Powers of the President during crises

by J. Malcolm Smith; Cornelius P. Cotter

[809] Government Brief, “The Findings of the District Court,” pp. 23-26; 71-81.

[810] Govt’s brief, p. 26.

[811] See Anthony Lewis “Supreme Court Agrees to Rule in Steel Dispute,” New York Times, Tuesday, October 30, 1959, p. 1, col. 3.

[812] United Steelworkers of America v. U.S., 361 U.S. 39 (1959).

INDEX

• A-bomb, [4]
• Abaca, [91]
• Abaca Production Act, [50-51]
• Abrams v. United States, [175]
• Acquisition programs, [47-54]
• Administrative action, [106-109]
• Administrative activity, reporting, [98-100]
• Advisory Committee on Weather Control, [86-78]
• Aeronautics, [124]
• Agencies, [73-74], [110-124]
• Agents, foreign, [74-75], [81-82], [85], [117]
• Agricultural Adjustment Act, [87]
• Agriculture, [16-17], [20-21]
• Air Force, [33]
• Air transportation, [68]
• Aircraft, [122]
• Aircraft research, [86]
• Alaska, [38], [90]
• Alien Registration Act, [40], [76], [83], [105-106]
• Aliens, [119-120];
• deportation of, [76], [98];
• detention, [33-34];
• employment, [28];
• exempt from classification, [116];
• registration of, [38-39];
• restrictions, [34-35];
• subversive, [42-43]
• American Communications Association v. Douds, [172]
• American National Red Cross, [33]
• Anti-aircraft material, [51]
• Antitrust laws, [77]
• Armed Services Procurement Act, [75]
• Arms, embargoing of, [56]
• Army Air Corps, [30]
• Army and Navy Munitions Board, [47]
• Army officers, [45], [99-100], [115]
• Army Reserve, [30]
• Appropriations Act, and strategic materials, [47]
• Association, freedom of, [42-46]
• Atomic Energy Act, [57], [59], [124]
• Atomic Energy Commission, [57], [59], [97-98]
• Atomic secrets, [97]
• Audits, [87-92] passim
• Authority, and liberty, [1]
• Aviation, [88]
• Bank Conservation Act, [16], [76], [85]
• Bank holiday of 1933, [15-16]
• Beef import, [21]
• Belligerents, trade with, [108]
• Bidding during emergency, [79]
• Biggs, John, [142]
• Bituminous Coal Act, [46]
• Black, Hugo, [6];
• on martial law, [128];
• on steel seizure cases, [137-138]
• Board of Economic Warfare, [57]
• Boston, maritime control area, [38]
• Bowles v. Willingham, [175]
• Brannan v. Stark, [175]
• British Statutory Instrument Act, [102]
• Butler Bill, [43]
• C.I.O., and United Steelworkers, [134]
• Censorship, [82-84]
• Central Intelligence Agency, [92]
• Central Intelligence Agency Act, [15], [79], [119-120]
• Chaco resolution, [56]
• Chaco War, [114]
• Chase, Salmon P., [128]
• Citizenship, by aliens, [34-36]
• Civil Aeronautics Act, [36], [46], [114]
• Civil Air patrol, [33], [122]
• Civil defense, [23-24]
• Civil Rights Act, 1957, [89-90]
• Civilian Conservation Corps, [28], [58], [68]
• Civilian labor force, [27-29]
• Clark, Thomas C., on steel seizure cases, [139]
• “Clear and present danger”, [130-132] passim
• Coast-defense materials, [51]
• Coast Guard Reserve, [32]
• Codfish, [20-21]
• “Cold-War”, [32]
• Collective bargaining, [62]
• Columbia River, maritime control area, [38]
• Commerce:
• foreign, [68];
• interstate, [68]
• Commission on Civil Rights, [89]
• Commodity Credit Corporation, [47]
• Common carriers, [67-72]
• Communications:
• definition, [111-112];
• freedom of, [73-92] passim;
• policy-making, [101];
• radio, [68];
• wire, [68]
• Communications Act, [21], [24], [46], [68], [77], [104]
• Communist Control Act, [41], [42]
• Communist Organization Registration Act, [84]
• Communists, [36], [41-43];
• registration, [82]
• Communist Party, [41], [43]
• Compulsory Testimony Act, [46]
• Concurrent resolution, [102-103], [144], [145];
• administrative action and, [106-109];
• delegatory legislation and, [103-106]
• Congress, reporting to, [93-98]
• Conscription, World War II, [26-27]
• Conscription Act, [31]
• Conservation, [58-59]
• “Constitutional dictatorship”, [5], [9], [10-11]
