[30] Van Vloten, p. 70 and passim. [↑]

[31] Prof. Guyard, as cited, pp. 16, 51; C. E. Oelsner, Des effets de la religion de Mohammed, etc., 1810, p. 130. [↑]

[32] Guyard, p. 21; Palmer, Haroun Alraschid, introd. p. 19. [↑]

[33] The alleged destruction of the library of Alexandria by Omar is probably a myth, arising out of a story of Omar’s causing some Persian books to be thrown into the water. See Prof. Bury’s notes in his ed. of Gibbon, v, 452–54. Cp. Oelsner, as cited, pp. 142–43. [↑]

[34] Sura, vi, 25, 29; xix, 67; xxvii, 68–70; liv, 2; lxxxiii, 10–13. According to lviii, 28, however, some polytheists denied the future state. [↑]

[35] Cp. Renan, Études d’histoire et de critique, pp. 232–34. [↑]

[36] Renan, as cited, p. 232. [↑]

[37] Id. p. 235. Renan and Sprenger conflict on this point, the former having regard, apparently, to the bulk of the poetry, the latter to parts of it. [↑]

[38] Sedillot, p. 39. One of these was Zaid. Nicholson, p. 149. [↑]

[39] See the passage (Sura ii) cited with praise by the sympathetic Mr. Bosworth Smith in his Mohammed and Mohammedanism, 2nd ed. p. 181; where also delighted praise is given to the “description of Infidelity” in Sura xxiv, 39–40. The “infidels” in question were simply non-Moslems. [↑]