, [155];
made Marquis of Lansdowne, [155] n.;
his influence on Pitt, [184];
supports Hastings, [228];
in favour of a commercial treaty with France, [325].
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, supports Pitt’s reform proposals, [108];
resigns, [111];
denounces the peace, [120];
made Secretary to the Treasury, [129];
opposes Pitt’s proposal for a Sinking Fund, [192];
his speeches against Hastings, [225], [231], [240];
speech on the Irish Resolutions, [262–4];
espouses the cause of the Prince of Wales, [398], [401];
his conduct on the King’s illness, [408], [409], [417], [418];
assists in drawing up the Prince’s reply to Pitt’s letter, [421];
on the aims of the Prince of Wales, [428], [429];
opposes the Russian War, [613], [624].
Sheridan, Mrs., [421].
Shooting, licences for, [186].
Sierra Leone, settlement of liberated slaves in, [473].
Sinclair, Sir John, [191].
Sinking Fund, Pitt’s proposals for a, [188–95].
Sistova, Congress of, [591], [592], [600], [606], [620], [625].
Slaughter, Colonel, [396].
Slave Trade, the. See [Chap. XX];
English participation in, [9], [21];
the Abolitionist Society founded, [22], [458];
statistics, [456], [463], [474];
Privy Council inquiry, [459], [461], [462], [464], [465];
attitude of France and Spain, [460], [462];
disastrous results of liberating slaves in French colonies, [467], [468];
motions in Parliament (1788), [460–2],
(1789), [462–4],
(1790), [465],
(1791), [466], [467],
(1792), [469–71],
(1793), [472],
(1794), [474],
(1795–7), [475].
Smith, Major-General, M.P., [91], [403], [586].
Smith, Adam, his “Wealth of Nations,” [60], [182], [322], [323], [325];
his influence on Pitt exaggerated, [183], [184];
anecdote of Pitt and, [241];
advocates the Irish Union, [242].
Smith, Robert (“Bob”). See [Carrington, Lord].
Smuggling, prevalence of, [181–3].
South Africa, question of a convict settlement in, [435].
Spain, peace concluded with, [115], [116], [136];
the Nootka Sound dispute, see [Chap. XXV];
claims absolute sovereignty on the north-west coast of America, [565], [573];
her position in 1790, [568];
discontent in Spanish America against, [568], [569];
her claims denied by Great Britain, [569], [570], [572–5];
agrees to give satisfaction, [575];
British ultimatum, [582];
refuses French offer of help, [583];
outrage in the Gulf of Florida, [583];
treaty with Great Britain, [584], [585], [587], [588];
favours the Allies against Russia, [599], [600].
Sparry, Mrs., nurses Pitt at Cambridge, [51].
Spencer, Lord, [428].
Spielmann, Baron, Austrian envoy in Berlin, [528], [529].
Squires, privileges and powers of the, [14–16].
Staël, Mme. de, on Wilberforce’s conversation, [92];
project for her marriage with Pitt, [140], [141].
Stafford, Marquis of, [360], [616].
Stanhope, Earl (Lord Mahon), [109], [148], [154], [155];
his influence on Pitt, [184], [185];
his scheme for a Sinking Fund, [193], [194];
his Reform Bill rejected by the Lords, [206].
Stanhope, 5th Earl, his writings quoted, [85] n., [102], [110], [135] n., [152] n., [279] n., [389] n., [421] n., [587], [613].
Stanhope, Lady Hester, anecdote of, [272].
Stanislaus, King of Poland, [485], [486], [505], [627], [630].
Steele, Thomas, his friendship with Pitt, [91], [285], [286];
Secretary of the Treasury, [157], [267], [268], [612].
Stein, Colonel, [388].
Stephen, James, [473].
Stephenson, George, his steam-engine, [3].
Storer, Anthony Morris, M.P., [85], [585], [611] n., [614].
Stormont, Lord, President of the Council, [129], [132], [427], [428], [611].
Suffrage, universal, opposed by Pitt, [130], [131].
Suvóroff, Count, Russian General, [490], [506], [591].
Sveaborg, Swedish Navy at, [493], [494].