• Constitutional Power and World Affairs, [129]
• Constitutionalism, [12]
• Construction, [63]
• Consumers, [64]
• Contract Settlement Act, 1944, [123]
• Contracts, [59-60]
• Contractors’ reports, [85-86]
• Controls, [53-54], [78-80]
• Coordinator of Transportation, [67]
• Corporations, [88]
• Corwin, Edward S., [125]
• Cost of living index, [87]
• Credit, [64-65], [115]
• Cristobal (Panama Canal Zone), maritime control area, [38]
• Critical materials, [99]
• Dairy products, [20]
• Davis, David, [127]
• Daylight Savings Act, [107]
• Decision-making, [112-124]
• Defense Appropriations Act, [97]
• Defense Cataloging and Standardization Act, [96]
• Defense Housing and Community Facilities and Services Act, [75]
• Defense Production Act (1940), [42]
• Defense Production Act (1950), [28], [45], [48], [52], [53], [59], [60], [61], [64], [66], [74], [97], [115], [116], [121]
• Defense Supply Management Agency, [96]
• Dennis v. United States, [132], [172]
• Depression, [15-18]
• “Dictator”, meaning of term, [11-12]
• Dictatorship doctrine, [5]
• Director of Mutual Security, [48]
• District of Columbia Appropriation Act, [42]
• Domestic Minerals Program Extension Act, [48], [75]
• Duncan v. Kahanamoku, [128], [171]
• Economic Co-operation Act, [96]
• Economic Co-operation Administration, [121]
• Economy Act, [87]
• Eisenhower, Dwight D.:
• and 1959 steel strike, [139-143];
• defense appropriations, [93-94];
• writ of habeas corpus suspended, [4]
• Electric power, [49]
• Elements of Political Economy, [7]
• Emergencies, [14-25];
• definition and nature, [14];
• Democratic concept, [4-13];
• economic, [15-21];
• intensity of, [14], [15];
• natural catastrophes, [21-22];
• varieties of, [14], [15-24]
• Emergency Appropriation Act, [21]
• Emergency Detention Act, 1950, [24], [25]
• Emergency government, and the judiciary, [133-134]
• Emergency powers, [4-13];
• executive branch and, [1-3];
• extra-constitutional sources, [128-130];
• Friedrich on, [9-10];
• legislative restraints on, [93-109];
• of the Government, [135];
• of the President, [148];
• over persons, [26-46];
• Supreme Court and, [125-126]
• Emergency Powers Continuation Act, [69]
• Emergency Powers Interim Continuation Act, [98]
• Emergency Price Control Act, [2], [18-19], [46], [54], [66], [76], [80-81], [121]
• Emergency Railroad Transportation Act, [19], [67], [76-77], [112-113]
• Eminent domain, [49-54] passim
• Employees of government:
• national security and, [45-46];
• restrictions on, [44];
• suspension of, [95];
• termination for security reasons, [116-117]
• Employment Act, [88]
• Enterprise, private, [75]
• Espionage, [34], [43]
• Espionage Act, [130]
• Exchange control, [65]
• Executive action, [104], [107-108]
• Executive branch, [1-3]
• Ex parte Endo, [173]
• Ex parte Merryman, [172]
• Ex parte Milligan, [127], [147]
• Expatriation Act, [36]
• Explosives, [12]
• Exports:
• licenses, [100];
• policy, post-World War II era, [58];
• restrictions on, [56-58]
• Export Control Act, [57], [58], [65], [81], [83], [118]
• Fair Labor Standards Act, [46]
• Famine, [21-22]
• Far Eastern Economic Assistance Act, [121]
• Farmers, [60], [120]
• Federal Aid Highway Act, [107]
• Federal Civil Defense Act, [23-24], [104-105]
• Federal Civil Defense Agency, [49], [75], [88]
• Federal Communications Commission, [68], [101]
• Federal Defense Act, [75]
• Federal Emergency Relief Act, [16], [99]
• Federal Emergency Relief Administrator, [99]
• Federal Reserve Board, [64]
• Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, [44]
• Federal Power Act, [46]
• Federal Power Commission, [101]
• Federal Trade Commission Act, [77]
• Fibers, Philippine, [116]
• First Decontrol Act, [25], [59]
• First War Powers Act, [23], [65], [79]
• Five-cent pieces, [58]
• Fleet Reserve, [30]
• Flood-control, [21], [120]
