[77] The Pope and the Council, pp. 249–61. It was another Spina who wrote on the other side. [↑]
[78] F. Fiorentino, Pietro Pomponazzi, 1868, p. 30. [↑]
[79] Owen, pp. 197–98; Renan, Averroès, pp. 353–62; Christie, as cited, p. 133. [↑]
[80] Cp. Owen, pp. 201, 218; Lange, i, 183–87 (tr. i, 220–25). He, however, granted that the mass of mankind, “brutish and materialized,” needed the belief in heaven and hell to moralize them (Christie, pp. 140–41). [↑]
[81] This principle, though deriving from Averroïsm, and condemned, as we have seen, by Pope John XXI, had been affirmed by so high an orthodox authority as Albertus Magnus. Cp. Owen, pp. 211–12, note. While thus officially recognized, it was of course denounced by the devout when they saw how it availed to save heretics from harm. Mr. Owen has well pointed out (p. 238) the inconsistency of the believers who maintain that faith is independent of reason, and yet denounce as blasphemous the profession to believe by faith what is not intelligible by philosophy. [↑]
[82] Owen, pp. 209, note. “Son école est une école de laïques. de médecins, d’esprits forts, de libres penseurs” (Bouillier, Hist. de la philos. cartèsienne, 1854, i, 3). [↑]
[83] Owen. p. 210; Christie, p. 151. [↑]