[170:1] This judgment seems likely to be reversed by the wonderful accession of new materials upon the Ptolemaic age, the first instalment of which I have published in a monograph upon the Petrie Papyri (with autotype plates, Williams & Norgate, 1891). We shall presently know the conditions of life in one province at all events, the Fayoum, which was peopled with Greek veterans along with Jews and Egyptians. I have now under my hand their wills, their private letters, their accounts, their official correspondence in hundreds of shreds and fragments.
[171:1] The best special work on the conflict of the Greek settlements with the Jewish population, and with the Asmonæan sovrans all along the coast of Palestine, is B. Stark's Gaza und die Philistische Küste.
[172:1] Cf. Plutarch's Life of Cleomenes, cap. xi.
[173:1] Cf. the cases quoted in my Greek Life and Thought, pp. 394, 537, 541-543.
[173:3] Florilegium (ed. Teubner), ii. 247-284.
[178:1] The momentary acquisition (in 190 B.C.) of two unimportant towns, Pleuron and Heraclea, in northern Greece, need hardly count as a correction of this general statement. The acquisition of the island Zacynthos was prevented by the Romans.
[179:1] Hist. des Grecs, chap. xix.
[180:1] I need not pause to remind the reader that each Greek city, or pόlis, was in every constitutional sense a separate and independent State, just as much as the largest country is now. These cities severally made frequent treaties even with Rome, to which they stood in the same relations as a foreign king.
[181:1] These points were suggested for the first time in my Greek Life and Thought, pp. 7 seqq.