Wire, Signaling, Radio and Messenger:
- Message.—Concise, written information sent by messenger or wire.
- Source always given.—"Heard" separated from "seen."
- Report.—Formal account of some enterprise.
- War Diary.—Record of events kept in campaigns.
- Maps.
Reconnaissance:
- The work of individuals or units in gathering information.
- To keep contact with the enemy—to be acquainted with the terrain; to protect flanks and rear and guard against surprise.
- Reconnaissance begins on entering theater of operations and lasts through campaign.
- Effected by patrols and air craft.
Indications of enemy:
- Tracks on road.
- Abandoned camps and clothing.
- Infantry, thick, low cloud of dust.
- Cavalry, high, thin cloud of dust.
- Artillery and wagons, broken cloud.
Determination of Enemy Forces:
- Timing past a given point.
- Cavalry (walk), 110 per minute.
- Cavalry (trot), 200 per minute.
- Infantry, 175 per minute.
- Artillery and wagons, 5 per minute.
Security:
- Those measures taken to protect a command from enemy observation, annoyance and surprise.
- Obtained by covering the front with detachments.
- March.—Advance, flank and rear guards.
- Camp.—Outposts.
- March and camp detachments.—To give warning and resist attack until such time as detachment in rear can deploy.