• Food to India, [122]
• Foreign Agents Registration Act, [74], [81], [85], [112];
• amendment, [40-41], [81], [85], [117]
• France, commerce with U.S., [137]
• Frankfurter, Felix, [135]
• Friedrich, Carl J., [9-10], [96]
• Fruit fly, [91]
• Fuels, [48], [50], [53]
• General Motors, [61]
• General Staff Corps, [29]
• German-American Bund, [43]
• Gitlow v. New York, [132], [175]
• Gold Reserve Act, [17]
• Goods and materials, control of, [55-59]
• Government, [1], [47-54]
• Grasshoppers, [99]
• Guayule, [49-50]
• Guided missiles, [98]
• Gulf of Panama, maritime control area, [38]
• H-bomb, [4]
• Habeas corpus, writ of, [4]
• Hand, Learned, [132]
• Hawaiian Maritime Control Area, [37]
• Helium, [49], [100]
• Helium Gas Conservation Act, [49], [122]
• Highway construction, [107-108]
• Hirabayashi v. U.S., [175]
• Hoarding, [74]
• Holmes, Oliver Wendell on Schenck case, [130-131];
• on U.S. intervention in Russia case, [131-132]
• Holtzoff, Alexander, [134]
• Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell, [175]
• Hostilities of War, [24]
• Hours, working, [27], [62]
• House Concurrent Resolution, [108], [155]
• Housing, [19-20], [75], [88]
• Housing and Rent Act (1948), [88]
• Housing and Rent Act (1949), [20]
• Housing and Rent Act, [77]
• Hughes, Charles Evans, [132]
• I.C.C., [69]
• Immigration and Nationality Act, [97], [120], [123]
• Immigration and naturalization, [105-106], [120]
• Immigration and Naturalization Committee of the House, [98]
• Imports, [114]
• Independent Offices Appropriation Act, [79]
• India Emergency Food Aid Act, [21], [115], [121]
• Industrial Alcohol Act, [46]
• Industrial plants, [52]
• Industries, seizure of, [14];
• 1940, [54]
• Inflation, [18-19]
• Information, [73-87], [91-92]
• Intelligence, agency network formed, [92]
• Interagency relationships, [110-124]
• Interior Department Appropriation Act, [23]
• Internal Security Act, [34-43] passim, [82]
• International powers of states, [147]
• Interstate commerce, [87]
• Interstate Commerce Act, [46]
• Interstate Commerce Commission, [69]
• Invention Secrecy Act, [80]
• Inventions, patents for, [80]
• Inventories, [87-92] passim
• Investigations, [87-92] passim
• Investment Advisers Act, [46]
• Investment Company Act, [46]
• Jackson, Robert H., on Japanese relocation case, [129-130];
• on emergency powers, [136];
• on steel seizure cases, [138-139]
• Japanese Americans, [34-37]
• Japanese Claims Act, [99]
• Japanese Evacuation Claims Act, [77], [99]
• Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, [97], [145]
• Joint Committee on Foreign Economic Co-operation, [96-97]
• Joint Committee on Organization of Congress, [89]
• Joint Resolution, [102], [103]
• Judicial review, [125-143]
• Judiciary, emergency control, [133-134]
• Korea, [31], [121]
• Korematsu v. U.S., [129-130], [132], [133], [147], [173]
• Labor, convict, [62]
• Labor-Management Relations Act, [14-15], [19], [28], [44], [63], [75], [101], [140], [142]
• Labor relations control, [61-63]
• Land acquisition, [48-49]
• Lead, duties on, [118]
• Legislation, delegatory, [103-106]
• Legislative veto, [105-106], [108-109]
• Lend-Lease Act, [107]
• Liberty and authority, [1]
• Little, Captain, [137]
• Little v. Barreme, [139], [177]
• Locke, John, [5-7], [145]
• Machiavelli, Niccolo, [7-8]
• McIlwain, Charles H., [12-13]
• Manhattan Project, [79]
• Marine Corps, [30], [32-33]
• Marine Corps Reserve, [30]
• Maritime Commission, [60], [70-71], [122]
• Maritime Control Areas, [37-38]
• Maritime salvage operations, [52]
• Marshall, John, on seizures, [137]
• Materials, [58], [60]
• Mediterranean Fruit Fly Board, [91]
• Merchant Marine Act, 1936, [46], [51-52], [70]
• Merchant Marine Reserve, [30]
• Merryman, John, [126]
• Metals, strategic, [48]
• Military conscription, [28]
• Military equipment, [51]
