Booms (Marinus Adriaansz), Dutch Spinozist, a shoemaker by trade, who wrote early in the eighteenth century, and on 1 Jan. 1714, was banished.
Bonnot de Condillac (Etienne) see [Condillac].
Bonstetten (Karl Victor von), Swiss Deist, b. Berne, 3 Sept 1745. Acquainted with Voltaire and Rousseau he went to Leyden and England to finish his education. Among his works are Researches on the Nature and Laws of the Imagination, 1807; and Studies on Man, 1821. Died Geneva, 3 Feb. 1832.
Borde (Frédéric), editor of La Philosophie de l’Avenir, Paris, 1875, etc. Born La Rochelle 1841. Has written on Liberty of Instruction, etc.
Born (Ignaz von) baron, b. Carlsruhe, 26 Dec. 1742. Bred by the Jesuits, he became an ardent scientist and a favorite of the Empress Marie Theresa, under whose patronage he published works on Mineralogy. He was active as a Freemason, and Illuminati, and published with the name Joannes Physiophilus a stinging illustrated satire entitled Monchalogia, or the natural history of monks.
Bosc (Louis Augustin Guillaume), French naturalist, b. Paris, 29 Jan. 1759; was tutor and friend to Madame Roland whose Memoirs he published. He wrote many works on natural history. Died 10 July, 1828.
Boucher (E. Martin), French writer, b. Beaulieu, 1809; contributed to the Rationalist of Geneva, where he died 1882. Author of a work on Revelation and Rationalism, entitled Search for the Truth, Avignon, 1884.
Bougainville (Louis Antoine de) Count, the first French voyager who made the tour around the world; b. Paris, 11 Nov. 1729. Died 31 Aug. 1811. He wrote an interesting account of his travels.
Bouillier (Francisque), French philosopher, b. Lyons 12 July 1813, has written several works on psychology, and contributed to la Liberté de Penser. His principal work is a History of the Cartesian Philosophy. He is a member of the Institute and writes in the leading reviews.
Bouis (Casimir), French journalist, b. Toulon 1848, edited La Libre Pensée and wrote a satire on the Jesuits entitled Calottes et Soutanes, 1870. Sent to New Caledonia for his participation in the Commune, he has since his return published a volume of political verses entitled Après le Naufrage, After the Shipwreck, 1880.