Dinter (Gustav Friedrich), German educationalist, b. Borna, near Leipsic, 29 Feb. 1760. His Bible for Schoolmasters is his best-known work. It sought to give rational notes and explanations of the Jew books, and excited much controversy. Died at Konigsberg, 29 May, 1831.
Dippel (Johann Konrad), German alchemist and physician, b. 10 Aug. 1672, at Frankenstein, near Darmstadt. His Papismus vapulans Protestantium (1698) drew on him the wrath of the theologians of Giessen, and he had to flee for his life. Attempting to find out the philosopher’s stone, he discovered Prussian blue. In 1705 he published his satires against the Protestant Church, Hirt und eine Heerde, under the name of Christianus Democritos. He denied the inspiration of the Bible, and after an adventurous life in many countries died 25 April, 1734.
Dobrolyubov (Nikolai Aleksandrovich), Russian author, b. 1836, at Nijni Novgorod, the son of a priest. Educated at St. Petersburg, he became a radical journalist. His works were edited in four vols. by Chernuishevsky. Died 17 Nov. 1861.
Dodel-Port (Prof. Arnold), Swiss scientist, b. Affeltrangen, Thurgau, 16 Oct. 1843. Educated at Kreuzlingen, he became in ’63 teacher in the Oberschule in Hauptweil; then studied from ’64–’69 at Geneva, Zürich, and Munich, becoming privat docent in the University of Zürich, ’70. In ’75 he published The New History of Creation. In ’78 he issued his world-famous Botanical Atlas, and was in ’80 made Professor of Botany in the Zürich University and Director of the Botanical Laboratory. He has also written Biological Fragments (1885), the Life and Letters of Konrad Deubler, “the peasant philosopher” (1886), and has just published Moses or Darwin? a School Question, 1889. Dr. Dodel-Port is an hon. member of the London Royal Society and Vice-President of the German Freethinkers’ Union.
Dodwell (Henry), eldest son of the theologian of that name, was b. Shottesbrooke, Berkshire, about the beginning of the eighteenth century. He was educated at Magdalen Hall, when he proceeded B.A., 9 Feb. 1726. In ’42 he published a pamphlet entitled Christianity not Founded on Argument, which in a tone of grave irony contends that Christianity can only be accepted by faith. He was brought up to the law and was a zealous friend of the Society for the Promotion of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. Died 1784.
Doebereiner (Johann Wolfgang), German chemist, b. Bavaria, 15 Dec. 1780. In 1810 he became Professor of Chemistry at Jena, where he added much to science. Died 24 March, 1849. He was friend and instructor to Goethe.
Dolet (Etienne), a learned French humanist, b. Orleans 3 Aug. 1509. He studied in Paris, Padua and Venice. For his heresy he had to fly from Toulouse and lived for some time at Lyons, where he established a printing-press and published some of his works, for which he was imprisoned. He was acquainted with Rabelais, Des Periers, and other advanced men of the time. In 1543 the Parliament condemned his books to be burnt, and in the next year he was arrested on a charge of Atheism. After being kept two years in prison he was strangled and burnt, 3 Aug. 1546. It is related that seeing the sorrow of the crowd, he said: “Non dolet ipe Dolet, sed pia turba dolet.”—Dolet grieves not, but the generous crowd grieves. His goods being confiscated, his widow and children were left to beggary. “The French language,” says A. F. Didot, “owes him much for his treatises, translations, and poesies.” Dolet’s biographer, M. Joseph Boulmier, calls him “le Christ de la pensée libre.” Philosophy has alone the right, says Henri Martin, to claim Dolet on its side. His English biographer, R. C. Christie, says he was “neither a Catholic nor a Protestant.”
Dominicis (Saverio Fausto de), Italian Positivist philosopher, b. Buonalbergo, 1846. Is Professor of Philosophy at Bari, and has written on Education and Darwinism.
Dondorf (Dr. A.), See [Anderson (Marie)] in Supplement.
Doray de Longrais (Jean Paul), French man of letters. b. Manvieux, 1736. Author of a Freethought romance, Faustin, or the Philosophical Age. Died at Paris, 1800.