• Military Services, [29-35] passim
• Military sites and productive facilities, [48-52]
• Military training, [101-102]
• Mill, James, [7]
• Mill, John Stuart, [7]
• Milligan case, [127], [128]
• Mineral resources, [47-48]
• Mitchell, James P., [143]
• Mobilization, [1]
• Motor Carrier Act, [46]
• Motor carriers, [69]
• Movement, circumscribing, [36-38]
• Municipal Bankruptcy Act, [16]
• Munitions, [39], [53], [85]
• Murphy, Frank, on martial law, [128]
• Mutual Defense Assistance Act (1949), [95], [99], [104]
• Mutual Defense Assistance Act, (1951), embargo on war implements, [95-96]
• Mutual Security Act, [48], [78], [95]
• National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, [86], [124]
• National Defense Act (1916), [29-33] passim
• National Defense Act (1940), [24]
• National Guard, [29], [30]
• National Industrial Recovery Act, [17], [61-63], [85], [87]
• National Labor Relations Act, [46]
• National Labor Relations Board, [42]
• National Mediation Board, [68]
• National Military Establishment Appropriation Act, [79]
• National Munitions Control Board, [39], [56], [85], [100], [123]
• National Science Foundation, [86], [123]
• National Science Foundation Act, [28]
• National Security Act, [120]
• National security airspace, [114]
• National security emergencies, [22-25]
• National Security Training Commission, [102]
• National Security Training Corps, [23], [102]
• Nationality Act, [35], [115]
• Nationals, foreign, asylum of, [119-120]
• Natural catastrophes, [21-22]
• Natural Gas Act, [46]
• Naturalization and communists, [36]
• Naval Reserve, [30]
• Naval Reserve Policy Board, [112]
• Nazi aggression, [162]
• Nepotism, [78]
• Neutrality Act (1935), [22], [37], [39], [85], [123];
• amendments, [37], [56-57], [65], [69-72], [85], [100]
• Neutrality Act, 1939, [78], [104], [108], [159]
• Neutrality emergencies, [22-23]
• Neutrality Proclamation, [37]
• New York-New Jersey Civil Defense Compact, [24]
• N.I.R.A., [62], [67]
• Nitrogen for defense, [49], [86]
• Nixon, Richard M., 2nd steel strike settlement, [143]
• Office of Civilian Defense, [23], [123]
• Office of Price Administration, [66]
• Officers’ Reserve Corps, [29]
• Oil, [58], [85]
• Opinions, dissemination of, [83-84]
• Orders, compulsory, [60-61]
• Ore, [90]
• Organized Reserves, [30]
• Padre Island Sea Range Area, [38]
• Patents, [80]
• Pay, rates of, [62]
• Pearl Harbor, [30], [92]
• Pensions, [87]
• Perlman, Philip B., [136]
• Persons, circumscribing movement of, [36-38]
• Petroleum reserves, [100]
• Philippine War Damage Commission, [113]
• Pilots, training of, [27]
• Pine, David A., [134-135]
• Pipe-lines, [52], [68]
• Plant protection force, [104]
• Policy-making, [88-91]
• Population, [1]
• Powers over persons, [26-46]
• President:
• concurrent resolutions, [102-103];
• determination of an emergency, [24-25];
• emergency powers of, [144-147];
• furnishing of privately owned plants, [53];
• loan of naval vessels, [96];
• materials for national defense, [51];
• pipe-line construction, [52];
• purchase of defense materials, [53];
• report on government owned facilities, [99];
• reserves to active duty, [30-31];
• seizure of industries, [54];
• wire communications, [104]
• President’s Reorganization Plan, No. 1, [105]
• Price Administrator, [54]
• Price control, [19], [65-67], [76], [101], [121]
• Price Control Act (1942), [66]
• Price Control Act (1946), [101]
• Printing presses, listing of, [84], [164]
• Priorities, [59-60]
• Private enterprises, [52-53]
• “Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals”, [35-36], [74]
• Production controls, [62-63]
• Profits, [63-64]
• Project Mercury, [141]
• Propaganda dissemination, [39], [81-82]
• Property, government and private enterprise, [49], [52-72] passim
• Public opinion, [75-77]
• Public Resolution No. 1, [57]
• Public utilities, [52]
