[635] Vide Bartholmèss, i. pp. 257, 259. Descartes, like Galilei, was careful not to prejudice himself in the eyes of the Church. For Gassendi, v. Gentzken, Hist. Phil., p. 154.
[636] Exercitationes paradoxicae adversus Aristoteleos.
[637] Cf. Brunnhofer, p. xix: “The longer I consider the question, the more probable it appears to me that Spinoza would have been impossible, historically, if Bruno had had time to develop the rich fulness of his ideas in a systematic form.” Cf. p. 81, where, however, he lays too much stress on verbal analogies between Bruno’s Summa and the Ethica of Spinoza.
[638] Spinoza’s Neuentdeckter Tractat von Gott, dem Menschen, und dessen Glückseligkeit, Gotha, 1866, and his translation of this, Kurzer Tractat, with introduction and notes. Tübingen, 1870.
[639] Die Beiden Ersten Phasen des Spinozischen Pantheismus. Leipzig, 1868.
[640] Moritz Carrière, Weltanschauung der Reformationszeit, p. 470.
[641] Cf. Tocco, Conferenza, p. 15; Sigwart, Neuentdeckter Tractat, pp. 110–113.
[642] E.g. Bruno’s Acrot. (Op. Lat. i. 1, 108).
[643] Short Tractate, ch. i. § 9, and Bruno’s Causa, Dial. v. Sigwart, Neuent. Tract., pp. 115, 116.
[644] “Il desio di conservarsi” of Bruno. Pollock (Spinoza, p. 109) refers to Descartes, Prin. Phil. 2, chs. 37 and 43, and Spinoza’s Cog. Met. (pt. i. ch. 6, § 9), where the “effort” is “the thing itself,” whereas in the essay it is providence, i.e. God. Cf. part i., ch. 5, with Ethica, iii. 6 and 7.