[694] Crichton and Wheaton, ii, 104.
[695] Id. ii, 321-22.
[696] Laing in 1839 (Tour in Sweden, p. 13) thought the Danes as backward as they had been in 1660, quoting the ambassador Molesworth as to the effect of Lutheran Protestantism in destroying Danish liberties (pp. 10, 11). But it is hard to see that there were any popular liberties to destroy, save in so far as the party which set up the Reformation undid the popular laws of Christian II. The greatest social reforms in Denmark are certainly the work of the last half-century.
[697] It will be remembered that the Marquis of Pombal, in Portugal, at the same period, was similarly overthrown after a much longer and non-scandalous reformatory rule, the queen being his enemy.
[698] His particulars were gathered during a tour he made in 1799. Thus the Norse practice he notes had been independent of any effect produced by his own essay.
[699] Essay on the Principle of Population, 7th ed. pp. 126, 133.
[700] This was doubtless owing to the loss of Finland (1742), a circumstance not considered by Malthus.
[701] Malthus (p. 141) gives higher and clearly erroneous figures for both periods, and contradicts them later (p. 143) with figures which he erroneously applies to Sweden and Finland. He seems to have introduced the latter words in the wrong passage.
[702] Id. p. 141.
[703] See p. 131 as to the restrictions on subdivision of farms by way of safeguarding the forests.