• Public Utility Holding Company Act, [46]
• Public works, [62]
• Publicity, [74-75]
• Puget Sound, maritime control area, [38]
• Quality, protection of, [61]
• Railroad Retirement Act, [89]
• Railroad Retirement Board, [88-89]
• Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act, [46]
• Railroads, rehabilitation of, [67]
• Railway Labor Act, [19], [68]
• Raw materials, [48]
• Real estate, [64]
• Reciprocal Tariff Act, [76]
• Reconstruction Finance Corporation, [65], [115];
• credit to agencies, [121-122];
• liquidated, [91]
• Regular Army Reserve, 3O
• Renegotiation Act, [19], [64]
• Rent, [66]
• Reorganizations Acts:
• (1932), [103];
• (1939), [103], [105];
• (1945), [105];
• (1949), [105], [108]
• Reorganization Plans 1 and 2, [108]
• Reporting requirements, [77-78], [85-86]
• Reserve Officers’ Training Corps, [29-30]
• Retirement, railroad, changes made, [88-89]
• Rights of individuals, [46]
• Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, [2], [15-17], [19], [21], [22], [23], [35-37]
• Rossiter, Clinton L., [10-11], [126]
• Rousseau, Jean Jacques, [6-7]
• Rubber, [49-50], [59], [90-91]
• Rubber Producing Facilities Disposal Act, [43-44], [90], [106]
• Rubber Producing Facilities Disposal Commission, [90], [117]
• “Rule of anticipated reaction”, [96]
• Russia and Lend-Lease Act, [107]
• Sabotage, [34], [43]
• Salaries, [66-67], [87]
• San Francisco, maritime control area, [38]
• Sawyer v. U.S. Steel Co. et al., [174]
• Schechter Poultry Corporation v. U.S., [62]
• Schenck case, [130-131]
• Sciences, research in, [86]
• Second War Powers Act, [2-28], [46], [49], [52], [58-61], [63-64], [86-88], [107], [117]
• Securities Exchange Act, [17], [18], [46], [85]
• Selective Service Act (1948), [28]
• Selective Training and Service Act (1940), [31-32], [43], [54], [60];
• extension (1945), [24]
• Senate Committee on Immigration, [98]
• Senate Resolution, [147], (1949), [108]
• Shapiro v. U.S., [46]
• Sherman Anti-Trust Act, [46]
• Silberner, Edmund, [7]
• Simon, Herbert A., [111-112]
• Simple resolution, [102], [103]
• Sixth Supplemental National Defense Appropriations Act, [100]
• Skills, essential, [28-29]
• Small Business Administration, [65], [75], [91-92]
• Small Business Concerns Mobilization Act, [52-53], [91], [120]
• Smaller War Industries Administration, [65]
• Smaller War Plants Corp., [52-53], [91]
• Social Security Act, [46]
• Staley, Austin L., [142]
• Standardization, [96]
• Statute books, [1], [2]
• [Steel Seizure cases,] [5], [126], [134-139], [173]
• Steel strike of 1959, [139-144]
• Stockpiling, [47-48], [55], [90], [119]
• Strikes, [28], [44], [75], [101]
• Subcontracts, [91]
• Subversive Activities Control Act, [35]
• Subversive Activities Control Board, [42], [43], [82], [84]
• Sugar Act, [20]
• Supplemental Defense Appropriations Act (1942), [64]
• Supplemental National Defense Appropriations Act (1948), [94]
• Supplies, [55], [75]
• Supreme Court and the Commander-in-Chief, [126]
• Sutherland, George, [128-129]
• Taft-Hartley Act, [19], [140], [141], [143]
• Taney, Roger B., [126], [127]
• Tariff Act, 1930:
• amendment, (1934), [18], [114];
• importation of beef and, [21];
• war emergency and, [24]
• Tariffs, reduction of, [76]
• Tennessee Valley Authority Act, [49], [56], [73-74], [86], [101], [122]
• Terminating power and programs, [103-104], [106-107]
• Testimony, secrecy of, [80-81]
• Theorists, [5-11]
• Tobacco Control Act, [20]
• Transportation, [1]
• Travel restrictions, [37]
• Treason, [36]
• Truman, Harry S., [20], [34], [134-139] passim
• Unions, labor, [62]
• United States:
• access to, by aliens, [34-36];
• commerce with France, [14];
• 1799, [137]
• U.S. Bureau of Mines, [50]
• U.S. Congress:
• administrative accounting to, [98-102];
• banking emergency, [16];
• concurrent resolution, [103-106];
• construction of public utilities, [52];