Sweden, compact with France, [301–4];
desires alliance with England, [385], [493];
war with Russia, [491], [493], [502], [530];
alliance with Turkey, [493];
mutiny of officers, [493], [494];
threatened by Denmark, [496], [497];
peace with Russia, [532].
See [Gustavus III].
Sydney, Lord (Thomas Townshend), Home Secretary, [111], [114], [156], [250], [428];
suggests a convict settlement at Botany Bay, [437–41];
his share in the Canada Bill, [449], [452];
resigns, [449], [464], [477], [478];
opposes bill for regulating transport of slaves, [461].
Sydney, foundation of the settlement at, [440], [443].
Talleyrand, Périgord Charles Maurice de, his meeting with Pitt, [139].
Tarleton, Colonel, [469].
Taxes, Board for, instituted by Pitt, [188].
Tea, huge duty on, [182];
increased use of, due to smuggling, [182];
duty on, reduced by Pitt, [184], [185].
Telegul, Lake, [619].
Temesvar, Banat of, [481], [491].
Temple, George Grenville, Earl (afterwards Marquis of Buckingham), Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, [111];
suggested as Prime Minister, [126];
resigns, [129];
sounded by the King, [134];
commends Pitt for declining Thurlow’s overtures, [135];
aids the King to secure rejection of the India Bill, [147], [148];
made Privy Seal, [148];
resigns office, [152];
rupture with Pitt, [153];
made Marquis of Buckingham, [154], [188], [253], [265], [341], [404], [411];
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, [424], [428], [429].
Temple, Richard Grenville, Earl, letter from Pitt to, [47];
letter to Pitt, [66].
Test Act, the, proposed repeal of, [212], [214];
the proposal rejected, [215];
repealed in Ireland, [244], [245].
Thatched House Tavern, [109].
Thellusson, Peter, the banker, [138].
Thorn, Polish district and fortress, question of its cession to Prussia, [387], [507], [511] n., [521] n., [522], [526], [529], [594], [596], [597], [599], [601], [606], [607], [613], [614].
Thornton, Henry, [473].
Thulemeyer, Prussian envoy at The Hague, [354], [364], [365];
recalled, [375].
Thurlow, Lord, Lord Chancellor, [79];
negotiates with Rockingham, [103];
retained as Chancellor, [104];
opposes Reform, [110];
his advice to the King on retirement to Hanover, [127];
his overtures to Pitt on the question of Reform, [134];
advice to the King on the India Bill, [147];
Lord Chancellor in Pitt’s Ministry, [156], [359], [611], [616];
his character, [156], [157];
supports Hastings, [228], [235];
anecdote of, [289];
his treachery on the King’s illness, [408–10];
retraces his steps, [420];
interview with the King, [426];
attitude on the Slavery question, [461], [462], [464], [471], [472], [474];
the King’s partiality to him, [464], [465];
relations with Pitt, [464–6], [472];
dismissed, [472], [478].
Thynne, Henry, made Lord Carteret, [159].
Tierney, George, duel with Pitt, [269].
Tippoo Sahib, [221], [230], [383], [610].
Tobago, ceded to France, [115], [121].
Tomline, Bishop. See [Pretyman, Dr].
Tordesillas, treaty of (1494), [563].
Tott, M., [482].
Toussaint l’Ouverture, [479].
Townshend, John, Lord, letter from Pitt to, [65];
Master of the Ordnance, [79];
defeated at Cambridge, [171].
Townshend, Thomas. See [Sydney, Lord].
Trade, Board of, abolished, [257].
Transportation, offences punished by, [433], [434].
Travancore, Rajah of, [610].
Trincomalee, ceded to Holland, [116], [136];
offered to France, [356], [370].
Triple Alliance, the (1788), [384–9];
defects of, [517];
reality of, [582], [589];
collapse of, [627], [629].
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, [322], [324].
Turkey, schemes of Catharine II with regard to, [304], [353], [481–3];
war with Russia, [375], [384], [385], [487], [490], [502], [505], [590], [591], [620], [621], [625];
Austria declares war on, [491];
alliance with Sweden, [493];
Prussian schemes at her expense, [505–10];
treaty with Prussia, [521], [529];
deserted by Sweden, [532];
peace with Austria, [625];
peace with Russia, [626].
Turner, Dr., at Cambridge, [52].
Tuscany, Grand Duke of, [319] n.
