[114:1] Cf. on this point Polybius, xi. 13, whom I have quoted in my Greek Life and Thought, p. 416.
[116:1] Cf. the excellent summary in Holm iii. 54-7.
[116:2] Cf. Holm iii. 96 sqq.
[118:1] That is, the Restoration of its legitimate democracy. Cf. my History of Greek Literature, part ii. cap. v.
[118:2] Roughly speaking, 400-340 B.C.
[121:1] This Professor Freeman has admirably shown in his History of Federal Governments; and it is generally admitted by all competent scholars.
[121:2] It is perhaps worth calling attention to the fact that the tract on Athens in the Xenophontic collection has the same title as the newly-discovered treatise, so that some distinction is necessary in citing them. For the present the novelty of the Aristotelian book has cast the older document into oblivion.
[122:1] Cf. Ἀθ. Πολ. c. 28. Holm (ii. p. 583) controverts my use of Plutarch's quotation from this chapter of Aristotle, and thinks that I had mistranslated the term βέλτιστος. The full text now shows that Holm was mistaken and I was right.
[123:1] It is well to add, lest the reader might be misled by a false analogy, that this supervision applied to the appointment of teachers, and the regulation of teaching and of school discipline. The Greeks would have despised any system such as ours, which limits the State control to examinations, and which tests efficiency by success in them. The modern notion of disregarding the moral and social conditions under which the young are brought up, provided they can answer at a high-class examination, would have struck them as wicked and barbarous.
[123:2] Cf. the citation in Cicero de Repub. iv. 3. 3.