• co-operation with President, [93];
• dairy products investigation, [20-21];
• determination of an emergency, [24-25];
• determination of strategic materials, [47];
• emergency powers, [1], [2];
• establishment of guided missiles proving grounds, [98];
• executive function of committees, [93-94];
• famine legislation, [21-22];
• informing and advising, [100-101];
• oversight of administration, [109];
• review of administrative action, [102-103];
• study and report on, [89]
• U.S. Constitution, [125], [147];
• as a flexible charter, [130-133];
• as a restrictive document, [126-128]
• U.S. Department of Interior Appropriation Act, [46]
• U.S. Library of Congress:
• deposit of political propaganda copy, [81];
• request of foreign printed matter, [112]
• U.S. Navy, and furnishing of privately-owned plants, [49], [51-54] passim;
• increased military strength authorized, (1946), [32-33]
• U.S. Navy Department, [47]
• U.S. Navy Department Appropriations Act (1941), [27], [53]
• U.S. Secretary of Agriculture:
• agricultural emergency, [17];
• control of grasshoppers, [99];
• government use of rubber and, [49-50]
• U.S. Secretary of Defense:
• disposition of naval vessels, [96];
• reporting to Congress on national defense, [94-96];
• training of the Armed Forces, [97]
• U.S. Secretary of the Air Force, [48-49]
• U.S. Secretary of the Interior:
• determination of strategic materials, [47];
• liquid fuels program, [50]
• U.S. Secretary of the Navy:
• Congressional reporting, [95], [99], [100];
• emergency measures, [65];
• extended military enlistments 30;
• leasing petroleum reserves, [100];
• plant protection force, [104];
• possession of war production plants, [52-54];
• strategic materials and, [40], [51], [52]
• U.S. Secretary of War:
• annual report of contracts, [100];
• emergency measures of, [58];
• land acquisition, [48], [52];
• materials for national defense, [51];
• possession of war production plants, [54];
• regulation of working hours, [27];
• wartime powers, [44-45]
• U.S. Supreme Court:
• emergency government, [125-126];
• emergency power, [2], [4-5], [126-133];
• role in emergency action, [144];
• steel strike of 1959, [142-143];
• the Constitution, [133]
• U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation, [129], [135], [147], [172]
• U.S. v. Pee Wee Coal Co., [174]
• U.S. v. Russell, [174]
• United Steelworkers of America, [139-143] passim
• United Steel Workers of America, Petitioner, v. United States, et al., [142], [175]
• Universal Military Training and Service Act (1940), amendment (1951), [23], [32], [92], [101-102], [106], [116]
• Vessels:
• acquisition of, [51], [52];
• foreign, in American waters, [71-72];
• naval, [86], [117]
• Veterans’ Emergency Housing Act, [19-20]
• Vinson, Fred M., [139]
• Vinson-Trammell Act, 1934, [63]
• Volunteer Reserve, [30]
• von Braun, Werner, [28]
• Vote, right to, [89]
• Wages, [66-67], [101], [121]
• War:
• controls, [107];
• damage, compensation for, [113];
• implements of, [95];
• material, exporting of, [77]
• War Labor Disputes Act, [19], [44], [54], [62]
• War Powers Acts (1941), [84];
• (1942), [69]
• [War Production Board,] [60], [77]
• War Risk Insurance Act, [114], [116]
• Water-supply facilities, [49]
• Watkins, Frederick M., [9]
• Weather, control of, [86-87]
• White v. Steer, [128]
• Whitney v. California, [132], [172]
• Wire communication facilities, [104]
• Women’s Armed Services Integration Act, [33]
• Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer, [126], [134], [148], [150], [174-175]

Transcriber’s Notes:

New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain.

The anchors for the endnotes have been relabeled consecutively through the document, and the following additional endnote changes were made:

[p. 8]: Endnote anchor inserted (a long time.”[27])