See [Leopold II].
United Empire Loyalists. See [Loyalists].
United Provinces, the, peace concluded with, [115], [116], [136], [306];
feuds between the Patriots and the Stadholder, [305], [306], [349–51], [355], [359–61], [372];
constitution of, [307], [308];
alliance with France, [316], [317], [332];
joint action with the French in East Indies, [317] and n., [356];
excesses of the Free Corps, [351], [355], [361], [362], [369], [371], [372], [374], [376], [380], [382];
invaded by the Prussians, [376];
surrender of Amsterdam, [379];
destruction of French influence in, [379–82];
treaty with England (1788), [383];
joins the Triple Alliance, [389];
subsidized by Pitt, [572];
reluctant to coerce Russia, [602], [606], [610].
United States, the, Shelburne Ministry offer to recognize their independence, [113];
peace concluded, [114];
prohibit the importation of convicts, [434];
treatment of the Loyalists after the war, [444], [446].
Utrecht, Province and City of, [350], [355], [361], [376].
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), [21], [326], [329], [455], [573].
Vancouver Island, [562], [571], [588].
Van der Noot, proposes a Belgian Republic, [512], [519] n.
Van der Spiegel, Grand Pensionary of the United Provinces, [383].
Varennes incident, its effect in Eastern Europe, [625], [626], [628].
Venezuela, [569].
Vérac, Marquis de, French envoy at The Hague, [354], [370];
recalled, [371], [372], [373] n., [376], [379].
Vergennes, Comte de, French Foreign Minister, his American policy, [113], [116];
his hostility to England, [310];
his success in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, [316], [317];
his character and policy, [324];
negotiates the commercial treaty with England, [325], [326], [328–30], [332], [333], [338], [341], [343–5], [347];
deeper schemes, [344], [356], [482];
his death, [345].
Verney, Earl, defeated at the polls, [171].
Versailles, Treaty of (1783), [116], [136], [139], [296], [325], [339], [340], [443].
Vienna, Treaties of, [305].
Voltaire, [322], [323], [539].
Volunteer Movement, [106].
Volunteers, Irish, [244–7].
Vonck, Francis, [512].
Vorontzoff, Count, Russian Ambassador in London, [304] n., [312], [315], [489], [504], [560], [623], [624].
Wales, George, Prince of (afterwards George IV), anecdote of, [24];
his drunken orgies, [25];
his gambling, [26];
question of his allowance settled, [132], [133];
supports Fox in the election of 1784, [173], [393];
his early career, [392], [393];
friendship with Fox, [393], [395];
quarrel with the King, [393–402];
his debts and extravagance, [394], [395], [398], [400], [402], [403] n.;
secret marriage with Mrs. Fitzherbert, [394–401];
reconciliation with the King, [402];
renewed excesses with the Duke of York, [402], [403];
political activity against Pitt, [402–4];
his behaviour on the King’s illness, [407–10], [412];
negotiations with Pitt, [412], [418–20];
answer to Pitt’s letter, [421], [504];
consents to act as Regent, [422];
accessions to his party, [424];
interview with the King on his recovery, [426], [427];
aims of his followers, [428], [429];
his explanations to the King, [430].
Walfisch Bay, [435].
Wallachia, [385], [387], [481], [505], [507], [511], [525], [625].
Walpole, Sir Edward, death of, [159].
Walpole, Horace, on the condition of England, [6], [19], [21], [25], [27];
praises Pitt’s early speeches, [87], [88], [101];
on Lord Montagu, [104];
on Pitt’s proposal for Reform, [130] and n.;
on the English character, [142];
on Pitt’s character, [147], [275];
on the elections of 1784, [171];
quoted, [133], [141], [169].
Walpole, Sir Robert, his plan for a Sinking Fund, [188], [189].
Warren, Dr., physician to the King, [410], [415], [420], [421], [426].
Warsaw, Treaty of (1790), [521].
Watson, Alderman, [586].
Watson, Bishop, his “Reminiscences,” [215].
Watt, James, his inventions, [2], [3], [28], [30], [31].
Wedderburn, Alexander. See [Loughborough, Lord].
Wedgwood, Josiah, head of the “Great Chamber of Manufacturers,” [257], [259], [333].
