[58] Neander, vi, 219, citing Mabillon, Analecta, i, 207. [↑]
[59] Compare the Gemma Ecclesiastica of Giraldus Cambrensis for an inside view of the avarice of the clergy in his day. [↑]
[60] Neander, Hist. of the Chr. Church, v, 187. See the whole section for a good account of the general economic and moral evolution. Neander repeatedly (pp. 186–87) insists on the “magical” element in the doctrine of the mass, as established by Gregory the Great. [↑]
[61] See Neander, as cited, v, 183. The point was well put some centuries later by the Italian story-teller Masuccio, an orthodox Catholic but a vehement anti-clericalist, in a generalization concerning the monks: “The best punishment for them would be for God to abolish Purgatory; they would then receive no more alms, and would be forced to go back to their spades.” Cited by Burckhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, Eng. tr. 1892, p. 461. [↑]
[62] Neander, vi, 182. Rabanus Maurus distinctly belied him on this score. (Id. p. 183.) [↑]
[63] Formerly, only the saved had been spoken of as prædestinati, the reprobate being called præsciti. Neander, vi, 181. [↑]
[64] Neander, vi, 187. Cp. Hampden, Bampton Lectures on The Scholastic Philosophy, 3rd ed. p. 418; and Ampère, Histoire littéraire de France, 1840, iii, 92. [↑]