Isnard (Maximin), Girondin revolutionist, b. Grasse 16 Feb. 1751. He was made a member of the Assembly, in which he declared, “The Law, behold my God. I know no other.” He voted for the death of the King, and was nominated president of the Convention. On the fall of the Girondins he made his escape, and reappeared after the fall of Robespierre. In 1796 he was one of the Council of Five Hundred. Died 1830.
Isoard (Eric Michel Antoine), French writer, b. Paris, 1826. Was naval officer in ’48 but arrested as socialist in ’49. In ’70 he was made sous-prefet of Cambrai and wrote Guerre aux Jésuites.
Isoard Delisle (Jean Baptiste Claude), called also Delisle de Sales, French man of letters, b. Lyons 1743. When young he entered the Congregation of the Oratory, but left theology for literature. In 1769 he published the Philosophy of Nature, which in 1771 was discovered to be irreligious, and he was condemned to perpetual banishment. While in prison he was visited by many of the philosophers, and a subscription was opened for him, to which Voltaire gave five hundred francs. He went to the court of Frederick the Great, and subsequently published many works of little importance. Died at Paris 22 Sept. 1816.
Jacob (Andre Alexandre). See [Erdan (A.)]
Jacobson (Augustus), American, author of Why I do not Believe, Chicago 1881, and The Bible Inquirer.
“Jacobus (Dom)” Pseudonym of [Potvin (Charles)] q.v.
Jacoby (Leopold) German author of The Idea of Development. 2 vols. Berlin 1874–76.
Jacolliot (Louis), French orientalist, b. Saint Etienne, 1806. Brought up to the law, in ’43 he was made judge at Pondichery. He first aroused attention by his work, The Bible in India, ’70. He also has written on Genesis of Humanity, ’76. The Religions Legislators, Moses, Manu and Muhammad, ’80, and The Natural and Social History of Humanity, ’84, and several works of travel.
Jantet (Charles and Hector), two doctors of Lyons, b. the first in 1826, the second in ’28, have published together able Aperçus Philosophiques on Rènan’s Life of Jesus, ’64, and Doctrine Medicale Matérialiste, 1866.
Jaucourt (Louis de), Chevalier, French scholar and member of the Royal Society of London and of the academies of Berlin and Stockholm, b. Paris 27 Sept. 1704. He studied at Geneva, Cambridge, and Leyden, furnished the Encyclopédie with many articles, and conducted the Bibliothèque Raisonnée. Died at Compiègne, 3 Feb. 1779.