Welzie’s Club, [403].
Werela, Peace of (1790), [532].
Wesley, John, [455];
his “Thoughts upon Slavery,” [456].
Wesleyan Revival, the, [322].
Westcote, Lord, [88].
West India merchants, oppose Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, [255], [260].
West Indies, the, gains and losses in, at the Peace of Versailles, [115], [116], [121];
slavery in, [454], [457], [459], [465–7], [477];
risings of slaves in, [467–9];
losses of troops in the war in, [479].
Westminster Election of 1784, [172], [173];
the scrutiny, [254], [257] n., [259], [271], [272].
Westmorland, Earl of, [58];
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, [265].
Whigs, the, two groups in 1780, [80–2].
Whitbread, Samuel, [474], [613], [614].
Whitworth, Charles, Earl, British Ambassador at St. Petersburg, [598], [599], [606], [609], [623], [624].
Widdin, the Pacha of, [506].
Wilberforce, William, [22];
on Lady Chatham, [38];
his friendship with Pitt, [58];
praises his oratory, [87];
his character, [91–3];
goes with Pitt to France, [137];
elected member for York, [170];
speaks in favour of Reform, [201], [206];
Pitt’s letters to, quoted, [188], [201], [286], [287], [291], [292];
supports Pitt’s attitude in the Hastings affair, [230], [231], [237];
Pitt with him at Wimbledon, [267–9], [279];
letter to Pitt on the Irish Propositions, [282], [283];
his religious convictions and temporary retirement, [291], [292];
devotes himself to the cause of the slaves, [455], [457], [458];
joins the Abolitionist Society, [458];
his illness, [460];
campaign against the Slave Trade, [462], [465–8], [471–8];
disagreement with Pitt, [457], [477];
his Diary quoted, [130], [138], [139], [154], [267], [269], [274], [559];
mentioned, [208], [322], [544].
Wilbraham, R., his speech in defence of Hastings, [232].
Wilkes affair, the, [10], [26], [167].
Wilkes, John, welcomes Pitt to the City, [167].
William, Prince, his return from the West Indies, [549].
William V, Prince of Orange, Stadholder of the United Provinces, [306], [308], [309], [350], [351], [355], [359–61], [371], [382], [383].
Willis, Rev. Dr. Francis, his reports on the King’s illness, [414], [415], [420], [421], [426].
Wilson, Rev. Edward, Pitt’s tutor, [41], [42], [49], [51], [53].
Wimbledon, Lauriston House, [267–70].
Windham, William, [86], [91];
favours the settlement of French royalists in Canada, [447];
opposes abolition of slavery, [477];
on the Nootka Sound dispute, [586].
Window tax, the (1784), [184], [185].
Woodfall, Henry, [264].
Wordsworth, William, his lines on Cambridge quoted, [56];
his tour in France, [555].
Woronzow, Count. See [Vorontzoff].
Wraxall, Sir Nathaniel, quoted, [82], [100], [145], [156], [163], [171], [201], [211], [214], [232], [234], [236], [262], [271], [272], [273], [276], [333], [404], [462], [624].
Wray, Sir Cecil, [109], [121] n.;
defeated at Westminster, [172], [173].
Wyvill, Rev. Christopher, [169], [199], [201], [205], [429];
Pitt’s letter to him on Reform, [197], [198].
Yonge, Sir George, Secretary at War, [157], [158].
York, the election at (1784), [169], [170].
York, Frederick, Duke of, [312], [396];
his home-coming, [402];
excesses with the Prince of Wales, [402], [403], [406], [407], [427];
speech on the Regency question, [419], [420];
interview with the King, [426], [427];
negotiations for his marriage, [629], [630].
Yorke, Charles, [290].
Yorktown, surrender of Cornwallis at, [100], [101].
Young, Arthur, his praise of English landowners, [32];
on the use of tea, [182];
his “Travels in France,” quoted, [346], [538], [541].
Young, Admiral Sir George, his scheme for colonizing Botany Bay, [436–9], [441].
Young, Sir William, epigram on Burke, [416].
Zealand, Province of, [350], [368].

CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.
TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations.

Footnotes, originally at the bottoms of the pages that referenced them, have been collected, sequentially renumbered, and placed just before the Index.