Govett (Frank), author of the Pains of Life, 1889, a pessimistic reply to Sir J. Lubbock’s Pleasures of Life. Mr. Govett rejects the consolations of religion.
Guimet (Etienne Emile), French traveller, musician, anthropologist and philanthropist, b. Lyons, 2 June, 1836, the son of the inventor of ultramarine, whose business he continued. He has visited most parts of the world and formed a collection of objects illustrating religions. These he formed into a museum in his native town, where he also founded a library and a school for Oriental languages. This fine museum which cost several million francs, he presented to his country, and it is now at Paris, where M. Guimet acts as curator. In 1880 he began publishing Annales du Musée Guimet, in which original articles appear on Oriental Religions. He has also written many works upon his travels. He attended the banquet in connection with the International Congress of Freethinkers at Paris, 1889.
Guynemer (A. M. A. de), French author of a dictionary of astronomy, 1852, and an anonymous unbelievers’ dictionary, ’69, in which many points of theology are discussed in alphabetical order.
Hamerling (Robert), German poet, b. Kirchberg am Wald, 24 March, 1830. Author of many fine poems, of which we mention Ahasuerus in Rome ’66. The King of Sion; Danton and Robespierre a tragedy. He translated Leopardis’ poems ’86. Died at Gratz, 13 July, 1889.
Heyse (Paul Johann Ludwig), German poet and novelist, b. Berlin, 15 March, 1830. Educated at the University, after travelling to Switzerland and Italy he settled at Munich in ’54. Has produced many popular plays and romances, of which we specially mention The Children of the World, ’73, a novel describing social and religious life of Germany at the present day, and In Paradise, 1875.
Hicks (L. E.) American geologist, author of A Critique of Design Arguments. Boston, 1883.
Hitchman (William), English physician, b. Northleach, Gloucestershire, 1819, became M.R.C.S. in ’41, M.D. at Erlangen, Bavaria. He established Freelight, and wrote a pamphlet, Fifty Years of Freethought. Died 1888.
Hoeffding (Harald), Dr., Professor of Philosophy at the University of Copenhagen, b. Copenhagen, 1843. Has been professor since ’83. Is absolutely free in his opinion and has published works on the newer philosophy in Germany, ’72, and in England, ’74. In the latter work special attention is devoted to the works of Mill and Spencer. German editions have been published of his works Grundlage der humanen Ethik (Basis of Human Ethics ’80), Psychologie im Umriss (Outlines of Psychology ’87), and Ethik 1888.
Holst (Nils Olaf), Swedish geologist, b. 1846. Chairman of the Swedish Society for Religious Liberty.
Ignell (Nils), Swedish rationalist, b. 12 July, 1806. Brought up as a priest, his free views gave great offence. He translated Renan’s Life of Jesus, and did much to arouse opposition to orthodox Christianity. Died at Stockholm, 3 June, 1864.